Often encounter some patients in the ophthalmology clinic, in communication with them, many of them will have a strong sense of learning, hoping to understand the underlying eye diseases, so that in the daily encounter with the relevant situation, you can mention that to make a prejudgment, timely give the correct understanding, do not let themselves or the people around them suffer eye pain because they do not know this situation.
In fact, this is also the reason why I have insisted on getting to the present, I will update some basic common sense problems of ophthalmology from time to time, hoping to help you a little.
Today we will take a look at what are the abnormal conditions in terms of eyelids. I hope that after reading this article, your general eyelid problems can be seen by yourself.
First, let's take a look at how the normal eyelid position is.
The normal position of the eyelid should be that the eyelid is in close contact with the surface of the eyeball, forming a capillary gap, so that the tear fluid can be adsorbed in this capillary gap, flowing to the inner corner of the eye with the blinking action, and moisturizing the surface of the eyeball. If there is a problem with the function of moisturizing the eyeball, there will be corneal conjunctival sjögren syndrome that we often encounter clinically, common dry eye disease, often easy to feel dry and uncomfortable eyes, easy to see fatigue, and even more can not be long-term vision.
Normal eyelid front view
Normal eyelid side view
The eyelashes of the upper and lower eyelids are neatly arranged forward and below, respectively, they block the intrusion of dust and sweat into the eye, but never contact with the cornea. There are upper and lower tear spots in the inner corner of the eye, which are leaned on the base of the tear follicles to ensure that the tear fluid can be smoothly introduced into the nasal cavity. If tear fluid cannot be smoothly introduced into the nasal cavity, there will be excessive tearing and tear spillage that we often encounter clinically.
Once these anatomical relationships are abnormal, not only can not complete the normal physiological function, but also bring harm to the eyeball, called eyelid position abnormality. Abnormalities in the position of the eyelids can be divided into the following categories. Let's explain them one by one.
Eyelid varus: it is the eyelid margin curled to the conjunctival surface, the light eyelashes barb the cornea, the heavy eyelashes are rolled into the conjunctival sac, the upper or lower eyelid can occur, according to the cause of the disease can be divided into: 1, congenital bleral varus and developmental pterotropes 2, spastic bleral varus 3, degenerative (senile) bleral varus 4, scarred bleral varus.
The lower eyelids are varvased causing the eyelashes to come into contact with the corneal surface
Eyelid valgus: the eyelid margin leaves the eyeball and flips outward, the upper and lower eyelids can be affected, the degree of valgus is different, and the symptoms are also different. In mild cases, only the eyelid margin leaves the eyeball, which can cause tears to overflow, and if the tear spots are also outward, the tears are aggravated. If the eyelid margin is turned outward, the conjunctival membrane is exposed, resulting in congestion and dryness, and coarseness and thickening are secreted more and painful. In severe cases, the eyelids cannot be closed and may be secondary to exposed keratitis or ulceration.
Incomplete palpebral fissure closure - rabbit eye disease: light force can make the eyelid fissure shrink or close, but still can not be closed during sleep, heavy eyelid completely can not be closed, so that the cornea and the conjunctiva of the palpebral fissure long-term exposure and dryness, causing exposed keratitis.
Incomplete eyelid closure
Ptosis: it is an abnormal state of partial or total sagging of the upper eyelids, the light covers part of the pupil, and the heavy pupil is completely covered, which hinders both aesthetics and affects vision, and congenital ones can also cause amblyopia. Patients with monocular eyes often crease their foreheads and shrug their shoulders to improve vision, enlarge contralateral blepharosia, and often look up at the object in bilateral droopy patients.
Severe ptosis in one eye
Eyelid retraction: normal adults cover the upper edge of the cornea by 1 to 3 mm, if the size and position of the eyeball are normal, and the upper eyelid margin is located at or above the corneal sclera margin, when the eyes look forward, a white scleral band is exposed in the upper part of the cornea, that is, the upper eyelid retraction.
Eyelids retract
Today's eye health lecture is here, please pay attention to me @ Dr. Xiaoli Ophthalmology, take you to learn more about eye health.
The following are previous articles, if you are interested, please click to read:
Dry eye - the invisible killer of eye health
Treatment of dry eyes, astringency and distended vision
The "polyp" on the long eyes - the pterygium
The distress of the far-sighted eye - "Far and near are strangers"
How much do you know about "eye protrusion"? Thyroid-related eye disease
Is the child true myopia or pseudo-myopia?
Treatment of amblyopia - "monocular masking method"
How many degrees of myopia can be done with femtosecond myopia surgery?