In aquaculture, with the increase of breeding time, the culture pond gradually ages, the self-purification capacity and buffer capacity of the pond decline, and the breeding environment deteriorates. The self-purification and buffering capacity of the pond environment depends largely on the ecological quality of the pond sediment.
With the development of the aquaculture industry, the excessive pursuit of high-yield, high-density breeding, feed feeding, fertilizer and drug use has greatly increased, the excretion of farmed animals, unfinished feed, fertilization, organisms (such as algae, etc.) left behind by the carcass far exceed the self-purification ability of the water body itself, these organic matter is difficult to fully decompose in time, accumulating in the pond bottom to form silt.
If the silt layer is not treated for a long time, it will also have many adverse effects, mainly including:
1, increase oxygen consumption, the bottom layer is easy to lack of oxygen
2. The self-purification ability of the water body is poor, the water is easy to be turbid, the water color is unstable, and it is easy to pour algae.
3, the production of harmful substances: ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide, etc
4. A large number of pathogenic bacteria, parasites and so on are breeding
5. Provide nutrients for harmful algae
6. Pond acidification or acid-base imbalance
In the process of breeding, farmers usually choose the bottom change products for bottom change; the bottom change from the zeolite powder, dolomite powder, quicklime, etc. used in the early breeding to the current market has a wide variety of bottom changes, a variety of types, the choice of suitable bottom change products is crucial.
How to choose the right bottom product? Through the analysis of the role of the bottom product below, you can understand the rational use of the bottom product in aquaculture.
Dolomite powder
When used as a bottom change, the main role is to adsorb organic matter in purified water and achieve the effect of bottom water purification. As the most commonly used product in aquaculture, it also contains most of the macro elements and trace elements required for the growth and development of aquaculture animals; in the breeding process, regular use can improve the total alkalinity, etc., effectively stabilizing water quality.
quicklime
Quicklime meets water after the chemical reaction occurs, is strong alkaline, and has a strong oxidation, effectively neutralizes various organic acids in the sludge, changes the acidic environment, thereby playing a role in sterilization, improving the substrate and water quality; quicklime also has a good water purification effect, in the entire breeding process from the beginning of the pond to the water transfer to the bottom, etc. are used, the method is simple, the use is widespread.
Calcium peroxide
Calcium peroxide reacts chemically after encountering water, and the "oxygen" released is currently the most used product in aquaculture, but the process of "oxygen" in its reaction is very slow, which is the main reason for its failure as an oxygenator. However, it is also because of the slow effect of calcium peroxide that it is the most durable and effective product for improving the dissolved oxygen of the underlying layer. In practical production applications, it is used with beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus, which can provide long-term oxygenation effect and effectively promote the reproduction of beneficial bacteria.
Granular aeration type bottom modification
The use of product particle properties directly sink to the bottom of the pond, directly acting on the silt layer at the bottom of the pond, increasing the dissolved oxygen at the bottom of the pond to increase the permeability of the silt and water body, and improving the thickness of the aerobic reaction layer; increasing the pH of the pond to promote the decomposition of organic matter and the release of nutrient salts to improve the substrate; however, this type of product can quickly play a role in changing the bottom, giving people an intuitive feeling that the effect is obvious.
The type of Chinese herbal medicine is changed
This type of bottom change is a product derived from the ordinary bottom change, through the addition of targeted Chinese herbal medicine, while maintaining the effect of ordinary bottom change, the effect of Chinese herbal medicine is increased. Common ones
Cool bottom change: mainly used in the high temperature season, can effectively reduce the toxic substances at the bottom of the pond, water retention and water stability.
Disease resistance bottom change: mainly the use of Chinese herbal medicine anti-pathogen effect, killing the bottom of the pond pathogenic bacteria.
Detoxify the bottom change
In aquaculture, "detoxification" is a topic often mentioned by aquaculturists, as the largest source of "poison", increase the detoxification function in the bottoming product, enhance the bottoming effect; and even some manufacturers specially produce granular detoxification products for the detoxification of the bottom, in order to achieve the best detoxification effect. The most used is mainly sodium humate.
Biological bottom change
Biological bottom modification is also a product derived from the ordinary bottom modification, through the addition of beneficial bacteria (such as Bacillus), while maintaining the original effect of the bottom modification, enhance biodegradation, so that the bottom organic matter is fully decomposed. Many biological product manufacturers directly produce granular microbial preparations, directly sink to the bottom, and beneficial bacteria multiply in the mud to achieve the maximum decomposition effect
Biodegradation is the use of granular microbial preparations to slowly release microorganisms in the bottom, through oxidation, reduction, assimilation, alienation and other reactions to gradually degrade and transform organic matter, and finally decompose into nutrients for algae use, to achieve bottom purification of the water environment; at the same time, give play to the advantages of the population, inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria.
Oxidation bottom change
At present, the most used products on the market: potassium persulfate, the process of oxidative decomposition of organic matter is strong oxygen decomposition, in general, strong oxygen decomposition can not completely decompose organic matter into inorganic substances, but can only make organic matter from one state to another state, and then through subsequent biodegradation treatment.
There is a wide variety of products that have been remodeled. The latest technology on the market is safe and efficient potassium persulfate composite salt replacement negative. Potassium persulfate is known as the fifth generation of disinfectants, green and safe, less irritating to farmed animals, no residue in use, and is currently recognized by more and more farmers. However, when choosing potassium persulfate complex salt to change the negative, we must choose potassium persulfate with a content of more than 20%. The higher the content of potassium persulfate, the better the oxidation. However, due to the higher oxidation of potassium persulfate, the higher the content, the more difficult it is to make tablets. It is difficult for ordinary small manufacturers to do it. Therefore, when choosing potassium persulfate compound salt to change the negative, it is recommended that everyone see the content and try to choose the products of large manufacturers. At the same time, the higher the production technology, the smaller the particles, the larger and more uniform the area of action, and the better the effect.
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In actual production, strong oxidation is very important, in addition to reducing the molecular weight of organic matter, but also allows biodegradable toxic and harmful organic matter (such as algal toxins, etc.) through the oxidation of strong oxidants into easily biodegradable substances.
In the process of breeding, the phenomenon of sticky bottom often occurs, which directly leads to the normal discharge of organic matter such as feces and residual bait, and cannot be sucked out when it is serious. Through strong oxidation decomposition, the viscosity bottom state is changed, and the sewage discharge function is greatly enhanced.
Adsorption water purification type bottom modification
Mainly for the use of organic matter content in water bodies and turbid water, adsorbents, water purification agents, flocculants, etc. are added to ordinary bottom modification products to achieve water purification effect. The effect of such products is obvious in use, but after the flocculation is generated, it is easy to adhere to the surface and gills of farmed animals, affecting various physiological functions of animals, (such as: shrimp and crabs stick, resulting in difficult molting problems), and it is necessary to use water change to discharge in time.
Activated carbon, zeolite powder, etc. have a good adsorption effect, and the side effects are small, and the impact on animals is very small.
other
There are many kinds of products on the market, and with the development of aquaculture, more products are gradually applied to aquaculture. In general, at present, there are three main types of aquaculture midsole products: oxygenated, biodegradable and strongly oxidized.
In tutang aquaculture, the above three kinds of bottom modification products are widely used and used in conjunction with each other, and the effect is better; while in high pond culture, it is relatively biased to choose to use strong oxidation type bottom modification, mainly because strong oxidation bottom modification can effectively change the phenomenon of sticky bottom.
Bottom modification is to eliminate the toxic and harmful factors in the bottom and improve the state of the bottom, in a wide range of bottom products, targeted selection of suitable products can effectively solve the bottom problem.
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