Probably many people will be curious: are there any similarities between Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia? What is the real Country of Mongolia like now?
Mongolia, historically, was ruled by many nomadic peoples such as The Huns and turks. In 1271, Genghis Khan's grandson Kublai Khan unified China, and Mongolia became a part of Greater China from that time on. In 1911, Outer Mongolia declared its independence. Turn around and throw yourself under the wings of Tsarist Russia. Until now, it has been a full hundred years.
Today, Mongolia, with a population of about 3.2 million, has a land area of 17th place in the world, because the borders completely coincide with Russia and China, making it the safest landlocked country in the world. To this end, Mongolia also holds a record, it is the world's smallest landlocked country with a navy, only 7 people, by netizens jokingly called "Seven Wu Hai". Using the name of the seven most powerful sea thieves in "One Piece" to benchmark the Mongolian navy, the bamboo shoots on the mountain have been taken by netizens.
Let's start with the capital, Ulaanbaatar. Its original name was Kulen, which has a history of 382 years since its establishment, and after Mongolia declared its independence, it was renamed Ulaanbaatar, which means "Red Hero City". Ulaanbaatar is only three-thousandths of Mongolia's area, but it has almost half of the country's population, and the remaining 20 cities fully reflect the characteristics of sparse population. Even the second and third largest cities have a population of less than 90,000 people. There is an exaggeration to say that Ulaanbaatar is the only city in Mongolia. It seems that Ulaanbaatar is really the pearl of Mongolia.
But even in Ulaanbaatar, people's salaries are generally between 1,200 --- 3,000 yuan. Civil servants are paid well, but not as much as miners, and of course, the richest are mine owners. Oil production here is 70% of the national total.
I remember a song called "Night in Ulaanbaatar", which describes a quiet night in the vast grassland. Indeed, Ulaanbaatar is a city built on the steppe, centered on Genghis Khan Square, radiating outward. At present, 75% of the resident population is young and middle-aged, which can be said to be the capital with the largest number of young people in the world.
At night, people who work hard all day want to find a place to relax, so Ulaanbaatar's nightlife is also quite rich, and correspondingly, there are many people on the night shift.
Although Ulaanbaatar is the capital, there are still 60% of the bungalow area in the city, people's heating and living fire is mainly firewood and cow dung, the place is so big, there are so many people, in winter, the smoke and fog in the air mix together, covering the sky, resulting in almost all winter Ulaanbaatar is almost gray.
Maybe people in the alpine regions like to drink spirits, Russians are, and so are Mongolian men. The lowest temperature in Ulaanbaatar in winter is minus 40 degrees, and the colder it is, the more drunk people will be on the streets. This is also one of the reasons for the frequent security incidents in Ulaanbaatar, of course, the city center is not a big problem, and the more remote the place, the more dangerous it is.
Take a closer look at the cars on Ulaanbaatar Street. Did you find it? The driver's steering wheel is on both the left and the right! This is really a magical place, but they generally like to drive fast cars, all of them are very fierce, if they encounter, try to let go of the point, barefoot is not afraid to wear shoes.
Ulaanbaatar still retains an ancient tradition of using snuff bottles as a necessary courtesy for distinguished guests. After all, snuff bottles are relatively personal items, such as we now receive guests, we will give each other cigarettes, rather than smoking two cigarettes and then letting guests smoke.
In Ulaanbaatar, although the house price is 3-6 times the monthly income of people, it is said that the houses are sold according to the area used, and they are freehold and simply renovated. Young people have to go to great lengths to buy a house, but they don't have to worry about paying another amount of money for decoration.
Also, if you're a guest at someone in Ulaanbaatar, don't be surprised why there are always no fish in the dishes that receive guests. Because they believe in Buddhism and believe that fish are gods, they do not eat fish at all.
In addition to a fixed population, Ulaanbaatar also has a large number of migrant workers and students. The headquarters of the National University of Mongolia is in Ulaanbaatar. The university has 12 faculties and more than 80 majors, and every year there are international students from the United States, Russia, China, South Korea, Japan, Turkey, Afghanistan and other countries to exchange and study. In 1956, the National University was the first to open a Chinese class, and the School of Foreign Languages and Culture also had Chinese departments, with 10 teachers and 160 students. It is the school with the best teaching staff of Chinese in Mongolia.
It is said that one out of every three people in Mongolia who have a university degree or above is graduated from a national university. Countless teachers, scholars, diplomats, and government officials have been trained for the country, most of whom are alumni of national universities.
Vindul Khan, 291.3 km from Ulaanbaatar, now renamed Genghis City, is the capital of Kent, mongolia's eastern core city. Historically, it was the capital of the Mongol Khanate and the early Yuan Dynasty. In 2000, Genghis City's agriculture and regional industry were the first in the province, and in 2013, because it was determined to be the birthplace of Genghis Khan and possibly the grave of this great man, it was changed to the same name as the great man.
