The struggle between monarchy and power has been common in China's history, and sometimes the power of the monarch surpasses the power of the monarch, and the result is that the power of the subject is in charge; sometimes the power of the monarch exceeds the power of the monarch, that is, the power of the monarch is majestic. The former was represented by the eldest grandson of the Tang Dynasty, Wu Jie, and the latter was represented by several emperors of Kang Yongqian. And Zhang Juzheng, a famous minister of power in the Ming Dynasty, was counted as one, and he had great authority during his lifetime, but after his death, he was brutally whipped, and the reason was because of the provocation to the monarchy!
Although Zhang Juzheng was a powerful minister, he was also a nomadic minister, a famous reformer of the Ming Dynasty, and the most outstanding reform was the implementation of the "One Whip Law". The main measure of the "One Whip Law" is to unify all taxes, including regular taxes, surcharges, tributes, and all kinds of funds needed by the central and local governments, and all kinds of servitude on the basis of prefectures and counties. Moreover, in order to implement a change of law, all the land of the state was re-liquidated and measured.
The interests of the landlord class and the aristocracy that annexed many lands suffered.
But most importantly, Zhang Juzheng also suppressed imperial power
。 Zhang Juzheng's dynasty as the first assistant was the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, when Wanli had just ascended the throne, he was very young, and his mother chose Zhang Juzheng as the first assistant in order to protect his throne and win over the courtiers. Zhang Juzheng just got along well with Empress Li and Wan Li at first, and the "History of Ming" recorded Zhang Juzheng's words: The Virgin and the Emperor treat their subjects with their hearts and brothers, which is different from the group of courtiers. It can be seen that the two sides get along harmoniously, and the monarchy represented by Empress Li and Wan Li does not contradict Zhang Juzheng's power, and the two rights belong to the stage of harmonious coexistence.
But everything changed after he began to reform, because he implemented the reform at the same time, but also reduced the royal expenditure, and the contradiction between the monarchy and the power of the monarchy arose. For example, Empress Li's hometown wanted to repair the tomb, Empress Li asked the imperial court for money, and the state gave 20,000 taels, but Empress Li was too little and asked for more points. However, Zhang Juzheng said: The Virgin and the Emperor will definitely want to make an exception, and this minister and others are so afraid that they dare not be good at it. Filial piety is done without disobedience, but it is done with courtesy; though grace is infinite, it will be judged with righteousness. The house of noble relatives does not suffer from not being rich, suffering from ignorance; rich and following etiquette, rich is long-lasting.
That is to say, every time you and the emperor want to make an exception, the courtiers and so on are very afraid and worried, because you and the emperor's practices are contrary to the etiquette system, the heavenly family is noble, and the most feared thing is that you do not know how to be frugal, so you will perish. This is directly to put the empress dowager and the emperor on the shelf for disloyalty and filial piety, and also uses the tone of reprimand, Wanli was still young at that time, Zhang Juzheng was his teacher, according to Song Ming's theory: Heaven and Earth Jun's master, Zhang Juzheng if he teaches him, he can barely speak, but Empress Li, although young, occupies the rule of etiquette, is the empress dowager, the son of heaven must be polite and greeting, Zhang Juzheng is a courtier, reprimanding the empress dowager, even if the original intention is good, the words are too heavy, naked do not put the heavenly family in the eyes!
Another time, Empress Li wanted to repair the house, Zhang Juzheng said that the house you live in now is very good, and the decoration does not need to be in a hurry; Wanli is ill, Empress Li wants to worship the gods and pray for blessings, Zhang Juzheng also stopped and said, The Holy Ancestor forbids the opening of the altar, if the opening of the altar is afraid that it will disturb the ancestors. Directly saying that Empress Li is suspected of deceiving teachers and destroying ancestors, such a tone, such an act, even if Empress Li reluctantly endures for the throne of Wanli, but those in high positions, who are so reprimanded and rejected by their subordinates, how can they be angry in their hearts? Empress Li's move into the palace that he rejected and rebuilt after Zhang Juzheng's death is the best explanation of her dissatisfaction with Zhang Juzheng! It can be seen that Zhang Juzheng is ignoring the monarchy represented by Empress Li!
