Gui Shihui/Wen
"First there is Aijiakou, and then there is Damingcheng." Aijiakou is Aijiakou Ancient Town, and Daming City is the Ming and Qing Dynasty Damingfu City. In the third year of Ming Jianwen (1401), the Wei River broke through, and the Northern Song Dynasty Damingfu City was destroyed in a flood, and in September of that year, zhu Di, the King of Yan, commanded Wu Cheng to build the Damingfu City in the north of Aijiakou Town, and the history of Aijiakou Town was far earlier than the history of damingfu city in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Aijiakou is a famous commercial and trade ancient town in the history of Daming County, which flourished because of the Water Transport of the Wei River, and declined due to the diversion of the Wei River, which is a typical Weihe town. Today, in the administrative division of Daming County, the title of Aijiakou has long ceased.
"Where is Ai Jiakou?" With this question, wandering south of Daming City, walking through the streets and alleys, I couldn't find any traces of Aijiakou. Aijiakou, which was once prosperous, is slowly being forgotten by the world, and its glory is faintly flashed in the literature.
01
Aijiakou, the name of the province where ai surnamed Renjia ferry port is located. The river crossed by the Ai family is the drainage trunk canal on the east side of the south kanto of today's Daming Castle, and its predecessor is the Wei River, that is, the sui and Tang Grand Canal in history, and before the Tang Dynasty was the Tunshi River Old Road of dayu zhishui. In 2286 BC, Dayu ruled the water here.
The Book of The History of the River Canal records that when Dayu was governing the Yellow River, he "used the second canal to lead its river", and the two tributaries of the Yellow River excavated by Dayu were: one was the small diversion river on the east side of the south of the present-day Daming City, that is, the Tunshi River in the "Notes on the Water Classics"; the other was the Yellow River Ancient Road in present-day Weidong, that is, the Great River In the Notes on the Water Classics. Three years after the founding of the new country (11 years), the northern flow of the Tunshi River was cut off. In the third year of Emperor Dezong of Tang's reign (782), Wei Bo made Tian Yue rebel against Tang, and Ma Fushuai made a five-knot rebellion against Tian Yue, and on June 30, Tian Yue changed the Yongji Canal into the Wang Mang River, flooding the Tang army, and the Tang army's grain route and retreat road were cut off, and was forced to beg and retreat. In November of that year, Tian Yue changed Wei Prefecture to Daming Prefecture. This war caused the Grand Canal to begin to flow through Aijiakou, and also gave Wei Prefecture the good name of DamingFu. Six hundred years later, in the third year of Ming Jianwen (1401), Zhu Di and his nephew Jianwen competed for the emperor's throne and decided to defend the river flooding the Daming Mansion, causing Aijiakou to intersect with the Daiming Mansion again.
Today, the Grand Canal has been listed on the World Heritage List, and as the ancient town of Aijiakou on the banks of the Grand Canal, it is also a body and glory.
The ancient town of Aijiakou began in the late Tang Dynasty at the ferry port of the Ai family, and developed into an economic town on the Grand Canal in the Jin Dynasty.
"On the shores of the Wei River, the residents gather, boats and cars come and go, and the merchants and merchants gather." During the Ming Yongle years, with the construction of Beijing's transportation of materials and the transportation of water through the Xingwei River, the town of Aijiakou, located at the waterway wharf, reached its peak. During the Ming Jiajing period, the Wei river was diverted, and the status of Aijiakou gradually declined.
During the qing shunzhi and Kangxi dynasties, the governors of the three provinces of Shandong and Henan were stationed in Damingfu, the political and military centers of the three provinces of Zhilu and Yu, and the huge consumption of military and political personnel directly stimulated the economic development of Damingfu, so that Aijiakou Town appeared to be prosperous. The "Monument to the New Yi Place of Aijiakou and Other Towns" records this as follows: "Although I went to Dingding, although the two rivers migrated to him, the taiwan stationed in the festival, the three provinces spoke, the people were still accustomed to their business, settled down, and the fireworks did not go into depression... Since the tooth withdrawal, the county town is not the same as the year. The family has no property of the middle man, and the disciples of a Jia trader are also, so they often sit on the silk ... Therefore, the people are not happy with their lives, they are scattered, that is, there are widows and ruins, and the decay is full of eyes. ”
Later, relying on the advantages of the city, the Nanguan of the Damingfu City rose and replaced the status of Aijiakou, and the town of Aijiakou was divided into several villages. Volume VII of the Republic of China's "Chronicle of Daming County" records: "Aijiakou is at the end of Nanguan, three miles from the city, on the north bank of the Yuhe River, and the former Shuiyi of the Yuan Dynasty." Mingwei town, more than a thousand residents. See Yang Shouyu's "Monument to the Repair of the Temple in the Paper Mill". Today, the three villages of Paper Mill, Cheche Camp and Tofu Camp seem to be part of the town. ”
There is a Zhenwu Temple in the northeast of Xiao cross street outside the south gate of Daming Castle, and the sleeping stele of the thirty-seventh year of Ming Jiajing (1558) inside the temple has this record:
"According to the names of Suzhou and other villagers in Nanguan, Benguan Cross Street, there was originally an ancient temple of Zhenwu Temple, and the well in front of the door had two eyes, and it was obsolete for a long time." The town of Aijiakou and Nanguan existed at the same time. The ming orthodox "Chronicle of the Daimyofu" volume II records that "Fumin Street and Anping Street are in the south pass of Fucheng". Fumin Street and Anping Street are the street names of Nanguan Xiaoshi Street, the southernmost section of Xiaoshi street is the Fire Temple (now the office of the two committees of Sanpu Village), and the area of Nanguan Xiaoshi Street at that time is today's first shop (Gonggongli) and the second shop (Boaili). Today's Nanguan administers six villages of one, two, three (Tongjili), Jinjiatan (Deshengli), Kuanggongdi (Leshanli), and Xiyang Village, of which only three shops and Kuanggongdi belong to Aijiakou Ancient Town, and Aijiakou Town overlaps with the jurisdiction of today's Nanguan.
