Source: Farmers Daily
"Shezhou (tea) raw Wuyuan Valley", from the time it was included in Lu Yu's "Tea Classic", Jiangxi Wuyuan green tea has a history of more than 1200 years. From the high-standard organic green tea that was once exported and exchanged for foreign exchange, to the current advantageous zone for agricultural products with Chinese characteristics, Wuyuan green tea has lasted for a long time.
Profound human geography nourishes "good tea" for thousands of years
In China's human geography, the "Golden Triangle of Green Tea" is often used to describe the most advantageous area in China's concentrated green tea production areas, and "Wulu" is located in the core of this Golden Triangle. The tea plantations scattered in the valley are surrounded by dense forests, and the forest coverage rate in the whole region is 82.64%.
Not long ago, the Jiangxi Provincial Tea Meteorological Center issued a total of 5,000 "special" climate quality certification marks and traceability labels to the Wuyuan County Yanshan MountainTop Native Specialties Professional Cooperative and Wulongshan Organic Food Co., Ltd. The reporter scanned the code to see that the spring tea picking period of the Tea Garden in Yanshan Village in 2019 was from April 1 to 28, with an average temperature of 13.7 degrees Celsius, an average relative humidity of 88%, and an average sunshine hour of 3.6 hours, which is especially suitable for the growth of high-quality green tea.
Over the past 1200 years, Wuyuan green tea has endured, "Song called the product, the Ming and Qing dynasties into tribute, won the 1915 Panama International Exposition Gold Medal and the 1999 Kunming World Expo Gold Medal", Wuyuan County Agricultural and Rural Bureau Tea Work Head Zhu Yongjian said, "green tea has been engraved in the history of Wuyuan, from natural geography to humanistic feelings, Wuyuan has." ”
Long-term immersion in tea culture, so that Wuyuan people have a natural "tea" tradition. There is the only secondary vocational school in the country named after tea , Wuyuan Tea School, whose predecessor was the Jiangxi Provincial Wuyuan Tea Science And Applied Vocational School, founded in 1939. Chen Xing, who was a former principal, said that the processes of killing green, kneading, frying green, and hui pot constitute the unique Wuyuan green tea making technology, which has been recognized as a national intangible cultural heritage, and "handmade tea" is a compulsory course for students. "Each stage of tea making carries the painstaking efforts of craftsmen, although the mechanized tea making process has gradually replaced the manual, but for professional practitioners, on the one hand, it is the inheritance of cultural heritage, on the other hand, it can also enhance the emotion for tea."
There are also many tea-related research bases in Wuyuan, and the organic tea garden of Lin sheng Industrial Co., Ltd. is one of them. According to reports, there are many such research bases in Wuyuan, tea picking, tea learning, tea tasting is the growth experience of Wuyuan teenagers generation, every weekend there will be primary and secondary school students to try to pick, stir-frying process, and then follow the tea artist to learn to brew tea, taste tea, in the fragrance of the inheritance of profound tea culture.
Excellent quality control achieves the benchmark of export tea
With a long tea tradition and excellent tea quality, Wulu has long been the main force in China's tea exports. During the planned economy period, Wuyuan green tea was generally higher than the surrounding areas due to its good quality and purchase price, so it was named "Tun Green" for export.
After the reform and opening up, the market has become the key to affecting the trend of tea purchase prices, and Wuyuan Green Tea has chosen the development path of high-quality organic tea. Hong Peng, chairman of Wuyuan Dayanshan Green Food Co., Ltd., said: "We must improve the quality of green tea with higher standards. ”
In the first batch of 8 green food AA-level lists released by the China Green Food Development Center in 1996, the only tea product was Wuyuan Dayan Mountain "Cloud Tea". Since then, the delegation of the EU certification organization has visited Wuyuan and carried out organic certification, whether it is natural conditions such as water, soil and air, or pollution control in the whole process of production, Dayan Camellia has reached the standard.
Wang Yumei, who has worked in the quality department of Dayanshan Green Organic Food Co., Ltd. for 20 years, said that the proudest thing is that Dayanshan organic green tea has entered the EU market for more than 20 years and has passed the EU BCS organic certification for 21 consecutive years.
Hong Peng said that Dayanshan Company has maintained long-term cooperative relations with 13 organic tea production bases, with a total area of more than 12,000 mu, and is still expanding every year, connecting more than 30,000 tea farmers.
