This article is an intensive reading of Chinese history serial 233, "Song Dynasty History" serial 01 (click to view the previous part), welcome to watch.
In June 959, when Chai Rong, who was in his prime, suddenly fell ill and died, Later Zhou Chancellor Fan Zhi was ordered by Gu to help Chai Rong's youngest son, Chai Zongxun, who was only five years old, succeed him as emperor.
From Zhu Wen's destruction of the Tang Dynasty in 907 to the death of Zhou Shizong, the division of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms has lasted for half a century. In just 53 years, the dynasties of the Central Plains have changed five dynasties, with eight surnames and thirteen emperors coming to power. Many of these emperors were like historical passers-by in a hurry, relying on the military power in their hands to ascend to the emperor's throne in a mutiny, and soon they were driven off the throne like a marquee by the arrogant generals.
Zhou Shizong was an emperor of the five generations who had made more achievements; he implemented a series of measures to restore production and develop the economy, severely punished corrupt officials and corrupt officials, selected talents out of the ordinary, attached importance to the legal system, and in particular, in view of the accumulated habits of the past, which were difficult to control by arrogant and fierce generals, began to straighten out the army, strictly enforced military discipline, established an elite forbidden army directly controlled by the imperial court, and strengthened centralized power. All this greatly strengthened the political, economic and military power of the following week.
On this basis, Zhou Shizong also embarked on a war of unification, successively capturing the Later Shu-controlled Qin (present-day Tianshui, Gansu), Feng (present-day eastern Fengxian, Shaanxi), Cheng (Chengxian, Gansu), Jie (Wudu, Gansu), and the fourteen prefectures of Jiangbei and Huainan controlled by the Southern Tang. He also attacked the Khitan north, capturing the three prefectures of Ning (former Qing County, Hebei), Mo (Renqiu, Hebei), and Ying (Hejian in Hebei) occupied by the Khitans, as well as the three passes of Waqiao, Yijin, and Sikou. The situation of five generations of division is showing signs of an end.
However, on the way to attack the Khitan in the north, Zhou Shizong had to return to his division due to illness, and soon after returning to Kaifeng, he fell ill and died. At this time, an unstable atmosphere of "doubts about the lord and the country" appeared in the later week, and a coup plan planned by a military general who held military power was also brewing.
Zhou Shizong once assisted his adoptive father Guo Wei in raising an army to destroy the Later Han and establish the Later Zhou. He was somewhat guarded against the seizure of power by military generals. He once ordered the forbidden army general Zhao Kuangyin to select particularly strong people from the "strong men" recruited from all over the capital and organize them into the imperial guards, as the emperor's su wei pro-army, so that the dianqian classes under the command of the dianqian division became the most elite troops in the forbidden army.
On his way to the Khitan Dynasty, he saw a piece of wood with the inscription "Dianjian to be the Son of Heaven", and became suspicious, and before his death, he deposed Zhang Yongde (the son-in-law of Guo Wei, the grandfather of later Zhou), who was the most important post of the Forbidden Army, and promoted Zhao Kuangyin to be the commander of the dianqian capital. However, he never expected that it was this Zhao Kuangyin who he thought he could trust in seizing the power of Later Zhou.
Zhao Kuangyin (赵匡胤), whose ancestral home was Zhuo Commandery (涿郡), was a senior general of the Later Zhou Dynasty. Zhao Kuangyin was deeply appreciated by Zhou Shizong for his many military achievements in later Zhou. Entrusted by Emperor Shizong of Zhou, he selected the most powerful warriors to form the "Classes in Front of the Palace", and then directly commanded the most elite troops in the Forbidden Army with the command of yu hou and the head of the palace.
In this way, Zhao Kuangyin firmly established his authority in this most elite forbidden army and cultivated his own forces in this army.
Before Zhou Shizong died of illness, he became the commander of the Imperial Front Division, holding the most important military power in Later Zhou, and many of the generals of the Forbidden Army were also close associates of Zhao Kuangyin.
Once Zhou Shizong died, there was no one in Later Zhou who could compete with Zhao Kuangyin.
