The scene of the Trail Camellia Feast
Jingshan Zen Temple was founded by Zen master Faqin during the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty and grows tea leaves. Emperor Zongzong of the Tang Dynasty, admiring his name, issued three holy decrees to welcome the Chang'an Imperial Palace, and was given the title of "Guoyi Zen Master" and gave him robes, bowls, and golden seals.
The tea culture of Jingshan Zen Temple has a long history. According to the detailed records of the "Records of Yuhang County" compiled during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, The Zen master Fa Qin once planted several tea plants by hand, collected them for Buddha, and spread the mountain rocks for more than a year. Trail camellia "light color and long taste", specific to other products. Since the Song Dynasty, it has also been often used as a royal tribute tea to entertain high monks and celebrities. Climbing to the top of Jingshan Mountain, because Empress Xianren, Song Gaozong, and Song Xiaozong came to Jingshan Temple, the Dragon Pavilion was specially built to commemorate, and Emperor Xiaozong of Song sealed the "Jingshan Xingsheng Wanshou Zen Temple", and the inscription "Royal Monument Pavilion" has been preserved for more than 800 years.
In 1235, at the age of 34, Yuan'er Went to the Southern Song Dynasty of China to seek the Dharma. Since the first year of Song Jiaxi (1237), Yuan'er Jianyuan has been practicing the Zen method of the Yangqi school of Zen Buddhism at the 34th abbot of Jingshan Temple, Wuzhuan Teacher, and has been received for five years. In 1241, When Yuan'er was about to return to Japan, no teacher could personally award the "Great Ming Record". This book was written by the Song monk Kui Tang and is a work that cites the teachings of Cheng Ming Dao and Other Teachings and Yu Zen Buddhism, advocating the aid of Confucianism to Buddhism. At the same time, Yuan'er Discernment also brought back more than a thousand volumes of classics and Confucian books. After returning to China, he successively founded the three great temples of Chongfu Temple, Chengtian Temple, and Dongfu Temple, and vigorously spread the Linzong Ji Yangqi Sect sect style of Jingshan Mountain. In particular, the Tofuku-ji Temple, which he founded, has a wide territory and a magnificent momentum. At Tofuku-ji Temple, Gen-ryō taught The tendai and Shingon Sects centered on Zen, and became known as the "Tofuku-ji School". In 1245, Yuan'er entered the palace to present and preach the "Records of the Mirror of the Sect" to Emperor Gosaga, and his reputation was greatly enhanced. Emperor Go-Saga, Emperor Kameyama, and Emperor Fukasa were ordained with TheRaku. In 1257, Yuan'er also taught the Great Ming Record to Hojo Shirai, the powerful ruler of the shogunate, demonstrating his talents in Song studies and Chinese. Yuan'er Kanen was another Zen leader in Japan after Eisei, and after his death was given the title of "Holy One Nation Master" by the Emperor.
When he returned to Japan, he brought back the seeds of Theoyama tea and planted them in the village of Azukubo, Abe County, Shizuoka Prefecture. That area is the home of the Circle OfFirst. Subsequently, according to the guidance of the circle, people produced a high-grade Japanese matcha tea according to the preparation method of the trail camellia, known as Honyama tea. Since then, tea cultivation technology has gradually spread throughout Shizuoka Prefecture, and now Shizuoka tea production accounts for more than half of Japan's total tea production, and Shizuoka Prefecture's per capita tea consumption ranks first among all regions in Japan. Today's people in the tea industry in Shizuoka Prefecture also worship Yuan'er Kanji Temple when new tea is listed every year.
When Yuan'er returned from Jingshan, he brought a volume of "Zen Garden Qinggui", and based on this, combined with the actual situation in Japan, Yuan'er formulated the "Tofukuji Kiyoji". Among them is the tea ceremony that imitates the ceremony of the Trail Camellia Feast. The tea ceremony is one of the norms of life that all monks must observe. In June of the third year of Hong'an (1280) (four months before Yuan'er's death), Yuan'er made eight decisions on the internal affairs of Dongfu-ji Temple, Chengtian-ji Temple, Chongfu-ji Temple, and Shuimi-Wanshou Temple, which he taught the Dharma. The third article of the article says: "Yuan'er obeys the first phase of the jungle rules of the Buddhist supervisor Zen master (no quasi-teacher), and can never retreat." This article means that the jungle norms formulated by Yuan'er according to the model transmitted by the Jingshan Wuzhuan Teacher are the first and most important, and must always be observed and cannot be changed. Naturally, this includes a tea ceremony modelled on the Jingshan Temple's tea feast.
For the formation of the Japanese tea ceremony, the Japanese monk Nampo Shomei, the 40th abbot of Jingshan, played a key role. The Japanese "Examination of Famous Objects" records that "Nampo Shōmei went to Yuhang Jingshan Temple to pass on his dharma, and Shi Wenyong was four years old." He also said, "From the beginning of the tea ceremony, in the middle of the Chikuzen Chongfu Temple, the kaishan Nanpu Shaoming was introduced by the Song." Japan's "Continuing Audiovisual Grass" and "Biography of a High Monk of the Dynasty" both say that Nanpu Shaoming returned to China from the Song Dynasty and brought the "tea table" and "tea props" back to Chongfu Temple.
