Shanghai is a city that does not need to be introduced too much, Chinese there is no one who does not know about Greater Shanghai. However, some people are curious and ask why Shanghai is called Shanghai, not called the sea? There is also the abbreviation of Shanghai: how did Shanghai and Shen all come about?
First of all, why is it called Shanghai.
In the more distant Spring and Autumn Warring States, most of the current Shanghai area (including Chongming Island) is soaked in the sea, mainly the main urban area of Shanghai. By the Han Dynasty, the land area of Shanghai belonged to Huiji Commandery (会稽郡) in Wu County (present-day Suzhou). There was no change in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were changes in the Three Kingdoms, and in the westernmost part of present-day Shanghai, a place called Huating appeared. As soon as he burned Liu Bei's dream of unifying the great cause, the Wu general Lu Xun was given the title of Marquis of Huating by Sun Quan. During the Southern Dynasty Xiaoliang, Kunshan County was established, but the county administration was not in present-day Kunshan, Jiangsu. Huating has always been subordinate to Kunshan County. In the tenth year of Tang Xuanzong's Tianbao, in 751 AD, Huating was upgraded to a county, and it was established from the three counties of Kunshan, Haiyan and Jiaxing.
During the Wu Yue period, Huating was transferred to Xiuzhou in Jiaxing. Major changes occurred in the Northern Song Dynasty.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, Huating County was still part of Xiuzhou, but the land area of Shanghai began to grow, gradually advancing to the eastern sea, and Chongming Island slowly took shape. At that time, Huating County was bounded by Songjiang (present-day WusongJiang), which belonged to Suzhou in the north and Xiuzhou in the south. On the south bank of the Song River, where it was about to merge with the sea, a place name called Shanghai Wu appeared.
Wu was the economic management agency of the Song Dynasty, mainly responsible for conquering the liquor tax, and the full name was liquor. Why is it called Shanghai Affairs? Why not call it sea affairs?
During the Song Dynasty, two place names appeared here: Shanghai Pu on the south bank and Xia Hai Pu on the north bank. Local naming is customary, with rivers offshore called lower and near-source being called upper. So Shanghai is Shanghai, and going to the sea is going to the sea.
The specific time of the establishment of the Shanghai Liquor Service is the second year of the Song Zhenzong DazhongXiangfu, 1008 AD. Due to the increase in tax revenues, Shanghai affairs gradually prospered. By the time of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Shanghai was already a prosperous town.
The Song Dynasty had a developed maritime economy and trade with overseas countries. In order to serve the maritime trade, the Song Dynasty set up a municipal shipping department in Shanghai, as well as a freight yard, equivalent to a logistics center. The Southern Song Dynasty established the town of Shanghai here, which was mainly under the jurisdiction of the now-extinct Nancheng District (merged into Huangpu District and Pudong New Area in 2000). In the 28th year of the Yuan Dynasty, kublai Khan, in 1291 AD, the town of Shanghai was upgraded to Shanghai County. Shanghai County is located on the south bank of the confluence of the present-day Wusong and Huangpu rivers.
However, for various reasons, the Yuan Dynasty did not set up a city in Shanghai County. This situation continued until the thirty-second year of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty, in 1553 AD. Jiangnan was plagued by the Wokou, and in order to defend against the Wokou who did not know when to jump ashore, Fang Lian, the prefect of Songjiang, began to build the county seat of Shanghai. The circumference of the city wall is nine miles long, and there are 8 gates. There is a big hao outside shanghai, and when the tide comes, it can fill the ditch to prevent the invasion of the Uighurs, which is very dangerous.
Shanghai County in the Ming and Qing dynasties did not change much. In the twenty-third year of Daoguang, in 1843 AD, Shanghai first opened a commercial port. With the opening of the port, Shanghai became a paradise for adventurers and an Anglo-American and French concession. Then "Xu Wenqiang" came to Shanghai Beach and met "Feng Chengcheng"...
Shanghai has a place name, but why is Shanghai referred to as Shanghai, not referred to as "Shang" or "Hai"?
What is Shanghai? In fact, it is a bamboo basket (called a basket) used by fishermen to catch fish, and if the "Shanghai" is inserted into the sea, there will be fish hooked.
At that time, half of Shanghai was soaked in the sea, so it formed a trumpet-shaped outlet to the sea. The local people call this trumpet shape a blasphemy, and when they are linked together, they are desecrations. Later, you may feel that there are too many strokes, so you will use Shanghai with fewer strokes. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was called Hudulei. Over time, Shanghai became the abbreviation of Shanghai.
Shanghai also has a second abbreviation, that is, Shen, which is related to Chunshen Jun Huang Xie, one of the four princes of the Warring States. Chun Shenjun was a nobleman of the State of Chu and served as the Minister of Chu. Chun Shenjun took a fancy to Gu Su, the former capital of the State of Wu, and applied to King Chu Kaolie to obtain Wu as the capital. Interestingly, the capital of the Chu state was in Shouchun, Anhui at that time, so there was a humorous saying in Shouchun that Shanghai was a suburb of Shou County.
Chun Shenjun's territory, which includes what is now western Shanghai, was desolate when it came. Chun Shenjun built water conservancy projects here to clean up silt and clear the Huangpu River. In order to commemorate Chun Shenjun, who is known as the first person to build a city in Shanghai, people refer to this place as Shen. However, "Shen" as a city abbreviation, the usage rate is much lower than that of "Shanghai". You have heard of Ninghuhang, but you have not heard of Ningshenhang.
In addition, Shanghai also has an informal abbreviation - magic capital. Why is it called Mordor? Without further ado, the answer is self-contained.