Chen Qiao mutinied
In the early morning of the next day, that is, the fourth day of the first lunar month in the seventh year of Xiande (960), the famous story of "Chen Qiao Mutiny and Yellow Robe Plus Body" in history finally began.
According to Sima Guang's "Records of Shuishui", in the early morning of this day, Zhao Kuangyin, who was still asleep, did not know what was going on, and saw a large group of people breaking through the door. These people rushed to their beds in a chaotic manner, and without saying anything, they shouted directly at themselves: "The generals have no master, may the lieutenant be the son of heaven." ”
Oh my God, what's the situation? Zhao Kuangyin was blindsided at that time! You are holding the court's Feng Lu, and you are not a good man in the green forest, how can you be "masterless"?
These people did not allow Zhao Kuangyin to refute at all, so they pulled Zhao Kuangyin outside the house. These people ripped off Zhao Kuangyin's clothes and dressed him in a brand new dress, a royal dragon robe that had just been cut and finished!
Just like ten years ago, Zhao Kuangyin completely became Guo Wei, and he finally copied everything Guo Wei had done, coronation "passively" in the same way, dressed "passively" the same, and accepted the worship of the generals as "passively", watching them kneel and bow to themselves, listening to them shout long live to themselves.
A new emperor is finally born!
The above is the approximate process of Zhao Kuangyin's Chen Qiao mutiny and the addition of the yellow robe in the history books. Now, let's briefly review the whole process of this incident.
On the first day of the first lunar month, an urgent military situation came from the north, and Zhao Kuangyin was ordered to lead his troops out on the expedition.
On the second day of the first lunar month, Murong Yanzhao led the vanguard troops to set out, and at the same time, the capital began to circulate a rumor that "the inspection is the son of heaven".
On the third day of the first lunar month, during Zhao Kuangyin's expedition, a spectacle of "two days of mutual beating" appeared in the sky, which also corresponded to Zhao Kuangyin's statement that he was a son of the day. Therefore, all the generals mutinied that night, and they decided to usurp the throne.
On the fourth day of the first lunar month, when Zhao Kuangyin woke up, he "passively" added his body in yellow robes, from a minister in charge of military power to an emperor of a brand-new dynasty.
In just four days, Zhao Kuangyin completed a feat of changing dynasties, and its speed and efficiency were truly jaw-dropping, unique in ancient times!
Looking at the entire process of this coup, Zhao Kuangyin seems to have been unaware and stayed out of the matter, as if he was very innocent and aggrieved, and was completely "forced" to ascend the throne.
However, looking at this incident in detail, you will be surprised to find that this is a well-planned and well-planned drama, and Zhao Kuangyin himself is the general director of this drama!
So, in this drama, what historical questions will there be?
Suspicious sinuses
No historian disputed the course and outcome of the coup.
The only argument is whether the so-called "Chen Qiao coup" for Zhao Kuangyin was a farce that he was forced to ascend to the throne without his knowledge, or a Long-planned, self-written and self-directed New Year blockbuster.
Although from the result, everyone chooses the latter, after all, the throne is not a pie, it is impossible to fall out of thin air, but this contradiction lies in this. Because all the evidence was secretly and secretly destroyed by Zhao Kuangyin, we cannot prove that the "Chen Qiao Mutiny" is a New Year drama written and directed by Zhao Kuangyin.
The only thing we can ask is the three major questions about this case.
Doubt one, is there really military intelligence in the north?
If you trace back to the source, the fuse of Zhao Kuangyin's Chen Qiao mutiny was the joint invasion of the Khitan and the Northern Han. In other words, if the Khitan and the Northern Han Dynasty had not invaded, Zhao Kuangyin would not have been ordered to go on a campaign, let alone launch a coup d'état at ChenQiao.
So, this joint invasion of the Khitan and the Northern Han Dynasty, did it have or did not have it?
Looking at the historical data, whether it is the "History of the Old Five Dynasties", "The History of the Song", "Zizhi Tongjian", "Continuing Zizhi Tongjian Long Compilation", or the "Khitan Chronicle of the Enemy State", this event is clearly recorded: in the first month of the seventh year of Xiande (960), Liu Jun of the Northern Han Dynasty did unite with the Khitan and invade the Great Zhou Empire together.