Minamiura Shōmei, commonly known as Fuji, was a native of Suruga Kingdom (present-day Shizuoka Prefecture). In the first year of the Japanese era (1259), he entered the Song Dynasty to become a famous teacher, and then received the Dharma at the Jingshan Wanshou Zen Temple from the False Hall of the Yangqi Sect of the Linji Sect, and returned to China in the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1267). He was the abbot of Chongfu Temple for 33 years. He was sent to Kyoto, entered the palace to speak Zen for Emperor Kameyama, and was appointed abbot of Manju Zen Temple. Emperor Go-Uta built the Kamoto Zen Temple in Higashiyama and asked him to be the abbot of Kaisan. He was known as the "Yuantong Daying Guoshi", so his legal system was called "Daying Sect".
ShaoMing has more than a thousand disciples, and the famous Zongfeng Miaochao. Munakata Myōsō established Daitoku-ji Temple in Shino, north of Kyoto Castle, and was given the title of "Kozen Headlamp Master" by the Emperor of the Garden.
Nampo Shōmei, Munakata Myōshō, Sekiyama Huixuan, and Cheon Yoshihideo, with Kyoto's Daitoku-ji Temple and Myoshin-ji Temple as the center, are committed to spreading the Linji Sect to various cities and villages, and play a major role in promoting the adaptation of the Linji Sect to Japanese society and realizing the evolution of national culture. This line, also known as the "Ying Dengguan School", has developed greatly after the fifteenth century and is the mainstream school of the Linji Sect in modern Japan. Ichigo Munjo jun and Murata Pearl are from this line.
The Daiyo school of the Namura Shomei lineage was not included in the "Five Mountains and Ten Brakes" by the shogunate during the Muromachi period, and the Daitoku-ji Temple and Myoshin-ji Temple, which belonged to the Daiyo school, were snubbed by the shogunate for a long time and were destroyed by war. In the sixth year of civilization (1474), Ichigo Munjo was appointed abbot of Daitoku-ji Temple, devoting himself to the revival of Daitoku-ji Temple. Ichigo was the son of Emperor Go-Komatsu, who first taught the Go-San Zen monk Zhou Jian and later the abbot of Daitoku-ji Temple, Hua Shu Zongtan. The followers of YiShu are spread from all walks of life and have a wide influence.
Murata Zhuguang, a native of Nara. At the age of 11, Zhu Guang entered the Pure Land Sect Temple and became a monk, and at the age of 20, she left the Temple of Fame and wandered in all directions. At the age of 30, he went to Kyoto's Daitoku-ji Temple(now known as Ichi xiu'an) to study the Zen method of the Yangqi sect of the Linji Sect, and obtained an ink from the Famous Zen Master of the Yangqi Sect, Yuanwu Keqin. The inkblot was written by Ke Qin to his disciple Tiger Qiu Shaolong, and it passed from Shaolong to Yi Xiu's hands. This inkblot is now a treasure of the tea ceremony.
Zhu Guang was born in Nara, where the temples gather, and due to the relationship between the temples, the common people there have a long history of drinking tea. After being influenced by the Nara tea style, Zhuguang practiced zen at Daitoku-ji Temple in Kyoto, came into contact with tea ceremonies and tea props from the Song Dynasty by Somei Minamiura, and introduced Zen enlightenment into the tea drinking culture, thus creating Kusanagi tea, the original form of the Japanese tea ceremony.
Ashikaga Yoshimasa, the eighth shogun of the Muromachi period, lived in seclusion in Higashiyama, Kyoto, and built Ginkaku-ji Temple here. Due to the recommendation of Yoshimasa's cultural attendant and outstanding artist Noh Ami, Murata Zhuguang became the tea ceremony teacher of General Yoshimasa. The pearlescent reform and the synthesis of the popular shoin tea party, cloud foot tea party, sweat tea party, doucha party, etc., combined with the Zen temple tea ceremony, thus creating the Japanese tea ceremony.
In recent years, after the collection and sorting out of Qing regulation materials, Song Dynasty Zen texts, and visiting Japanese monasteries with the lineage of jingshan law, observing and learning the song dynasty tea ceremony that it has preserved to this day, inviting the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and tea experts to repeatedly argue, gradually establishing the process and utensils for the restoration of the jingshan tea ceremony, and cultivating several monks of the temple as full-time "tea head monks".
On May 18, 2010, the "Jingshan Tea Feast" with the Jingshan Zen Temple as its inheritance was included in the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List. In November 2015, the Song Dynasty Jingshan Zen Temple Tea Ceremony was presented for the first time in the Jingshan Zen Hall, and the guests felt the Zen forest Road style of the Song Dynasty Jingshan Zhongxing from the tea party.
Shi Dingxian (Director of Jingshan Zen Cultural Research Institute)