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Since the late Sixteen Kingdoms period, the Northern Wei Dynasty, in order to expand its sphere of influence to unify the north, Rouran Khan has been attacking each other for many years in order to plunder the food resources of the Wei territory and dominate the north and south of the desert.
In order to defend Rouran, the Northern Wei Dynasty defended The City of Pingcheng (present-day northeast of Datong, Shanxi), built the Great Wall, and stretched from Chicheng (present-day Hebei) in the east to Wuyuan (northwest of present-day Baotou, Inner Mongolia) in the west, extending for more than 2,000 miles, and setting up military towns and pawns.
In order to meet military needs, Rouran also established a set of military laws.
In August of the first year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (424), the Rouran Khan Da Tan (i.e., Mu Khan Qisheng Gai Khan) heard of the death of the Wei Ming Emperor Tuoba Si, led 60,000 horsemen into Northern Wei Yunzhong (present-day northwest of Linger), killed and plundered the officials, captured the ancient capital Shengle, jushengle Palace, and heavily surrounded tuoba Tao and his troops, who had come to defend against the Northern Wei Taiwu Emperor Tuoba Tao.
Later, because the general Zhi Jin was shot and killed by the Northern Wei army, Fang Led the army retreated.
In October of the following year (425), Northern Wei launched a large-scale conquest of Rouran, dividing its troops into five ways and advancing in five ways, and the greater the desert attacked, Rouran fled north in horror.
Emperor Tuoba Tao of Wei, in order to completely get rid of the threat of attacking Rouran in the north and Liu Song in the south, and was humiliated by the siege in the snow clouds, after the great defeat of Helian Xia, the capital of Keqi (潣其城萬, in modern Baichengzi, northeast of Jingbian, Shaanxi), decided to concentrate his forces on attacking Rouran.
In April of the second year of shendi, Wei Ting discussed attacking Rouran, and both the chancellor and empress dowager Bao, fearing that the Song army would attack, tried their best to dissuade them.
Tai Changqing Cui Hao held that Song Wen Ke Tong Wan, with fear in his heart, would not dare to move; Rou Ran was far away, saying that I could not control my strength and that my defenses had been lax for a long time, so Xia scattered the crowds to graze, and in the autumn, the crowd gathered to plunder the south, and now taking advantage of its grazing unprepared attack, it can be destroyed in one fell swoop.
Emperor Wei greatly appreciated his views, so he decided to leave the lieutenants Sun Song and Wei Wei Lou Fulian to guard Kyoto, and ordered Situ Sun Han to lead his troops from the western province to Da'e Mountain, and led his army from the eastern province to the Black Mountain (present-day Beihan Mountain, Balin Right Banner, Inner Mongolia), across the desert, and jointly attacked the Rouran Khanate (present-day Khar and Lin northwest of Mongolia).
In May, Emperor Wei led an army to southern Mo (in the area south of the great desert of the present-day Mongolian Plateau), abandoned his weight, and led a light horse and horse (each with a secondary horse) to attack Lishui (present-day Wengjin River).
Soft and unprepared, the war was terrifying, the people and animals were frightened and scattered; the great sandalwood was busy burning the vault, and the west was extinct.
Pi Lixian, the brother of Da Tan, heard of the Arrival of the Wei army in the east and led his troops to save his brother, but on the way he was intercepted and defeated by the cavalry of Changsun Han, and several of his commanders were killed.
In June, Emperor Wei led his army west along Lishui to Theoyuan River (present-day Tuyin River), divided his troops to search, and the momentum was huge, the scope was vast, and many prisoners were taken.
The gaoche departments originally attached to Rouran took the opportunity to defect, plundered Rouran, and attached themselves to Northern Wei.
More than 300,000 People descended from Wei before and after the Rouran troops, the Wei army captured more than a million horses, and Emperor Wei traveled west along the weak water to Zhuo evil mountain (about the southeast of the present-day Altai Mountains), and in July he led his troops back to the east and to Montenegro, where he was given soldiers.
Da Tan suffered a crushing defeat and died of rage. Zi Wu Ti Li, the khan of Shu Lian.
In August, Emperor Wei sent ten thousand horsemen to attack Alnipi (southeast of Lake Baikal), and hundreds of thousands of people fell to Wei in the east.
In October, Emperor Wei returned pingcheng to Pingcheng, and the people who migrated to Rouran and Gaoche surrendered to the south of the desert, east to Fuyuan (present-day northwest of Fengning, Hebei) and west to the Yin Mountains (present-day Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia), where they cultivated and grazed and collected their tributes.
ChangSun Han, Shang Shu Ling Liu Xian, Zuo Shu She An Yuan, and Shi Zhong Gu Bi jointly calmed down.
In 434 (the third year of the Northern Wei Dynasty), Wu Ti married Princess Xihai, and Tuoba Tao also made Wu Timei his wife, and later moved to Zuo Zhaoyi.
Wu Ti ordered his brother Vulture Golem and hundreds of other people to send his sister to Northern Wei and offer 2,000 horses.
Tao also replied generously.
However, peace and affinity did not last long, and armed conflict broke out between the two sides over the issue of competing for the western region.
In 460 (the first year of the Northern Wei Dynasty), Rouran annexed Gaochang, and in 470 (the first year of the Northern Wei Emperor Xing), he attacked Khotan.
Yu Khotan asked Northern Wei for help, and Northern Wei was far from sending troops.
From 472 to 473 (the second to third years of Northern Wei Yanxing), Rouran attacked Dunhuang again, trying to cut off Northern Wei's trade route to the western region.
As a result, northern Wei sent troops to mobei for 9 consecutive times and attacked Rouran.
In only 470 years (the fourth year of Emperor Xing), he was "beheaded by 50,000 people, more than 10,000 people were demoted, and the equipment for fighting horses was incalculable."
Rouran's power weakened again, and Yucheng Khan repeatedly sent envoys to "propose marriage".
After Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei ascended the throne, Empress Feng came to power, and on the issue of Treating Ruoran, she slightly changed the strategy of Emperor Taiwu's attack by force.
YuanHong once said: "Soldiers have murderous weapons, and saints have to use them as a last resort."
"The former emperor has repeatedly gone out to conquer the people, because there are no prisoners."
"Now that we have inherited the cause of Taiping, why should we mobilize our troops for no reason?" Rouran also changed his policy, making peace with the Northern Wei Dynasty as the mainstay, sending emissaries to each other, and "paying tribute endlessly for many years".
In the second half of the 5th century, the enslaved tribes within Rouran rebelled and fled continuously, greatly weakening Rouran's power.
In 487 (the eleventh year of the Northern Wei Dynasty), the former Rouran deputy Fuluobu Afu zhiluo led more than 100,000 people to move west, broke away from Rouran's rule, and went northwest of the front of the Cheshi to establish the Gaoche state and establish himself as king.
Rouran lost control of the Western Regions and fought with each other for more than 30 years, and Rouran turned from prosperity to decline.