Qing Xianfeng's "Chronicle of the DaimingFu" records that in the first year of Xianfeng (1851), "donated funds to rebuild the river temple on the high bank of Nanguan (i.e., Aijiakou), and the Zhangwei Dragon God was worshipped." This "high shore" is the earliest residence of the Ai surname ferry family - Ai Jiakou. "High Shore" was built on Yangping Road in the north of present-day Tofuying Village and south of Sanpu Village, and "On the High Shore" was leveled into a roadbed. When it developed from the small village of Aijiakou on the high shore to the town of Aijiakou, the area of the town was today's Sanpu Village and Tofu Camp. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, with the establishment of water stations, delivery offices and other institutions, the area of Aijiakou Town rapidly expanded to Panchang, Paper Mill, Dai Di, and Kuang Gong Di.
The Ming Dynasty Chronicle of the Daimyo records that:
"Shuiyi, in the south of the county town of Aijiakou, went to the city of Yili Xu, Yongle was built in the first year."
"Hebo, on the shore of the Wei River in Aijiakou, south of the city, goes to the city for a mile, and Hongwu Sixteen Years County Cheng Jiang Fu Shou Jian."
"The delivery office, in the northeast of the county, on the edge of the Aijiakou Wei River." In the sixth year of Yongle, Liu Zongxinjian of Zhixian County. ”
The former site of Aijiakoukou Yi was southeast of the present-day Kuanggongdi Village and west of the Wei River. The address of the river berth is unknown, and Qing Yongzheng's "Wei County Chronicle" also records that Wei County set up a river berth in Aijiakou, and the address is unknown.
The delivery station set up at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of the Military Department, which was responsible for transporting materials, and the village of Panchang south of present-day Yangping Road was named Checheying and Zhangjiachang before the Republic of China, and checheying camp was obviously named after the delivery station, and Zhangjiachang was obviously named after the material distribution center. During the Ming Yongle period, when Beijing was built, Aijiakou set up a kiln factory to burn city bricks and take advantage of the convenience of the WeiHe River to transport them to Beijing. Aijiakou Kiln Factory is now Kiln Factory Village, and the fields between Panchang Village and Kiln Factory Village are scattered with a large number of old brick kiln sites, and these fired city bricks are transported to Panchang Village and transported to Beijing with the help of the WeiHe River. After the kiln factory was abandoned, some of the kiln workers did not leave, and later formed a village, which is still named after the kiln factory.
In today's terms, Aijiakou Ancient Town includes Sanpu, KuanggongDi and Tofu Camp, Panchang, Paper Mill and Daidi in Jiuzhi Township, and Kiln Factory Village was the place where Aijiakou Town fired city bricks at that time, and did not belong to the area of Aijiakou Ancient Town. The area of Aijiakou Town far exceeded that of the county seat of Daming County (the seat of government in present-day Jiuzhi Village), and was almost comparable to the city of Damingfu.
02
Aijiakou Town has a history of more than 3,300 years of civilization, and its relatively clear administrative subordination was in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, when it was subordinate to Guixiang County.
Wudai Guixiang County was renamed Guangjin County and Daming County, and Aijiakou belonged to it. The Northern Song Dynasty belonged to Tongtaili, Daming County, and because Daming County was once abolished into Yuancheng County, it was changed to Yuancheng County.
Jinyuan was descended to the town of Aijiakou in Daming County. After the Kangxi Qing Dynasty, it was abandoned as a village, and the sanpu and Kuanggongdi to the north later became part of Nanguan, and the south was divided into Zhangjiachang, Paper Mill, Tofu Camp, Checheying Camp, and Daidi. During the Republic of China period, it belonged to the second district of Daming County.