During the Five Dynasties period, whoever had military power had the capital to be an emperor. In the turbulent atmosphere of "the lord and the few countries doubting the lord" that appeared in the later Zhou Dynasty when Zhou Shizong suddenly fell ill and died in his prime, it was inevitable that Zhao Kuangyin would seize power.
In November 959, urgent reports from Zhenzhou (in present-day Zhengding, Hebei) and Dingzhou (in present-day Dingxian County, Hebei) reached Kaifeng. It is said that the Northern Han Dynasty, which had divided Shanxi, joined the Khitan army to attack Hou Zhou. Later Zhou's ruling chancellor Fan Zhi and others did not distinguish between true and false, that is, on the first day of the first month of the first month in 960 AD, they decided to send Zhao Kuangyin to lead an army to resist.
This gave Zhao Kuangyin a rare opportunity to launch a mutiny. As soon as the army was mobilized, public opinion appeared in Kaifeng City that "the book was checked as the son of heaven."
The people who specifically organized the mutiny were Zhao Kuangyin's younger brother Zhao Kuangyi (later renamed Guangyi) and his close confidant Zhao Pu.
On the third day of the first lunar month, Zhao Kuangyin led a large army to leave the capital, and that night, he reached Chen Qiaoyi, forty miles northeast of Kaifeng, and the mutiny plan was put into effect.
On this night, some of Zhao Kuangyin's cronies first spread the discussion among the generals, saying that the current emperor was young, and even if the soldiers had the strength to break the enemy, they would have no place to receive merit and rewards, so it was better to support Zhao Kuangyin as emperor and then set off on the northern expedition.
The generals' mutiny mood was soon instigated. At this time, Zhao Kuangyin pretended to be drunk and went to sleep, and Zhao Pu came forward and demanded that the soldiers who participated in the mutiny strictly manage the non-commissioned officers and not take advantage of the mutiny to plunder, so as to stabilize the hearts of the people in the capital and ensure the smooth progress of the "Xingwang Yi surname".
In the early morning of the next day, Zhao Kuangyi and Zhao Pu led the mutinous soldiers to see Zhao Kuangyin. Zhao Kuangyin pretended to be drunk and did not wake up, and slowly got up, and the general immediately draped the yellow robe of the emperor's ascension to the throne prepared before zhao Kuangyin and bowed down to the title of long live.
This is the famous "yellow robe plus body" in history.
After Chen Qiao's mutiny, Zhao Kuangyin quickly returned to Kaifeng.
Shi Shouxin and Wang Zhenqi, the main forbidden generals of the garrison capital, both had personal relations with Zhao Kuangyin and were Zhao Kuangyin's "righteous brothers". As soon as the Chen Qiao Mutiny was launched, Zhao Pu sent someone to contact them. As soon as Zhao Kuangyin returned to Kaifeng, Shi Shouxin and Wang Zhenqi immediately responded to Kaicheng.
Among the generals of the Later Zhou Forbidden Army in Kaifeng, only the deputy commander of the guard army Ma Bujun made Han Tong want to lead his troops to resist in a hurry, but before he could gather the army, he was killed by the military academy Wang Yansheng. Chen Qiao mutinied and took control of the capital of Later Zhou, Kaifeng, without bloodshed.
At this time, Later Zhou Chancellor Fan Qian and others knew that it would be a great deception to rush to dispatch them without distinguishing between the true and false military situations, but they had no choice but to bow down to Zhao Kuangyin and help Zhao Kuangyin hold the ceremony of the Zen Dynasty.
Zhao Kuangyin officially ascended the throne as emperor and renamed Emperor Chai Zongxun of Later Zhou as King Zheng. Because Zhao Kuangyin was appointed as an envoy to the German army in later Zhou, the seat of the town was Song Prefecture (Shangqiu, Henan), so he took Song as the state name and set the capital kaifeng.
This Song Dynasty, with Kaifeng as its capital, was historically known as the Northern Song Dynasty. After zhao kuangyin's death, he was honored as the Taizu of Song.
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The content of this article is compiled from the "History of the Song Dynasty" of the Chinese reading book "Classic Chinese General History" jointly created by China International Broadcasting Publishing House and "Reading History".
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