In the dangerous and tense struggle, the Nanchang uprising organized two important party building work

Nanchang Uprising. (Oil painting)

On August 1, 1927, the Chinese Communist Party fired the first shots of an armed uprising in Nanchang. On the way south, in the course of an extremely arduous, dangerous, and tense bloody battle against the Kuomintang troops who were chasing and blocking several times, the Committee of Former Enemies of the CPC headed by Zhou Enlai organized two important party building work at a rare time of respite and recuperation. That is, in Ruijin, Jiangxi, he Long, the commander-in-chief of the uprising troops, joined the party, and the first party organization was established in Changting, Fujian, that is, the Changting Special Branch.

He Long joined the party

During the first civil revolutionary war, He Long actively supported Dr. Sun Yat-sen's policy of "uniting with Russia, uniting with the Communist Party, and supporting peasants and workers", held high the revolutionary banner of overthrowing the great powers and eliminating warlords, and led his troops to participate in the Northern Expedition without hesitation. By the time of the Wuhan government in 1927, He Long had become a well-known meritorious general in the Northern Expeditionary Army, and had become a lieutenant general in the 20th Army. At that time, no member of the Communist Party of China had ever become such a military commander in the Northern Expeditionary Army.

As early as the early days of the founding of the Communist Party, He Long paid attention to the CCP's revolutionary idea of mobilizing the masses, launching the workers' movement and the peasant movement, especially the revolutionary idea of fighting the local tycoons and dividing up the land, which coincided with his desire and ideal of exploring a good life for the poor people. From the bottom of his heart, he became closer and closer to the Communist Party. In August 1926, soon after the left-wing propaganda team of the Northern Expedition led by Zhou Yiqun came to his ranks, He Long seriously proposed to Zhou Yiqun to join the Communist Party of China. With the development of the situation of the Great Revolution, the interests of the big landlords, big capitalists, comprador forces, and workers and peasants represented by the right wing of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang gradually diverged, and everyone had to take a new side. Do they support the Kuomintang reactionary forces, or do they follow the Communists? He Long did not hesitate to choose the latter.

In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup d'état, slaughtering Communists and revolutionary masses. Subsequently, Chiang Kai-shek, on the condition of occupying the Hanyang Arsenal, lured Yang Sen to send troops to western Hubei to attack the Nationalist government in Wuhan. On May 17, Xia Douyin, an independent 14th Division of Tang Shengzhi's department, launched another mutiny and attacked Wuhan. On June 25, He Jian, commander of the 35th Army of Tang Shengzhi's Ministry, issued an anti-communist declaration to officers and men in Hankou, and on the 29th, he further issued an anti-communist training order to attack the workers' and peasants' movement and prepare to act as an anti-communist vanguard, and Wuhan was facing danger. At this time, He Long, the commander of the 20th Army stationed in Wuchang, under the influence of the Communists, was determined to defend the revolutionary regime. He called He Jian and said: If you Dare to cross the river, Lao Tzu will fight with you! He Long's attitude dealt a blow to He Jian's counter-revolutionary arrogance and offensive attempts, and in times of crisis, he tried to turn the tide and was worthy of being the mainstay of the revolution.

In mid-July 1927, Wang Jingwei tore off the guise of revolution and implemented the "separation of the Communists" after Chiang Kai-shek's "Qing Party", resulting in the "confluence of Ning and Han" and ruining the excellent situation of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists. He Long, who had already paid homage to the high rank of lieutenant general, resolutely abandoned Houlu, a high-ranking official of the Kuomintang, and in spite of the threats and inducements of the reactionary camp, he led his troops to participate in the Nanchang Uprising without hesitation, becoming the backbone of the rebel forces and the supreme military commander.

After the Nanchang Uprising, as the commander-in-chief of the uprising troops, He Long became more determined to join the Communist Party. Zhou Yiqun conveyed this request to Zhou Enlai, secretary of the Committee of Former Enemies of the Communist Party of China, in the rebel forces. After the rebels returned to Ruijin, Zhou Enlai presided over a meeting of the front committee and unanimously approved He Long's application to join the party. Subsequently, an oath-taking ceremony was held at a school on the edge of the Mianjiang River in Ruijin, with Zhou Yiqun and Tan Pingshan as the introducers, He Long, commander-in-chief of the rebel forces, Guo Moruo, director of the Political Department, and Peng Zemin, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Affairs Department of the Revolutionary Committee. Zhou Enlai, secretary of the former party committee of the insurrectionary forces, attended the joining ceremony of He Long and others and made an important speech.