In the company's kaoshui organic tea planting base, the reporter met the person in charge of the base, He Fusheng, the "second generation of tea". When it comes to organic tea, he talks about it: "The key to growing organic tea is reasonable pest control. We mainly use the natural enemies of pests to naturally deworm, use sex hormone induction, etc. In addition, 'autumn digging' is also our unique way of pest control, that is, after the annual autumn tea picking, tea farmers dig out about 50 cm of soil pits at certain intervals, turn the insect eggs in the soil to the surface, rely on the cold winter and low temperature to kill, and at the same time bury the organic fertilizer into the pit. Autumn digging plays a triple role in killing insects, fertilizing and loosening the soil. Of course, if we encounter a situation where pests and diseases are intensive, we can only rely on our own hands to eliminate insects. ”
Hong Wensheng, director of the Wuyuan County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, introduced that at present, Wuyuan County has built 110,000 mu of green food (tea) raw material base and 70,800 mu of organic tea garden base. The organic green tea of the four tea enterprises in Dayanshan, Wulongshan, Gaoshan and Xitou has reached the EU standard, and there are more than 120 organic tea processing demonstration factories in the county, and "global organic" has also been put on the agenda.
At the same time, according to the data provided by the Shangrao Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the export tea of Wuyuan green tea through the entry-exit inspection and quarantine of Shangrao City in the first half of 2019 was 37.66 million US dollars, accounting for 83.1% of the tea export volume in Jiangxi Province.
In-depth industrial integration to upgrade the value chain in an all-round way
As part of the global tea supply and marketing chain, how to make ordinary tea farmers better share the industrial dividend is a problem that "tea people" must think about.
In 2000, Hong Peng and some Wuyuan organic tea farmers jointly established the Wuyuan Organic Tea Farmers Association, applied for and joined the "International Fair Trade Label Organization" (FLO), becoming the first association in China to join the FLO. FLO has long provided additional economic compensation to primary producers of commodities such as tea, cocoa and coffee in the global industrial chain for the daily life of tea farmers and the purchase of means of production. In Wuyuan, the Organic Tea Farmers Association and its branches at various bases are the institutions that receive and decide how to use the money.
The Tuochuan School in Houhutang, Xicun, Tuochuan Township, Wuyuan County, was built with the support of the Fair Trade Fund. "The school currently has more than 600 students, the vast majority of whom are children of tea farmers nearby, and many of them are free of charge." Principal Cheng Yongrui introduced.
In 2018, Wuyuan Green Tea was identified by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as a "National Characteristic Agricultural Product Advantage Zone", and the development of "Wulu" was further injected with vitality. At present, there are 530 tea primary processing plants in the county, 26 refined processing plants, 18 large-scale tea enterprises with an annual output value of more than 20 million yuan, and the entire 370,000 population of Wuyuan, the tea-related population of more than 220,000.
Wu Shu, secretary of the Wuyuan County Party Committee, said that Wuyuan will always adhere to the organic tea development strategy, adhere to the brand development strategy, and enhance the brand value and market influence of tea.
In May 2019, Dayanshan Organic Tea Garden, which is also one of the bases of Dayanshan Company, was awarded the "Carlo Scarpa International Horticultural Award" in Italy, which is the first time that a Chinese enterprise has won this honor, effectively conveying the brand concept of "Heaven and Man In One" of Wuyuan Green Tea.
Global tourism and global scenic spots also provide opportunities for Wuyuan green tea to take the integration of tea tourism. At present, Wuyuan receives 23.7 million tourists a year, a number of boutique tourism routes, tea area scenic spot integration projects have become a new tourist growth point, "tea to promote tourism, tourism with tea, tea tourism interaction" has become an important idea of "Wulu" brand building.
Located in the western suburbs of Wuyuan, "Houtang Manor" and the famous scenic spot Luotang Village are across the road, and have been rated as the first batch of five-star homestays in the country by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and more than 200 acres of organic tea gardens surround the manor. Liu Fang, the person in charge of the homestay, told reporters that all tourists who come to "Houtang" can go to the tea garden to pick fresh green tea and stir-fry it themselves.
"Behind the brand promotion, it is still necessary to promote the overall upgrading of the industry, further increase industrial capital investment and foundation strengthening." Wu Shu said that the Wuyuan County Green Tea Industrial Park will soon be completed, which will organically integrate the whole chain of modern agricultural comprehensive services, organic product cultivation demonstration, innovation incubation and facility agriculture, cold chain processing, logistics and other tea industries to maximize the industrial chain.
As of the end of September 2019, Wuyuan County's tea gardens covered an area of 194,000 mu, harvested 17,800 tons of tea, processed trade volume of 56,200 tons, the output value of tea industry series was 3.131 billion yuan, and the brand value of Wuyuan green tea reached 2.063 billion yuan.