Hello everyone! I'm Xiao Wu, welcome back to brain hole utopia.
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In the genius bomber Ted. In Kasinski's video, we mention that many people believe that Kasinski's crazy behavior is entirely because he was a victim of the CIA's secret human experiments. It was that experiment that changed his life and his faith. Although Kasinsky denied in court that he had any mental problems, he still left us with a question: What did the government do to the subjects of the experiment that year? Today we will talk about the tragic MKUltra project.
● MKUltra background
In the early 1950s, after the end of the Korean War, some soldiers who returned to the United States showed sympathy for the enemy, and some even did not want to return to the United States. The CIA, the CIA, was established two years after the end of World War II. In 1953 the newly appointed director of the CIA, Alan M. Dulles argued that communist countries, especially the Soviet Union, a superpower hostile to the United States at the time, might have inflicted terrible brainwashing on American soldiers. Dulles called soviet brain-twisting technology effective and abhorrent. Some American soldiers who had just returned from North Korea even began to preach the benefits of communism. This undoubtedly worries the U.S. government. So in 1953, with the approval of the U.S. government, the CIA and the Canadian government began secretly planning an experimental project to control the potential of the human brain, MKUltra.
MKUltra is not a separate experimental plan. It is a secret experimental network of more than 100 sub-projects. More than 80 universities and institutions in the United States and Canada participated in the experiment. None of the subjects were told the truth. That is to say, they had no idea that they were in a terrible human trial at the time. Some of the most famous sub-projects include Bluebird, Artichoke, MKSearch, MKNAOMI, and many more.
The Bluebird Bluebird experiment, which began in 1950, was later renamed Artichoke in 1951. These experimental projects, which mainly study interrogation techniques and thought control, are the predecessors of MKUltra. In the CIA materials published in 1975, it was shown that Artichoke mainly used some special agents to improve the quality of interrogation, which is what we call the truth-telling agent. Eventually, in 1953, the Artichoke project officially evolved into MKUltra.
Sub-project 68 in MKUltra is currently considered one of the most tragic projects. The project was headed by Donald Evan Cameron, a psychiatrist from Scotland. He was president of both the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and the Canadian Psychiatric Association at the time. Although he has a high reputation in the industry, he is a true Frankenstein. He once invented a method called Psychic Driving to treat schizophrenia. Try to erase the patient's existing memories and then reprogram their psychology. So how do you erase existing memories? The simplest approach is electric shock, and it can be said that the MKUltra project provides Cameron with an ideal experimental environment for madness. In a collaboration with the CIA, Cameron also used a large number of hallucinogenic drugs, by injecting a large amount of the drug into the subject at once, leaving them unconscious for several weeks. Loop a murmur or simple phrase like "You killed your parents" during a coma. Thus trying to brainwash the subject. The most typical hallucinogen he uses is LSD, full name lysergic acid diethylamide, after the subject is injected with LSD, the light is hallucinations, auditory hallucinations, out of control, logical confusion and other symptoms, losing the most basic judgment ability, heavy or dead. The subjects didn't understand why their world had suddenly changed completely. Now some experts have simulated the illusion that appears after taking LSD.
Sub-project 68 was conducted at the prestigious Allen Memorial Hospital in Montreal, Canada. The subjects were selected as unsuspecting patients who came to the hospital for treatment at the time. And such an experiment, far from curing their disease, even caused them permanent damage. Some people came out of the hospital and could only remember their names, forgot their families, and even thought that the interrogators involved in the experiment were their parents. There are some people who experience symptoms such as incontinence, amnesia, aphasia, etc.
Bob. Logie was one of many victims of the MKUltra project. In 1956, when Bob was 18 years old, he came to Allen Memorial Hospital to treat psychosomatic leg pain, which is a kind of psychosomatic disease. The so-called psychosomatic disorder, simply put, does not belong to somatic dysfunction, but is physical discomfort caused by psychological factors. Bob was unknowingly injected with LSD multiple times as a guinea pig. His most obvious feeling was that he was getting smaller and smaller, and at one point he even felt like a newborn. After being injected with LSD, when the paramedics asked him any questions, he had no way to control his answers, as if he had been led away.