Of course, it is also entirely possible for the enemy country to raise troops at this time, after all, the Great Zhou "lord and the country are suspicious", and at this time when the transfer of power is unstable, the Northern Han and the Khitan take advantage of each other, which is also the common sentiment of people, and there is nothing wrong with it.
So, is the truth of history really the records in the history books?
Among these books, the "History of the Old Five Dynasties" is a book compiled by Zhao Kuangyin; the "History of Song" is a book compiled by Zhao Heng of The True Emperor of Song; the other "Zizhi Tongjian" and "Continuing Zizhi TongjianChang", which are the "reprints" of the books of the previous dynasty by later generations. After all, after more than half a century, it is good to be able to record it, who still goes to find human evidence and physical evidence!
Therefore, under this constant "reprinting", the real history of the previous dynasty has either been covered up by others, or it has been modified into the current form and become our conventional history.
As for the "Khitan Chronicle", looking at the name is quite frightening, it is a historical book of the enemy country, in fact, it is not such a thing at all!
This so-called "Khitan Guozhi" is a history book compiled by the Southern Song Dynasty for the Liao State, and its main contents are all copied from the "History of the Old Five Dynasties", "History of the Song Dynasty", "Zizhi Tongjian" and other books, and the copyright has been slightly changed.
In a word, all the books that record the joint troops of the Northern Han and khitans today are all derived from the History of the Song Dynasty. Taizu Shilu" is a supplement and explanation of this book. And for this "Record of Taizu", we are not easy to say.
Since the information in the "History of Song" is inaccurate, then look at the other materials, the "History of Liao" written specifically for the Khitans, we can find a different answer.
According to the "History of Liao", the so-called "Han-Liao joint military exercise" was not mentioned at all. On the contrary, the History of Liao records another event.
It turned out that during the Spring Festival of this year, when Zhao Kuangyin's yellow robe was added, the Liao people were indeed not idle. Of course, people are not sending troops to fight, but are busy calming down civil unrest.
According to the History of Liao. The Biography of Mu Zong records:
In December of the ninth year (959) of the ninth year of Emperor Muzong of Liao, under the wise leadership of the "Three Sleeping Kings", the Liao prince Enemy Lie, former Xuanhui envoys HaiSi and Xiao Dagan rebelled, and were finally suppressed by Yelü Jing. Subsequently, Yelü Jing was both a sacrifice to heaven and a confession, reporting to God and the patriarchs on the counter-rebellion, so that they could rejoice with him, and so on.
Winter December Pengyin, also in Beijing. Gengchen, the prince of the enemy Lie, the former Xuanhui envoy Haisi and Xiao Dagan and other rebels, the matter is clear. Xin Wei, Qi Tiandi, Zu Kao, sued the party and failed. Bing Shen, summoned the group of ministers to discuss current politics.
In the first month of the spring of the tenth year, before the Zhou Dian, Zhao Kuangyin abolished Zhou Li and founded the Song Dynasty.
- "History of Liao. Volume 6 Ji Mu Zong Shang
In other words, at the time of Zhao Kuangyin's "Chen Qiao Mutiny", the Liao State itself was very busy, mo said that the invasion of Hou Zhou was, that is, Hou Zhou took the initiative to sacrifice a piece of land, and liao guo did not have time to take it.
On the contrary, the other Northern Han of this coalition army, you still forget him, if your "father" does not fight, you will lend Liu Jun ten guts, and he will not dare to come alone!
In addition, according to the performance of the ministers, it can also be explained from another aspect that this joint invasion is very strange and suspicious.
When the news of Zhao Kuangyin's yellow robes was returned to the capital, the wen and wu officials looked at each other and had no way to do anything. Prime Minister Fan Qian could only grab the hand of Vice Chancellor Wang Pu and scolded loudly: "Hastily dispatching generals, the sins of my generation are also!" Later, because Prime Minister Fan Zhi grasped too hard, so that his fingernails sank into Wang Pu's flesh, almost bleeding, and finally Wang Pu screamed in pain.
It can be seen from Fan Qian's performance and this sentence that they should have some doubts about the intelligence of the Liao army going south, but they did not have time to confirm it, and they hastily let Zhao Kuangyin send troops, which caused today's great tragedy.
Doubt two, where did the yellow robe come from?
What is the Yellow Robe? The yellow robe is the symbol of the world, and it is the proof of its own kinghood! Therefore, in that era of imperial despotism, in addition to the emperor himself, let alone wearing a yellow robe, there is nothing to collect a few pieces, that is, he also feels that he has lived enough and is ready to be planted by the Nine Tribes!
