I do not do academics, purely for interest and service to the public, if there are experts, scholars, authors citing my views and research results, please be sure to indicate the source.
Heluo (Hokkien dialect) is the most complete Chinese language that has survived in the ancient and middle Middle Ages, and "speaking Chinese and writing Chinese characters" is a lineage that is passed down from generation to generation and is beyond doubt;
Unlike pinyin characters, every Chinese character in our Chinese language is phonetic, tangible and meaningful, and there is a language that is a text. Regardless of whether it is vernacular pronunciation or pronunciation, the ancient Chinese living fossil - Heluo language is also naturally a sound that is, a word, especially a vernacular sound, which comes from the ancient pre-Qin and Han and Jin Central Plains ancient sounds, not only has a word but also the origin of the character, both simple and elegant, almost literary;
We should not be self-doubting or even ashamed because the vernacular of Heluo has rarely been written in formal documents before, because we have only been writing Mandarin vernacular for a hundred years, Mandarin can do it, of course, Heluo can also, and we have enough ancient books, tools, existing research results and scientific methods to help us find the original character of Heluo vernacular, that is, the correct use of words, to help us re-recognize the cultural connotation and charm of Heluo.
Because there is, I have repeatedly emphasized that it is to find rather than find. Interest and sense of mission drive me to do my best to focus on the Heluo vernacular, which is relatively unappreciated, there are still many misinterpretations and misuses, but is most closely related to public life, and devote myself to explaining the words for you, and to recover the cultural self-confidence and glory that belongs to the Heluo language community and to the overall Chinese language speakers.
To understand how simple and elegant The Heluo (Hokkien dialect) is, let me start with a seemingly ordinary Chinese character "He" that hides many cultural codes.
The story begins in two places, the Xiahe River in Zhao'an Meiling in Zhangzhou and the He Cuo in Xiamen, which are the settlements of two Minnan people surnamed He. When asked what the surname is, it is no different from all the Ho surname Minnan people, the locals will say "surname He saN/siN ho", please note that the pronunciation of He Fa Ho here; and when it comes to their place names, they will also blurt out "Xia He eh wa" and "He Cuo wa cu", noting that "He" is the sound of wa at this time. Why? (The lower river is actually the lower he, which may have been modified to this way for some reason)
Just as "LinXia", the "Lin" in the minnan place name, pronounces the sound of laN without the lin lim sound of the Lin surname, many local place names in southern Fujian are pronounced according to the oldest vernacular sounds (foreign place names are pronounced according to the pronunciation of the text, such as Chongqing diong king, Changsha diong sua), Xiahe and He Cuo are no exception, And He's vernacular or the earliest vernacular sound is wa (if you don't understand, you can also see the regular change of several homophones from Heluo to Mandarin pronunciation: Kegua > ke, I ngua > wo, snake jua > she, are regularly changed from a sound to e/o), and the pronunciation of ho can be said to be a literary pronunciation or a later vernacular sound, because in addition to calling place names, he tong on other occasions is pronounced as ho. (Like many minnan place names with cuo characters, He Cuo's cuo is actually a thousand years of misuse of words, this article is not listed for the time being, to be explained in a follow-up article)
Glyphs and pronunciation of Ho
After confirming the pronunciation of He Youwa and Ho, I will start from some of the most frequently used and everyday dialogues in Heluo to reveal to you its quaint and elegant but quite magical side.
First, let's look at the first sentence "li ji jua" (meaning: who are you?). or "li jua" (meaning: who are you?). or "yi ji jua" (meaning: who is he?) This sentence is the most frequently spoken sentence by Zhangzhou people when asking visiting strangers, knockers, callers, or asking people around them about someone they don't know, which can be said to be a complete vernacular, but it is also a sentence that has long plagued the people of southern Fujian, especially the People of Zhangzhou themselves, because it sounds like they are saying Mandarin "you have several snakes" and "you snake" (the jua in these sentences is the same as the pronunciation of snakes), and they sometimes feel a little embarrassed when they say this sentence in front of the Quan and Xia brothers. Obviously, everyone who says it knows that this sentence is asking the meaning of "who are you/him", which is obviously passed down from generation to generation, but how can even the speaker himself sound strange and earthy, why is that?
That's because the ancestors only remembered to pass on the vernacular pronunciation to their descendants, but forgot to write the text on paper for posterity (vernacular is almost unwritten in Chinese history). Well, old ancestor, you can't defeat me, I will tell you about my great god-level discovery now, the original text expression of the above sentence is "Ru Zhi He Ren" and "Yi Zhi He Ren". Oh my God, people who know a little about the text will understand it in a second, do you feel alive again in an instant? The whole process of deciphering the word is made as follows:
What the decryption process
The truth is now clear: Zhihe and He are quickly read in the spoken language, and the J and He wa conjunctions become jua, which is a often ligature phenomenon in Heluo spoken language (such as "Mr." lian is pronounced as saN/xiaN, and then the cai cai tou tao guoi is pronounced as cao guei), and the two words are pronounced as a word of sound, which is also one of the reasons why many characters are difficult to find.
Look, not "you a few snakes", but "Ruzhi Who", Heluo language is not vulgar, not strange and not earthy, but how simple and elegant!
What a word, who fights with! After cracking the secret of He's pronunciation and word construction, the next few Words of Heluo's daily language will also be solved together, haha, the ancestor of the Central Plains, are you deliberately hiding so many secrets to test whether we have seriously read?
