With the popularity of the Internet, everyone can learn more knowledge, but what is more interesting is that although the knowledge that everyone understands has become fragmented, it has also allowed us to discover some mysteries. For example, when we look back at history, we will find a problem, although the feudal dynasties of all generations have their own advantages, they cannot escape the doom of 300 years of destruction.
From the Qin Dynasty, to the powerful Han Dynasty, to the mighty Tang Dynasty, no matter how powerful the dynasty is, it will eventually escape the death knell of 300 years. This point has made many people extremely curious, is it true that in addition to the materialist view of history, there is also a clear concept of the Mandate of Heaven?
Moreover, when everyone can't understand it, we have found an exception in it, and this exception is the Song Dynasty. At a time when many powerful dynasties collapsed in 300 years, this dynasty actually existed for more than 310 years. So the question is, what the hell is going on with all this?
To understand this problem, we must first find out how the feudal dynasty did not exist. According to Mr. Huang Renyu's work, the history of China is actually the history of peasants and land, because our small peasant economy needs a powerful government, so we handed over power to the emperor, and there was an autocratic system, an emperor system.
After that, although we ostensibly look like the emperor and the ministers are competing in many ways over the political system, in fact, all this is only a façade, and in the bones, it is the struggle between the common people and the land that pushes the feudal dynasty forward.
Ever since the Qin Dynasty proposed that all ordinary people should be woven by men and women, and everyone should be bound to the land, China has developed with the land as the core.
But we also know that although there is no bloody capitalist annexation in China, there are very bad landlords who annex land. In the early days, rulers would restrain the nobility with severe punishment laws to prevent the land of the common people from being wiped out, which was also an important means of ensuring their own tax revenue.
But unfortunately, with the evolution of time, the population of ordinary people will increase, so the land that can be occupied will decrease. Moreover, because the feudal system, like the old machine, will become more and more rigid, and the regionalization of interest groups will become more and more obvious, which will make the local estrangement from the central government and then frantically annex the land.
The consequence of this is that the rich have thousands of miles of land, but the poor have no place to stand. In this context, because the political institutions have been solidified, the rulers cannot turn the pattern at all, so the people can only fight from the bottom up.
As recorded in the history books, the Han Dynasty eventually led to the collapse of the central government because of the Yellow Turban Rebellion, and then the peasant regime achieved a new landlord class, which led to the later Jin regime.
It should be said that in the history of thousands of years, our country is such a continuous cycle, constantly from self-denial to self-knowledge.
In this process, many Westerners think that Chinese history is constantly reincarnating, but in fact, this process is somewhat similar to the materialist view, our development is a wave of progress, a spiral of rise. Because of the continuous uprisings and rebellions, the political system has become more and more perfect, and the land and productive forces have been continuously developed and utilized.
After understanding this premise, let's look at history, why can't the feudal dynasty exceed 300 years?
In fact, the answer is also very simple, because the period of a dynasty from the initial nascent state to the later aging causes the common people to overthrow the dynasty themselves, and the period is about 300 years.
Because 300 years is enough for the royal family and aristocratic landlords to form interest areas, the central government is unable to directly intervene in the localities, and the localities frantically form their own interest jurisdiction areas, so land annexation begins again. The actions of these people not only caused the common people to survive, but also made the emperor's rule more and more difficult to maintain, without centralized power there would be division, and the common people would rebel without food, and the empire collapsed in this situation.
Because of this, no matter how powerful the Han Dynasty was, no matter how much it beat foreigners to the ground, it could only collapse helplessly in front of the people's army. As for the Tang Dynasty at that time, it was even more so, no matter how powerful the Tang Dynasty army was, it was useless, and in the face of the peasant uprising of the common people, the government army was still helpless, even the most powerful general in the world could only give in.
So the question is, if there is such a trend throughout the feudal dynasty, why was the Song Dynasty able to avoid this crisis? In fact, when we talk about the Song Dynasty, we may think that this is a very garbage dynasty, and even the rulers of successive generations will spare no effort to smear him, blackening him into a remote and backward dynasty that does not even have orthodox qualifications.
But what we can't deny is that the Song Dynasty has persisted for more than 310 years no matter how bad it is, and has broken the constraint of 300 years, so how is this done?
In fact, the Song Dynasty also had the phenomenon of serious land annexation, and in the face of 300 years of limitations, he could not escape his fate, but the Song Dynasty had some special characteristics compared with other dynasties.
First of all, we need to realize that although the Song Dynasty was very poor, it reached the highest point in history in terms of economy and culture. In terms of economy, he made the domestic social economy revitalized through the development of the commodity economy, so he collected more money. At the same time, the Song Dynasty frantically opened up the Maritime Silk Road and obtained a large amount of money and wealth, so the amount of tax revenue was frightening.
In this context, the Song Dynasty had a lot of money, so he was able to use the money to solve many problems that other dynasties could not solve. To take a simple example, the Song Dynasty also had a serious phenomenon of land annexation, and many ordinary people would become displaced people in Wudi.
How did the Song Dynasty solve the problem of these displaced people? The answer is very simple: directly take the military salary to recruit all the displaced people into the army, let them have a bite to eat, and let them become members of the miscellaneous army. Therefore, if the common people survive, they will naturally not rebel, which greatly curbs the possibility of peasant uprising.
Moreover, the Song Dynasty was very developed in terms of culture, and even proposed the practice of turning Confucianism into a science of science, so that the whole society let the low-level people closely cling to the government in terms of public opinion, and through the so-called various ethics and morality, let everyone dare not rebel at will, which actually avoided the trend of peasant uprisings.
Of course, the above two reasons only account for half of the weight, and the key is because of the other half, that is, the Song Dynasty encountered the invasion of many mutant nomadic peoples such as the Liaoxia Jin Mongols.
We all know that when foreign enemies invade, civil strife will gradually disappear, which is also the transformation of the main contradiction and the secondary contradiction. At that time, the Song Dynasty was almost destroyed, and later the Southern Song Dynasty regime has been bullied by others as grandsons, so the main mood at home is still consistent with the outside world, rather than having to rebel and kill the Song emperor.
It is precisely because of the above reasons that the Song Dynasty escaped the cycle of fate for 300 years, but although he escaped the trend of destruction of the peasants, he failed to stop the Mongol cavalry, and as a result, he only persisted for more than 10 years.
Therefore, although the Song Dynasty escaped the curse of the peasants and the land, it was indeed not worth emulating, and this regime should be regarded as a failed mutant.
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