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After work, watching live food is a pastime for many people.
The soft pastries in the live broadcast room always make people can't help but click into the shopping bag, eager to eat in the next second.
But at the last moment of placing an order, an inappropriate sentence lingered in the mind - "Eat, eat is sin." ”
Therefore, in a kind of chaos and contradiction of "pain does not want to live", I can only endure the "severe pain" to return and sigh:
Why is it so contradictory and so difficult to be human?
Imagine that if one day, you can break all the taboos, eat sweet and eat every day until you are tired, and you can still lose weight healthily, life is simply too beautiful!
You don't have to say that there are really some people in this world, for them - eating sugar, "there is nothing wrong with it.".
Genetic variations alter the sugar metabolism of Greenlanders
Recently, researchers from the University of Copenhagen discovered that some Greenlanders have developed genetic variants due to unique diets over thousands of years.
This variation changed the way they absorbed sugar, reducing the harm caused by sugar to some extent.
(Loss of sucrase-isomaltase function increases acetate levels in greenlanders and improves metabolic health))
The study analyzed data from 6551 Greenland adults and experimented on mice.
It was found that some Greenlanders had variants in the genes that controlled sucrase-isomaltase, and their average BMI, body weight, body fat rate, and blood triglycerides were low.
Adult Greenlanders with this genetic variant have lower body mass index, triglyceride levels, and higher acetate levels
People who produce this variant have a sucrose isomalase deficiency, and they have a special way of metabolizing their sugar.
When sugar enters their bodies, it is not absorbed into the bloodstream like a "normal person," but goes directly into their intestines.
The mechanism behind this, the researchers explain, is likely that gut bacteria convert sugars into a short-chain fatty acid called acetate.
Acetate, on the other hand, can reduce appetite, boost metabolism and promote immune health.
(Hypothetical mechanism proposed by the researchers)
From a certain point of view, eating sugar properly makes them healthier.
Dietary experiments in mice
To figure out what was going on in the guts of the people who produced the mutations, the researchers also used supplementary experiments in mice.
They divided the mice into two groups:
Sis-KO group: These mice are similar to the genetic variants of Greenlanders, with suppressed sugar metabolism.
Sis-WT group: These mice have normal glucose metabolism capacity .
The results found that the mice in the Sis-KO group gained only half the body weight and lower liver triglyceride levels by eating a diet that was equally rich in sugar and fat.
(Blue-Sis-WT group; red-Sis-KO group)
Moreover, after ingestion of sucrose, the acetate in the Sis-KO group increased significantly and blood sugar was lower.
After ingestion of sucrose, the acetate in the Sis-KO group was significantly increased and blood sugar was lower
This confirms the researchers' inferences and analysis, showing that this genetic variant does bring some benefits.
Anders Albrechtsen, a professor of biology at the University of Copenhagen, said: "It's 'incredible' that a genetic variant can have such a profound beneficial effect. ”
The team hopes that this result will provide new ideas for the development of drugs to treat cardiovascular disease and obesity.
(Professor Anders Albrechtsen and his colleagues fishing in Nuuk, Greenland)
Why do Greenlanders have such a genetic advantage?
Anders Albrechtsen explains that this may be because Greenlanders don't have much sugar in their diet.
They simply don't need to quickly absorb sugar from the bloodstream for energy, which increases the probability of genetic variation.
What is the greenlander's diet like? Can such "good genes" also "mutate and mutate"?
Greenlander's diet
Speaking of Greenland, the famous microbiologist Aviaja Lyberth Hauptmann said: "Greenland is a place where food is obtained directly from nature".
Fruits and vegetables are few, mainly meat
Much of Greenland is covered in ice, making it difficult for plants to survive and traditional agriculture severely restricted.
As early as 2500 BC, greenlanders made their living from marine mammals such as birds, fish and seals.
In most cases, they eat meat and fat from fish, whales, seals and reindeer.
They may occasionally eat some cranberries, but their diet has the lowest sugar content.
In the centuries that followed, the diet also changed little.
Although supermarkets in Greenland are now introducing more plant-based foods, the local diet is still predominantly meat-based.
Today, every town in Greenland has a fish market called the Little Greenlander.
Here, local hunters and fishermen sell their daily "prey", such as cod, halibut, salmon and redfish, as well as seals, whales, musk, walruses and more.
(Cod dried for food in the cold winter air)
Due to the constraints of climatic and environmental conditions, the diet and lifestyle of the local people are closely related to the polar ocean.
In order to harmonize the coexistence between man and nature, Greenland has established strict rules for the capture of marine animals.
(Management and utilization of large whales in Greenland)
Is greenlanders eating a healthy diet?
Most marine animals are rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can prevent a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular disease.
There is no high-carb diet here, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes rarely occur.
It is precisely because of this unique way of eating that they have mutated their unique genes.
This gene makes them more adaptable to fatty acid metabolism and allows them to simply dispose of the sugars that occasionally appear in the body in a "passer-by" way.
However, scientists have also found that this variation does not seem to be a good thing for many children.
Local children developed sugar intolerance
As a result of this genetic variation, some children are born deficient in sucrase-isomaltase.
Sucrase-Isomalase helps break down sucrose and certain starches.
When this enzyme is deficient, the intestines are unable to absorb sucrose and starch efficiently, and symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloating may occur.
Specific symptoms "vary from person to person" and generally improve as children age.
This congenital sucrase isomalase deficiency (CSID) is rare in most parts of the world, but is prevalent in the Arctic by about 10 percent.
Before the introduction of the Western diet in the middle of the last century, CSID was not well known in Greenland.
It wasn't until infant formulas containing sucrose and maltodextrin were introduced that CSID slowly attracted attention.
Why is it that most adults in Greenland are free to convert sugar into acetate and metabolize the same genes, while children experience a lot of discomfort?
In this regard, the researchers speculate that as children age, their gut bacteria gradually become accustomed to sugar and learn how to convert sugar into energy, thereby improving the tolerance of sucrose and maltose.
Key Skinny Dragon said
Seeing this, are you a little worried that if you don't eat sugar for a long time, you will also mutate.
In fact, the occurrence of this mutation may take thousands of years, and it is not an effect that can be achieved in a lifetime.
The people of Greenland, the long-term polar environment, have created their unique genes.
Some indigenous genetic variants allow them to have different ways of metabolizing sugar, which to some extent reduces the threat of sugar to health.
At the same time, children who mutated showed intolerance to sugar.
If you're just on a low-carb diet, you shouldn't need to worry about developing sugar intolerances.
If you eat sugar and are intolerant, you should also be tempered, after all, eating too much is not digested, and there is no benefit, right.