The streets of genghis city are now dotted with the monument to Genghis Khan and ancient buildings from 200 years ago, and because it is surrounded by a large desert plain, it is also a favorite supply place for keen cyclists. In addition, the naadam festival, which has a very traditional character in late July, attracts many tourists.
Mongolia's second largest city is Erdente, a typical resource-based city that has emerged due to mineral exploitation, with rich deposits of copper, molybdenum (mù), and The Erdente copper-molybdenum ore ranks among the highest in Asia. Somewhat regrettably, 49% of this copper mine belongs to Russia. Erdente has 208 square kilometers, but the population is only 86,900 people, which is typical of the vast area and sparse population. But it is a municipality directly under the central government, and the branch of the Mongolian National Science University is also located here.
Mongolia's third largest city, Dal khan, is also a municipality directly under the central government, its population is even smaller, only 83,000 people, it is also a resource city, its shahr and open-pit coal mines, is the second largest coal field in Mongolia; at the same time, relying on coal mines to find concrete, lime, cement, brick and other building materials work, as well as power stations, fur carpet processing plants, etc., the city consists of three industrial zones, is a complete industrial city. In order to support the development of the city, the urban area has also set up industrial schools.
In addition to these cities, Mongolia's other cities are even weaker in terms of industry and population. It is mainly a gathering place for animal husbandry and wild rare animals. Mongolia is bordered by the Gobi to the south and the Altai Mountains to the west, and Mongolia's national parks are located in this area. Snow leopards, high-nosed antelopes, wild camels, etc., rare animals are active in this land. The eastern part of Mongolia is a continuous steppe, which is the original origin of the Mongol people. It is now the largest prairie national park in the country, covering an area of up to 150,000 square kilometers. In 1994, China, Russia and Mongolia joined forces to separate the areas that bordered the region into protected areas in their respective countries, attracting a large number of special rare animals to inhabit. Such as the Daur (wěi), Mongolian marmot, Mongolian hartebeest, red-crowned crane, great bustard (bǎo) region endemic rare species and endangered birds.
Mongolia is a country with a complex terrain, with large deserts and grasslands, as well as mountains, as many as 3800 rivers, more than 3500 lakes. Although it is not in the seismic belt, there are more than 50,000 earthquakes of all sizes every year, but only 14 can be perceived, and more are in no man's land. However, Mongolia has so many water resources, but it is not suitable for direct drinking, because the amount of salinity in the water exceeds the standard and needs to be filtered and boiled. It is precisely because of the water quality that Mongolia is not suitable for the development of agriculture, but the animal husbandry has developed better, and at least 30% of the country's population lives on nomadic herding, so it is called a livestock kingdom. The quality of beef and mutton in Mongolia is very good, and the quality of wool products is also world-renowned.
If you have a friend who wants to explore Mongolia, you will find that the country's currency is called Tugrik, the maximum denomination is 20,000, equivalent to about 45 yuan, a total of 11 different denominations of banknotes and 6 kinds of small coins. The coin is naturally printed with the head of Genghis Khan. However, Mongolia did not have the ability to print money, initially asking the Soviet Union to help print, and now it is printed with the help of Britain. Perhaps Mongolia now envys the United States the most, and can start a printing press at will.
Although Mongolia's industrial development is uneven and the economy is not very developed, its domestic medical benefits are very generous, Mongolia stipulates that all retirees, minors and soldiers, in the hospitalization, all costs are free; the rest of the people after participating in medical insurance, provincial hospitals can be reimbursed 90%, national hospitals can reimburse 85%.
When Mongolia receives distinguished guests, it will also offer hada, but it is not the white hada we are familiar with, their hada is generally blue, and the Mongols often consider themselves to be a blue people. Hatta has white, blue, yellow, green, and red, each with different meanings. Blue represents the blue sky, symbolizing their broad-mindedness, simple personality, and good heart. All kinds of beautiful meanings are willing to give to the distinguished guests who come from afar.
In addition to the most admired Genghis Khan in Mongolia, there has also been a man who is regarded as a national hero in modern times, his name is Chao Qinglong, who once became the highest-level professional sumo wrestler in Japan, which is only achieved by three non-Japanese players in Japan, and he is also the first person in Mongolia. In 2004, he was elected As the Person of the Year of the Mongolian Newspaper "People's Power" and opened a bank in Mongolia. Although his influence in sumo circles is bad, it does not prevent him from being a big man who wins glory for the country in the hearts of mongolians.
Chinese friends who go to travel, if you see Chinese goods, do not be surprised, after all, There is a very long border between China and Mongolia, and Mongolia's light industry still needs to be improved, so most of the daily small commodities and some clothing are from China. Even some vegetables are imported from China. However, try not to ask mongolians whether they want to go back to China, after all, Mongolia is already an internationally recognized independent country, so asking others will think that you are implying that Mongolia is not developing well. It's like asking a friend at the dinner table: Are you so poor, do you want to go home and eat the old? No one is happy to hear it.
In addition to this small problem, going to the prairie, eating meat in large pieces, and drinking in large bowls is indeed a very beautiful thing. Do you like such a Mongolia?