It can be seen that because the dragon robe is not easy to find, ordinary people can not have, so when Guo Wei's yellow robe was added, it was because of the lack of it, so he found a broken yellow flag, so it was a make-up.
So, the question here is, where did Zhao Kuangyin's dragon robe come from?
Don't tell me that this dragon robe was left by the "two suns" or that the soldiers rushed to make it overnight.
The verses in Yue Mengquan's "Miscellaneous Sayings of the Green Snow Pavilion" of the Ming Dynasty are the best annotations to this matter.
When Chen Qiao mutinied, he did not know whether he was afraid or not.
The yellow robe is not an ordinary thing, and who believes in the army occasionally gets it.
It can be seen that for Zhao Kuangyin, if this yellow robe was not prepared in advance, it is estimated that even he himself would not believe it. And what he wants this thing to do, the result is self-evident.
Suspicious point three, the reaction of the Zhao family.
According to historical records, when the news of Zhao Kuangyin's yellow robe was transmitted to the capital, Zhao Kuangyin's mother, Du Shi, the old lady did not panic a little, but she did not hurry and said: "My son has a lofty ambition in his heart, and today he really did it." ”
In addition, Mrs. Du also added with a smile: "Wu'er's life is strange, everyone is extremely expensive, and why worry." ”
It can be seen that even if there are sons who have sent troops to rebel, the mother is still at home talking about the truth of laughter. Therefore, there was only one explanation for Mrs. Du's performance: Zhao Kuangyin wanted to replace the matter of the later week, which was definitely not a matter of one day or two days, even in her own mother's place, this was no secret.
Therefore, for this period of history, the Ming dynasty Yue Zhengzeng once gave a poem "Song Taizu" to praise:
The mother of the family knows that the child has ambitions, but the others have no heart.
The historian also carries the non-xianglu, and the future generations know that the fee is sought.
In addition, Zhao Kuangyin's proper arrangement of his family strengthened the view of this poem.
It turned out that before he was ordered to go on the expedition, Zhao Kuangyin secretly transferred his family and placed them all in the Dingguo Temple in the city. It can be seen that if Zhao Kuangyin did not want to do something earth-shattering, why did he want to transfer his family? He simply saw the lessons of the past, afraid that his family would follow the old path of Guo Wei's family and be slaughtered by the emperor of the capital!
Therefore, although these above-mentioned histories are some wild history notes of later generations, and some things are not entirely credible, however, judging from the safe and sound performance of Zhao Kuangyin's family after the mutiny, Zhao Kuangyin did make some arrangements to prevent problems before they happened.
At this point, by analyzing these three major doubts, whether Zhao Kuangyin was "forced to helplessly" ascend the throne, or whether he directed himself to perform a farce, and the people's hearts have their own public opinions, I will no longer expound the characterization.
Of course, no matter how suspicious history is, the fact that Zhao Kuangyin ascended the throne and became emperor has become a fact and can no longer be changed.
In the seventh year of later Zhou Xiande (960), after the "confused" yellow robe was added, this spirited and freshly baked Emperor Zhao immediately issued his first holy decree: "All the people will obey the order, you covet wealth and wealth, and support me as a son, then you must obey my command." ”
Upon hearing this, the crowd immediately brushed and fell to their knees, and they replied to Zhao Kuangyin, "Only orders obey." ”
Very good, I want this effect. After seeing that the generals were completely obedient to him, Zhao Kuangyin immediately made a covenant with the generals and promulgated the famous "Three Chapters of the Covenant Law":
First, we are all courtiers of the Young Emperor and The Empress, and we must not bully their orphans and widows.
Second, the civil and military officials of the Later Zhou Dynasty were all good comrades of ours, and they were not allowed to bully them, let alone kill a single person indiscriminately.
Third, after the army entered the capital, it was not allowed to take a needle and a thread from the people...
Those who obey these orders of mine, after the fact, will be rewarded with a lot, and those who disobey will all destroy the Nine Tribes!
At this point, after listening to these words, the answer of the crowd was also very painful, just one word - no!
Therefore, Zhao Kuangyin ordered the three armies to return.
Before the army set off, Zhao Kuangyin secretly sent two people to return to the capital at the first time to do two things for themselves.