Bob said that after he left the hospital, he did not know that he had been injected with LSD in the hospital, but he felt that it was difficult to return to normal life, unable to concentrate, unable to do a job for a long time. This uneasiness and anxiety forced Bob to return to Allen Memorial Hospital in 1959. This time, Cameron not only continued to inject Bob with LSD, but even began to experiment with psychological control on him. They injected Bob with a lot of drugs, put him to sleep for 23 days straight, shocked him during his sleep, and repeatedly played a recording. Finally, after he wakes up, try to hypnotize him to test whether he is impressed by the contents of the recordings.
Sub-project 54 is also known as Perfect Concussion. It was once a top secret of the U.S. Navy. The experimental project aims to use radar or infrasound waves to resonate with the human brain, thus eliminating the subject's memory, just like a concussion. The project began with monkeys and some other animals. The experimenters violently shook the monkey's head back and forth to test whether it caused temporary amnesia. In 1977, after the CIA documents were published under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act, the U.S. Senate held a hearing on the MKUltra program. According to the materials of the hearing, the perfect concussion experiment may cause permanent damage to the brain.
Experimenters once aimed radar sound waves at the monkeys' brains, putting them into deep sleep. It turns out that if you go into too much sleep, there is a possibility of harming the temperature-regulating center of the hypothalamus. But in the only remaining documents on MKUltra, there is no record of perfect oscillation experiments on humans.
The alias for sub-project No. 3 is "Midnight Climax Experiment", and we can roughly guess some of the contents of this experiment from the name. The project was carried out by the U.S. Army, the Federal Prohibition Agency's Narcotics Division, and senior CIA agents. To implement this project, the CIA built 3 special safe houses, which are actually serviced apartments. But each room has been specially modified. The room was fitted with one-way glass, which could monitor every move inside from the outside, but could not see the outside inside.
During the day, the Federal Prohibition Agency confiscates and controls drugs and drugs that appear on the market on the grounds of preventing the circulation of psychotropic substances. In the evening, the CIA and the Prohibition Bureau hired prostitutes with heavy makeup to distribute the drugs to strange men on the streets of San Francisco and New York, luring them into the CIA's special safe houses. Unsuspecting men were poured one free cocktail after another by these pretty girls. The walls of the safe house are plastered with various art paintings of men and women having sex and even sexual abuse. Stimulated by the senses, coupled with the effect of alcohol, men begin to get a little lost. Just when they thought they had taken advantage of the situation and could have a free sex, the prostitutes began to add LSD to their cocktails. Dozens of CIA agents stood behind the glass window of the room, holding notebooks, waiting to record the men's reactions. The agents watched the spring palace one after another in a cold room, adjusting the dose of LSD again and again to achieve the best effect they thought. The CIA and the Prohibition Bureau didn't have to worry that the prostitutes who worked for them would leak their secrets, because even if they told them, the men who had been hooked would not admit what had happened to them.
According to records, some people have come to the safe house for 77 consecutive days to have fun, and have completely fallen into the pleasure brought by LSD, and they can no longer distinguish between reality and illusion. At one point, he even pointed blankly at the toilet and asked the prostitute next to him, "Did you see the shark in the toilet?"