Treat Wanli, Zhang Juzheng is not polite, after all, occupying the teacher's big festival, Wanli fourth year in December, Zhu Yijun wanted to change into new clothes, Zhang Juzheng said: Festival one dress, there are dozens of people in the folk to get its warmth; light clothes, there are dozens of people in the folk who suffer from its cold. Directly teach Wanli to say, "Emperor, if you save a piece of clothing, the people will be able to wear a warmer one, and if you waste a piece of clothing, the people will have dozens more frozen people!" ''There is a suspicion of reprimanding Wanli for wasting the people's fat and people's anointing, which means that Wanli is not benevolent, which is also a provocation to the monarchy!
Although Zhang Juzheng's direct advice to Empress Li and the Wanli Emperor expressed his loyalty as a subject, the political system of the Ming Dynasty at the time of Jiajing, the cabinet system, had been perfected, and even without an emperor, the regime could be maintained, so Jiajing did not go to the dynasty for more than twenty years. Zhang Juzheng ascended the throne from the early age of Wanli, has always held the military, political, and financial power, and occupies the dignity of the emperor's master, and has always firmly suppressed the monarchy, and when he was in office, the power was almost at its peak.
However, after his death, although Wanli even rebelled against the dynasty for him, he gave the pillar state and "Wen Zhong". The fact that the ancient Chinese title can be honored as ''Wen Zhong'' represents the ruler's affirmation of his contribution, which is the best of the wenchen! However, four days later, Wanli's clean-up campaign against him began, and Pan Sheng, who was appointed by Zhang Juzheng before his death, was impeached at the same time by the Qi Mingyan officials, and Wanli simply and neatly let Pan Sheng zhishi. Not only that, but the officials also further directly impeached Zhang Juzheng, and Wan Li changed his sad attitude a few days ago, and ordered: The edict cut the rank of the official who was cut down, seized the seal book and the four generations of commandments given before, and showed the world with a crime, saying that when the coffin was cut to death, it was spared. His brothers all commanded Ju Yi and Zi Shu Xiu, and they all had a miasma.
Stripped of his official positions, honorific titles, and titles, forced to seize the seal book he gave before his death, the four generations of commandments, and the raiding of his home, Zhang Juzheng's brothers and sons were sent to the barbaric land, and his family members either starved to death or were exiled, and later Wanli was forced by the pressure of hundreds of officials to stop further persecution of Zhang Juzheng. However, Wan Li also planned to pull Zhang Juzheng, who had just died not long ago, out of the corpse directly! Zhang Ju was Wan Li's teacher, and being stripped of his title was already a great humiliation, so why did Wan Li even want to whip the corpse? Because of Zhang Juzheng's death, the Xiangquan led by him was leaderless for a while, and the Xiangquan was scattered among the hundred officials, which was the moment of the transfer of power.
The insult to Zhang Juzheng is the oppression of Xiang quan, the shock to the hundred officials, and the power confrontation between the monarchy represented by Wanli and the civilian official clique, so Wanli will choose so urgently when choosing to insult Zhang Juzheng, and the means will be so fierce, only because he does not want the authority to continue to move down! However, when Wan Li liquidated Zhang Juzheng, he did not forget to cut off a large number of officials appointed before his death, investigate and abandon the world, and even stepped up supervision of the repair of Empress Li's palace that Zhang Juzheng rejected before his death, and Empress Li's attitude also changed from Listening to Suggestions before Zhang Juzheng's death to happily staying in the new palace!
Empress Li's stay in the new palace shows Empress Li's attitude of silence, connivance and even support for Zhang's liquidation movement, and she is explaining to the hundred officials on behalf of Wanli their attitude and determination to seize power! Looking back at the exchange of rights in the Wanli Dynasty, it is the transfer of the monarchy represented by Zhang Juzheng and the wanli representative, and Zhang Juzheng was almost whipped because of the provocation of the monarchy before his death, which is also in line with the general trend of China's feudal dynasty.
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