Next, let's look at "Where does the Ruren belt fall/bit lin dao dua (di) do/da lo/wui?" This sentence is frequently used in Xiamen Zhangquantai, meaning "which area do your family lives in", here, the rapid continuous pronunciation usage of "Zhi He" appears again, "Zhi" is used here in the vernacular di, and "He" has two pronunciations of ho and wa to match, and the do after reading corresponds to quan and Xia accents, and da corresponds to the Zhangzhou accent, so the original characters of "do" and "da" are "Zhi He", not the Mandarin harmonic character "Nag", which is often written in Taiwanese Hokkien lyrics. If you ask where you live with a knife in your mouth, isn't that scaring people to death!
The specific decryption process is shown in the following figure:
Ru people carry what
In addition, the meaning of "Ruren" in this sentence is "your/you/your", and in the Heluo spoken language, it is also quickly read as lin, similar to the Ming and Qing vernacular novels that often appear in the "Er wait" quickly read as "恁".
The word "pocket" in this sentence originally means the helmet of an ancient soldier, that is, a gizzard, and later extended to an encirclement, such as a belly pocket, etc., and in ancient times, if you look at the buildings in the city from a high place in the city, each home is surrounded like a "pocket", so it is also used to refer to home or residence;
pouch
In the same way, the houses on both sides of the streets in the city are connected in rows like strips, and which area to live in refers to the meaning of living in which row, where "belt" changes from a noun to a verb, meaning to live in which area, which is also very similar to the use of the text. As for the so-called scholars and experts recommended the word "蹛", it is purely a snake to add foot, because the word 蹛 is a word that was created later, not the original word, originally made for the sound of dua, strange and strange, obviously do not understand the use of the noun with the word turn, completely undesirable.
bring
In addition, in addition to the use of "belt", there is also "qi" that means the same meaning, that is, this sentence can also be expressed as follows: Ruren Pocket Qi Zhi He Fall / Bit Lin Dao Kia (di) do/da lo/wui. Qi, the vernacular sound kia, compared to the odd number of "odd" and riding the "riding" of the vernacular sound is also kia, you naturally understand it for a second, and its meaning I do not need to explain at all, everyone just look at its glyph like the house will fully understand.
stand on tiptoe
Look, with the two pronunciations of the word "Ho" in hand, everything becomes simple and clear. Of course, there are not only "how" usages, there are many "how" usages in The Heluo language, and many everyday vernaculars have the existence of "how", such as:
· How does this object help money jei mi giaN lua jei/juei jiN? It means asking the price of a thing, which translates literally into Mandarin as "how much is this thing?" The word "how" here is quickly pronounced as a sound "lua", that is, spelled lua by rulu and hewa. Ji, Zhangzhou, Taiwan sound for jei, Quanzhou, Xiamen sound for juei, indicating enough, many meanings, such as everyone is familiar with "talent jiji", "how much" in The Heluo language is "Ji Shao jei/juei jio", but also with a strong simple style, isn't it?
· How does this building hang jei dong lao lua guan/guaiN/guiN? It means to ask how tall this building is, the Heluo language uses "hanging" to indicate the height of the object and is less used for people, and most people only use "high" (follow-up articles will once again specifically unveil this ancient mystery, so stay tuned), can not be mixed. Among the three pronunciations hanging, guan is Zhangzhou and Taiwanese, guaiN is Xiamen, guiN is Quanzhou, and it can be seen that Xiamen dialect is the shadow of "Zhangquan Abuse" yaN jia;
· How good is it that Ru dares to know lua ho li gaN/gan zai? Meaning to ask: Do you know how good something is, "how lua" plays the role again, and the sentence style is also full of literary style. Among them, the word "knowing" is also a fast-reading legacyling into zai, zai = zhizu + si sai. This Heluo dialect can be taught as an essay, can't it? If you haven't been convinced by me, you can look at the verse in the first part of the famous Cao Cao's Lefu poem "Step Out of xiamen xing": East of Jieshi, to view the sea. The water is thick, the mountain island is standing... Water He Tong, the water surface looks like how the water waves are slightly shaking, He naturally does not need to repeat it again, "澹" is also the most common and everyday word used by the Minnan people, yin dam, the meaning of the surface flooding, the mother and the wife often confess after just washing the floor: 澹澹, 毋通 step over the dam dam, m tang da gei/gui lai (meaning that the floor is very wet, there are some water droplets on it, do not come over). After reading this, do you have the urge to hurry home and tutor your children in poetry and show off the Heluo language?
The water is still flowing
In this article, I just list some of the most common but the most unknown examples of the use of the word "He" to describe the simplicity and elegance of the Heluo language, and the simplicity and elegance of the Heluo language are of course far more than these, limited to space, I will not repeat it. But still can't help but give another example, for example, now that the Mid-Autumn Festival is coming, relatives and friends inevitably want to party to eat and drink, but pay attention to protect the body and not covet the cup, Oh, the Heluo language will be expressed like this: drinking love bottle festival lim jiu ai zun zak, bottle festival zun zak is the inverted of the festival bottle, please smooth the mouth and tone of the good sound, the same ancient wind thick drops Oh.
goblet
Thank you again to the relatives of He and Xiamen He ci, because you have retained the ancient pronunciation of wa, my journey of deciphering the ancient and elegant Heluo language will be so smooth.
How grateful, Dare to know?