Not only innocent people, the CIA does not even spare its own people. November 18, 1953, was an ordinary Wednesday. Several senior CIA staff members were invited to attend a secret meeting at a deep creek lakeside lodge in Maryland. The person who sent the invitation was none other than the director of the CIA's Technical Services, Sidney Gottlieb, who is also the head and coordinator of the entire MKUltra program. Also in attendance was his assistant, Robert M. Rush Brook. The secret meeting was actually a gathering of the technical departments and associated scientists of the MKUltra program, who needed to exchange ideas on a regular basis and discuss experimental projects. On the evening of November 19, after the meeting, MKUltra's program chief, Sidney, proposed a drink to celebrate. The assistant poured each person a glass of brandy. But when it was his turn and Sidney's turn, he picked up another bottle of wine from the side. At the time, no one doubted the assistant's move. It wasn't until twenty minutes later that everyone felt strange. The scientists immediately realized they had been given LSD. But at that time, it was impossible to control his own consciousness. Everyone began to get grumpy, loud and noisy, unable to have any conversation rationally, and it was not until the next morning that the situation improved. But the unusual reaction of one of the CIA staff members who attended the meeting that day, Frank Olson, didn't end so quickly. He fell into a deep depression after returning from a party in Maryland, feeling that his life had lost its purpose, and he began to become anxious and even wanted to quit his job at the CIA. On November 23, 1953, Frank found his boss, Vincent Ruwet, and began pouring out his doubts and fears, even begging his superiors to fire him, or that he could resign. Vincent tried to comfort Frank that his job was excellent and recognized. It took a lot of effort to finally stabilize Frank. At that time, the MKUltra project was officially launched for more than half a year, and it was one of the top secrets of the government, with no more than 20 insiders.
When Frank joined the Task Force, he was informed of the serious consequences of the leak. It is impossible for the CIA and the U.S. and Canadian governments to allow anyone in the know to leave without permission. Frank was one of the first scientific elites to be sent to the Maryland Biological Warfare Laboratory during World War II.
Among his colleagues were some Nazi German scientists who had been secretly brought to the United States. At the Biowarm Laboratory, Frank's field of research is "how to spread pathogens in the air." For a time, he and his colleagues worked on using aerosol technology to spray bacteria or toxins at enemies and how to fend off such attacks.
Frank soon became an authority in the field and, in early 1953, officially joined the CIA. Sidney, the executive head of the MKUltra program, invited Frank to join his Special Operations Group.
However, in the course of the experiment, Frank once witnessed the subject die of convulsions due to inhaling poisonous gas and spitting white foam. I have also seen the use of drugs, hypnosis and torture on interrogated persons during horrific and inhuman interrogations. In the lab, Frank is responsible for projects that involve poisoning animals or releasing poison gas. His son once recalled that Dad went to work every morning and saw rows of dead monkeys. It made him miserable and he wasn't fit to do this. Frank had doubts about his work, and his suspicions no doubt disturbed those above.
Six days after returning from the Maryland secret meeting, Frank was still in poor shape. His superiors had to report the situation to Sidney. Sidney suggested sending Frank to a psychiatrist in New York for treatment for a while. Frank himself agreed, as he was keen to get out of that terrible state as quickly as possible. But I didn't expect that the journey in New York had become a road of no return.
On November 27, 1953, Frank finished seeing a doctor and was accompanied by Sidney's assistant at the Stadler Hotel on Seventh Avenue in Manhattan, New York City.
At 2 a.m. on November 28, the hotel's duty manager heard the sound of glass being smashed, followed by a heavy muffled sound. He ran out of the hotel, stunned by the scene in front of him, and Frank, who was only 43 years old, fell from a building and died. At the end of November, the whole of the United States was still immersed in the Christmas atmosphere. Frank's wife and 3 children had to watch their husband and father being buried in a hurry. The family never saw Frank's body. Frank's death report revealed that he had committed suicide by jumping off a building, because the body's face and neck were severely torn and unrecognizable, so the coffin was buried without being opened.
Frank Olson's death did not immediately halt the MKUltra program. According to the data, the entire project was stopped in 1972, when Sidney retired.
In 1972, before the then CIA took office, he ordered the destruction of most of the reports and materials related to the MKUltra project. They thought that this would allow this heinous secret experiment to quietly withdraw from the stage of history. In 1974, however, a New York Times story shattered that tranquility. The report pointed out that the CIA had fed LSD hallucinogens to unsuspecting people in many areas, and the matter exploded in society for a while. Countless people have emerged and told their own stories and LSD's.