He Long, a fierce iron-boned tough guy, was so excited that he shed tears. He said: "In order to test me and train me, the party spent three years, and it was not until after the 'Eight-' uprising that it approved me to participate. It can be seen from this that it is not easy to be a member of the Communist Party of China, it is necessary to be able to withstand the test, and it is even more necessary to withstand the long-term test of the party after joining the party; it is by no means that once you join the party, everything will be fine, and there will be no longer a test from the party. In the future, the Party tells me to do what I want; even if I am crushed to pieces, I will never betray the Party!" Marshal He Long once told his children that during the Northern Expedition, he profoundly realized that joining the Communist Party was a political belief, and that he had applied to join the Party not a hundred times, but dozens of times. He said: I was originally a child of a poor peasant family, and of course I must follow the Communist Party to seek happiness for the poor people!

Established the first party organization in Changting

After the Nanchang uprising troops set out from Nanchang, they originally planned to pass through Linchuan, Yihuang, Guangchang, Shicheng, Ruijin, Huichang, and Xunwu (present-day Xunwu) and go straight into the East River. On August 31, the Nanchang rebel forces decided to change the original plan to go south from Xunwu to Changting and Shanghang into the East River. This is because along the original road to the south, the enemy has laid heavy troops on the way to intercept, while Fujian is an empty place for enemy troops, and the resistance to marching is small. As a result, the Nanchang uprising troops, led by He Long and the 20th Army, arrived in Changting, Fujian province from September 4 to 6.

Because Zhou Suqing, an instructor of the 6th Regiment of the 3rd Division of the 20th Army of the He Longbu Army and a member of the Communist Party, had led his troops to capture Changting during the Northern Expedition in 1926 and was more familiar with the situation in Changting, Zhou Enlai, the former secretary of the party committee, and He Long, on behalf of the Revolutionary Committee of the rebel forces, appointed Zhou Suqing as the director of the recruitment department of the 20th Army, responsible for recruiting and collecting military salaries, and participated in the work of the Minnan Finance Committee and Changting County. At the same time, because Chen Geng, who was in charge of the defense work, was seriously wounded in the leg during the Battle of Huichang, Zhou Enlai ordered Zhou Suqing to replace Chen Geng, who was already injured at the time, and assist Li Lisan in the work of the Political Protection Office. After resting for a while in Changting, the rebel forces entered and occupied Shanghang on September 10.

In just a few days, under the direct deployment and leadership of Zhou Enlai and others, Zhou Suqing, together with Li Lisan and others, did a great deal of strategic and important work in Changting: mobilized local patriotic and progressive doctors Such as Fu Lianhui and others to treat Hundreds of wounded and sick people, including Chen Geng and Xu Teli; raised 60,000 yuan of military salaries urgently needed at that time; suppressed duan Xiewen, director of the Kuomintang Defense Bureau, Qiu Xiuzhang, police chief, Jiang Jimin, president of the Chamber of Commerce, and Lai Pusheng, an inferior gentleman, who tried to disturb the people's hearts and minds and oppose the rebel army Under the leadership of Guo Moruo, director of the Political Department, he worked with other comrades to do propaganda work, mobilize the masses, and mobilize young people to join the army. At the same time, it also did a lot of party building work, developed local party members, and established the first party organization in Changting, that is, the Changting Special Branch.

In the process of collecting military salaries and suppressing counter-revolutionaries, Zhou Suqing and Li Lisan united, reused, and tested a group of progressive youths, and developed them into early Communist Party members in Changting, including Huang Yaguang, who later became the secretary of the Fujian Provincial Party Committee, and Luo Huacheng and Duan Fenfu, famous revolutionary martyrs.

In accordance with Zhou Enlai's orders, Zhou Suqing also established the first party organization in Changting on behalf of the rebel troops, that is, the Changting Special Branch. One evening around September 10, 1927, in the "Wanxingchang" salt shop opened by Wang Yangyan, a member of the XianyinGuan Communist Party in Changting City, Duan Fenfu, Wang Yangyan, Huang Yaguang, Luo Huacheng, Zeng Yan, Luo Xudong, and other CPC members gathered in a room with extremely excited and excited looks. Zhou Suqing solemnly announced: "The Changting Branch of the CPC has been formally established! The secretary was Comrade Duan Fenfu. "Since then, the people of Changting have had their own core of leadership and, under the leadership of the party, have vigorously carried out various revolutionary struggles." Xianyinguan Wanxingchang Salt Shop, the birthplace of the Changting Party organization, has been the secret traffic station of the Changting Party organization in the ups and downs of the following decades. The Changting Party organization carried out a great deal of secret work here, and even under the conditions of extremely harsh white terror, it was never cracked by the enemy.