During the Japanese and pseudo-japanese periods, Sanpu and Kuanggongdi Nanguan Town. From July 1945 to 1949, it belonged to the southern part of Daming City and the southwest suburbs.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Sanpu and Kuanggongdi belonged to Chengguan Town, and Zhangjiachang, PaperFang, Tofu Camp, Checheying and Daidi belonged to the third district of Daming County. In 1953, it was divided into Chengguan Town and Jiuzhi Township. In 1958, it belonged to Chengguan Town People's Commune. In 1961, it was divided into Chengguan Town and Jiuzhi People's Commune. In March 1984, the Old Zhi People's Commune was changed to the Old Zhi Township.
There is a well-known ecstasy array in Aijiakou, and it is extremely easy for people to get lost when they walk here, such as if you walk southeast along Small Cross Street, and when you walk out of the village, you will find yourself facing west. Legend has it that this is because Mu Guiying in the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to defeat the Liao army, swung the Heavenly Gate Array here, resulting in people losing their sense of direction as soon as they enter the village.
The legend is a legend, and the reason why the Aijiakou Ecstasy Array is caused by the pull of the Wei River. Because the Weihe River is southwest and northeast, the streets and alleys and housing buildings of Aijiakou Ancient Town are laid along the riverbank, which is different from the layout of the houses in other places that are north-south, square, and pursue stability, and people are most likely to get lost when they walk into it, which is very similar to the streets and alleys of Tianjin.
03
Aijiakou is a livable town. The idyllic natural environment, the long humanistic history, the rich cultural accumulation, the bustling town and city, and the convenient transportation have created a superior living environment, attracting the family to retire and live, the rich merchants to buy property, and the literati to enjoy the tour.
Wang Shizhen, one of the seven sons of the Ming Dynasty, saw the scenery of the Aijiakou Wei River when he was serving in the Daming Mansion, and wrote about the life of the Aijiakou fisherman in pure white painting, "People are half immersed in the river, and fishing nets are dried behind the house." Late at night, the little woman was called, and the bonfires were heard. "Nature is real, quite a taste of ancient proverbs.
The residents of Aijiakou were all Han chinese before the Yuan Dynasty, and after the Yuan Dynasty, there were Hui people who began to move in, and the Hui mainly lived in Kuanggongdi and Sanpu Villages north of Aijiakou, forming an important Hui settlement in present-day Daming County, where the Hui surnames were Dan, Song, Ren, Zhang, Yang, He, Jin, Sha, Ma, Li, Hei and other surnames, of which one of the Li surnames was the descendants of the Yuan Dynasty daimyō Lu Dalu Hua chi Li Ailu.
For thousands of years, the famous figures in the history of Aijiakou include Liu Anshi, a famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Zhang Yingfeng, an envoy of Shaanxi in the Ming Dynasty.
Liu Anshi (1048-1125), a great celebrity, a character instrument, the number of the old man, the scholar called "Mr. Yuancheng". After entering the army, he did not become an official, learned from Sima Guang, and taught him to be sincere and not to be deceived. Later, he was recommended by Sima Guang and Lü Gongshu to become an official. Weekdays do not sit down, books are not sloppy, not good reputation, good fortune, loyalty and filial piety. After many years in office, he was known for his fierce speech, and his name was "Tiger on the Temple". The righteous qi is shaped between the pen and ink, which makes people feel the emotion of reading, and the Northern Song Dynasty Wang Zhen commented on its song Shuyun: "Suwa review, salty and based, strict and forgive, simple but not harsh, flat and stubborn, straight and straight, the emperor's benevolence and righteousness", "Is the model of the official, the turtle of the auxiliary bow, the medicine stone of the Qingshi doctor" ("The Collection of Inscribed Manuscripts"). Fei Gun also praised his "Table of Passing Que Xie" for its exquisite use of affairs and skillful writing, and its integrity is as cold as the frost and the scorching sun (Liangxi Manzhi, vol. 3). Su Shi tasted the Yuanyou character and said, "The true iron man of the instrument! ”。 He is the author of twenty volumes of the Collected Writings, thirteen volumes of the Collected Sayings of the Complete Speeches, and ten volumes of the Tongjian Yinyi. Liu Anshi's hometown stele, the Republic of China's "Daming County Chronicle" contains photos, originally outside Liuhe Village, now missing.