In 1977, thanks to the U.S. Disclosure of Information Act, the remaining 20,000 or so MKUltra-related documents were made public. At the same time, Frank Olson's family also filed a lawsuit with the CIA, arguing that Frank's death was not officially called "suicide."
In 1984, Frank's wife, Alice, approached Sidney, the former director of the MKUltra project. That year, Sidney told Alice the truth. He said that in November 1953, at the Deep Creek Lake Lodge conference, several scientists were indeed given LSD. Because that was part of his experimental plan, he wanted to see what would happen if high-ranking intellectuals were drugged, would they leak secrets? Sidney says everything he does is patriotic, just maybe a little too much. This is also the closest Sidney has ever made to confession.
After Alice Olson's death in 1994, her son Eric buried them together according to his parents' wishes. Before burying his mother, Eric plucked up the courage to ask someone to dig up his father's body. More than 40 years later, the autopsy was again. The result was almost the same as Eric had conjectured. There were no shards of glass on his father's head or neck, which was clearly inconsistent with his claim that he had jumped out of the window. Even stranger, Frank was found lying on his back, but the skull above his left eye was deformed. Eric believes that his father's unexpected death was not because he was a lucky experimental guinea pig. Rather, it was because there were fears that he had deliberately solved him by leaking secrets.
In fact, the night Frank flew out of the window, the hotel operator said that Frank and the room he was staying in had a phone call after the incident. The operator eavesdropped on the contents of the call. The person who made the call was Sidney's assistant, who said "he's gone," and there was silence on the other end of the phone for a few seconds, saying "That's too bad." Then I hung up the phone. Years later, according to the information released by the CIA, Sidney's assistant called Sidney before calling the police that night, so did he say that the person on the other end of the phone was Sidney?
In the end, the CIA reached an out-of-court settlement with the Olsen family in compensation of $559,000.
After the MKUltra information was revealed, the CIA was accused of far more than just olsen's family.
Sarah. annie. Johnson grew up hearing from elders in his family that his grandmother, Verma, had been a subject on the MKUltra project.
In 1956, Due to postpartum depression, Verma voluntarily went to the Psychiatric Hospital of Allen Memorial Hospital for treatment. Because Cameron was well-known in the field of psychiatry, Verma was even glad that she could become Cameron's patient. She wanted to cooperate with all the doctor's requests as much as possible and cure the disease as soon as possible.
Over the next three years, however, Verma repeatedly visited the Allen Memorial Hospital Hospital. During this period, her condition not only did not improve, but even deteriorated, and eventually there was a fission of personality. It wasn't until more than 20 years later, when the CIA documents were exposed, that Verma and her family learned that they had become guinea pigs in a brainwashing experiment. Shocked, Verma was furious and determined to take the CIA to court. But she also knew that her odds of winning were slim. How could she possibly confront the CIA with her strength?
Even so, Vilma decided to give it a try. In 1980, she and eight other victims of the MKUltra program filed a lawsuit against the CIA for funding cameron's experimental project. Initially, they each claimed $1 million from the CIA and demanded a public apology. In 1988, the two sides reached a settlement, and each received only $80,000 in compensation. Verma died in 1998. Granddaughter Sarah. Johnson looked back on it for years to understand why it took his grandmother weeks to read a newspaper. It takes months to write a letter. It takes years to finish a book. Although Grandma was always trying to recover, she could not reverse the brain that had been permanently damaged.
In 1992, the Government of Canada announced its compensation plan for victims of the MKUltra project. But only 77 people judged to be the most serious victims were paid $100,000 in damages. Most of the victims were told by the federal government that they had not suffered the most serious injuries, or that the evidence they had made was insufficient to qualify for compensation.
No one who designed and led the experiment was punished by any law. It was not until 1995, after President Clinton came to power, that he publicly apologized to the public. But at the same time, it also said that MKUltra is only a "special means of special times". Then, after the scary thing, the Canadian journalist Elizabeth. Nixon, who is also the son of the victim of the experiment, noted that MKUltra was never really stopped from start to finish. It's just the same as before, the name has changed, and it is still secretly going on.