The so-called "private affair" is that Zhao Kuangyin sent Chu Zhaofu, Miao Banxian's deputy, to sneak into Kaifeng Province before the big troops, to protect his family, and by the way, tell them: The emperor takes turns to do it, and today when he comes to my house, we have a super lottery in our house!
It can be seen that this thing is easy to do, and even a beautiful difference.
Think about it, in that society at that time, those who came to the door to announce the good news and won the title could get a large reward, not to mention an envoy who said that he was "the honor of the Ninth Five-Year Plan", which did not guarantee that you would be prosperous and rich in your life, and the golden ticket was huge...
The so-called "official affair" means that Zhao Kuangyin wants to send an official back to Beijing to tell the three prime ministers, as well as Han Tong, the little emperor, and his mother-in-law Empress Dowager, that now that my identity of Zhao Kuangyin is no longer what it used to be, your identity must also change!
So, what is this like? Zhao Kuangyin let this person enter the palace alone, and then told the current monarch Chai Zongxun: "Your boy quickly rolled me down, because this position has been changed!" ”
To get this task, let's imagine that even if Chai Zongxun instigates him again, he will be able to directly cut off the head of this messenger.
In the history of China, has there been such an unfortunate lord who is not pleasing to the eye, and even leads to the disaster of killing?
Don't even say, there is such a person!
This person is the founding father of the Tang Dynasty, Wei Chi Jingde.
In the xuanwumen revolution that changed Chinese history, Wei Chi Jingde personally beheaded Li Yuanji (Li Shimin's third brother) and calmly cut off the heads of him and his crown prince Li Jiancheng. Later, when he saw this bloodied and murderous Wei Chi Jingde, Li Shimin pondered: "This image can be!" So, dear Comrade Chi Jingde, I would like to ask you to go into the palace and protect my father and emperor. ”
Of course, Li Shimin's "protection" order is just a gentle statement, and what its true content is, that is really Sima Zhao's heart, and passers-by know it.
Of course, the person who forced the palace was, after all, Wei Chi Jingde, one of the two gods of China! I would like to ask Zhao Kuangyin's current subordinates, who has the skills and courage of this big black man?
In the end, Zhao Kuangyin's eyes fell on a general. Although this general was very young, his official position was very humble, and he had been unknown before, Zhao Kuangyin clearly knew that this person would definitely not live up to his expectations, and he would definitely be able to do this well!
The ironclad facts proved that Zhao Kuangyin really did not look away, this man was extremely courageous, he not only completed this arduous task, but also soon after, alone, he went deep into the enemy territory and completed an even more appalling feat!
This person is the famous general of the Northern Song Dynasty, Pan Mei. Of course, if you like the folk interpretation, you can also add a "ren" word to the name of this general.
For more content, please pay attention to "The Song Dynasty is really very material (the upper Part of the Northern Song Dynasty set is a total of 7 volumes)", Jingdong full 100 minus 50, dangdang network 5.9% off free shipping ~
#pgc-card .pgc-card-href { text-decoration: none; outline: none; display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; } #pgc-card .pgc-card-href:hover { text-decoration: none; } /*pc 样式*/ .pgc-card { box-sizing: border-box; height: 164px; border: 1px solid #e8e8e8; position: relative; padding: 20px 94px 12px 180px; overflow: hidden; } .pgc-card::after { content: " "; display: block; border-left: 1px solid #e8e8e8; height: 120px; position: absolute; right: 76px; top: 20px; } .pgc-cover { position: absolute; width: 162px; height: 162px; top: 0; left: 0; background-size: cover; } .pgc-content { overflow: hidden; position: relative; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%); transform: translateY(-50%); } .pgc-content-title { font-size: 18px; color: #222; line-height: 1; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; } .pgc-content-desc { font-size: 14px; color: #444; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; padding-top: 9px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.2em; display: -webkit-inline-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; } .pgc-content-price { font-size: 22px; color: #f85959; padding-top: 18px; line-height: 1em; } .pgc-card-buy { width: 75px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 50px; color: #406599; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; } .pgc-buy-text { padding-top: 10px; } .pgc-icon-buy { height: 23px; width: 20px; display: inline-block; background: url(https://lf1-cdn-tos.bytescm.com/obj/cdn-static-resource/pgc/v2/pgc_tpl/static/image/commodity_buy_f2b4d1a.png); }
The Song Dynasty is indeed very material (the upper part of the Northern Song Dynasty set of 7 volumes) ¥253.3 to buy