The Zhang Yingfeng family was originally from the old Taoying village, and his father Zhang Chaogang moved to Aijiakou. Zhang Chaogang, character near the river. In the nineteenth year of Ming Jiajing (1540), he supplemented Yongshou County in Shaanxi Province with the examination of Kui Zhong. The people of Yongshou County are engaged in animal husbandry, do not cultivate and weave, and their lives are difficult. Zhang Chaogang invited more than a dozen farmers and weavers from his hometown to carry agricultural tools and textile tools to Yongshou County and teach them to plant grains and cotton. Schools were set up again, teachers were hired, children were allowed to study, and personally explained, and the people's customs changed greatly. Rank Man will go, and the people of Yongshou County will go to the province to mourn and retain, such as the third. Later, because his second son Zhang Yingfeng was promoted to Shaanxi as an envoy, he should be recused, and after leaving office, Yongshou County established a shrine for him, and yongshou was named a eunuch, and was listed in Yuancheng County and Damingfu Township.
Zhang Yingfeng (1554—?) ), the word Yu Wu, the trumpet Mingshan. Born alert, the teenager has a literary name. In the thirteenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1585), he was raised and became a jinshi the following year. Lang Zhong, the ministry of households, supervised Taicang, and created a method of amortization and compensation, which people thought was convenient. Supervise the Transportation of Caoyun in Zhejiang, and the rich families will take their hands for it. Sheng Shaanxi was appointed as the deputy envoy, held the wind festival, and chased the greedy officials to protect the goodness. Because of his vague criticism of Lian Shuai's corruption and rumors, he was transferred to the post of deputy envoy of the Puchun Army, and Libai Chu Wangsun did not plot rebellion and was transferred to Yuanzhou. In Yuanzhou, he revitalized culture and religion, reclaimed mountain fields, and educated the Miao people. Still promoted to deputy envoy of Shaanxi Province, Lian Shuai was still in office, instigated the inspector to be transferred, so he resigned and returned to Li. There are three sons: Mingyuan, Xingyuan, and Zhiyuan, known as the "Three Winds of Heshuo".
04
The ancient weihe river with a long rhyme and the cultural accumulation of thousands of years have bred a long history and a rich cultural heritage here, leaving many cultural relics and monuments. As a town of Caoyun, openness and inclusiveness are the characteristics of the culture of Aijiakou Ancient Town, hui and Han live in harmony, and major religions such as Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, and Catholicism coexist.
As an ancient town on the WeiHe River, Aijiakou Ancient Town has a complete texture of streets and alleys, the architecture is quite regional, the Grand Canal has a significant impact on the layout of the ancient town, and its prosperity and decline have witnessed the development and evolution of the Grand Canal. The sacrificial cultures set up in Aijiakou, such as the Hebo Institute, the Water Station, the Delivery Office, the Ruins of the North and South Docks, the River Temple, and the Black Dragon Pond Temple, are of great historical and practical significance to the study of the water transport of the Grand Canal.
In addition to the above-mentioned official offices, in the eighteenth year of the Ming Wanli Calendar (1590), Zheng Deshu of Daimingzhi County bought a fan surname of eight acres of land in Aijiakou, built a Sujie Hall, and greeted higher-level officials. The Sujie Hall is located in the south of present-day Sanpu Village, on the west bank of the Wei River, and the villagers call it Guanzhuang, where the literati and scholars bid farewell chants, songs and poems, and left good stories.
In addition, Aijiakou Town also has the Golden Buddha Temple, fire temple, Sanguan Temple, Zhongxiao Ancestral Temple, Baizu Temple, Sociology, Wenchang Palace, Sujie Hall and other ruins, aijiakou central street has three large arches: Zi Zhen Chongguang, Qingshi Chuanjie and JieXiaofang. There is also a "Liuhe Village" in the north of Aijiakou Town. On April 16, 1960, in the tenth year of Qing Xianfeng (1960), The White Lotus Sect kings Laifeng and Liu Laifeng of Shandong besieged the city of Damingfu, and because the city was difficult to conquer, the White Lotus Sect turned to Neihuang.
In order to ensure the city plan of the Daming Province, the Daming Bingbei Road United Jie Chuang built the Nanguan Zhai Wall, and after several months of work, the surrounding area was more than ten miles, because there were six villages in the village, named "Liuhe Village", because there were six villages in the village, one shop, two shops, three shops, Jinjiatan, Kuanggong Causeway, and Xiyang Village. In April of the following year, Song Jingshi and Liu Zhankao, a long gun of the Twist army, besieged Liuhe Village in Nanguan, and the gentry in the village went out of the house according to households and organized the "Liuhe Regiment" to resist. From dawn to noon, bu ke, break the siege and go west. Today, on the bank of the Wei River, the wall of Liuhe Village is still faintly visible.
The river is silent, the sails are full of shadows, and the load is speechless, and the eyes are extremely prosperous. The streets and alleys are long, the ancient town is lonely, the ruins have been prosperous for many years, and the ancient rhymes still exist for thousands of years. Ai Jiakou, who will be the prince who wakes you up?