In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, the great calligrapher Zhao Mengfu once went to a restaurant, saw a large "curtain" written on the door, and exclaimed: I thought that no one in the world could compare with me, but this person's calligraphy was better than mine! Asked who the owner of the shop was, the answer was a Shanxi monk named Puguang, so Zhao Mengfu recommended it to the imperial court. The imperial court then enfeoffed PuGuang as a scholar of Shōbunkan University, responsible for writing all the court plaques.
Pu Guang's calligraphy is now also difficult to see, preserved so far there are 1303 years of WenShi Temple stele, as well as 1315 Year Of the Great Yuan Emperor's Imperial Costume Monument, etc., you can see the font is majestic, less use of presses, turning more use of round method, knotted words tight and calm, lush and simple, quite temple prestige, used to make court plaques, can be compared to the Qing Palace's atmosphere is too much.
Shi Puguang, a high monk of the Linji Sect in the Yuan Dynasty, also known as Puguang, the character Xuanhui, also known as Yuanhui, the number xueliang (雪菴), also known as the snow window. Datong people in Shanxi, commonly known as Li, are known as Li Puguang and Li Xueling (雪菴). A monk since childhood, he was a monk, and he was the grandson of Zhongfeng VII, a teacher of the State of Puying, who consulted the Path of Zen enlightenment and studied the purpose in depth. He practiced asceticism all his life and strictly adhered to the precepts, and was the eleventh generation grandmaster of the Datou Tuo Sect of Jinyuan Buddhism.
Regarding the year of Shi Puguang's birth and death, it is difficult to verify, and it is roughly a contemporary of Zhao Mengfu. According to the Records of Volume IX of the Yuanshu, the Collection of Lingyang of the Mou Dynasty, the Collection of Snow Statues, the Records of Quitting Cultivation, volume IV, and the Seventh Volume of the Songxue Zhai Collection, it is inferred that he was born in about 1237 and died in 1327, with a life expectancy of about 90 years.
Shi Puguang, who has integrated "poetry, literature, books, paintings, pianos, tea, and Zen" in his lifetime, has set seven unique pieces in one, and crowned Yilin with pianos, poems, books, and paintings, and can be called a generation of Zen monks of Wenzong. He was deeply renowned for his good list of large characters, and for a time with Zhao Mengfu's reputation, his book "Xue'an Zijiao" was devoted to the techniques and aesthetic standards of large characters in calligraphy, which was concise and profound, quite practical and instructive, and occupied an important position in the history of calligraphy theory.
Calligraphy and painting Xiang Zhao Mengfu
Shi Puguang was proficient in calligraphy and painting, and Zhao Mengfu was extremely obedient to him. Historical documents of all dynasties say that Shi Puguang "is in line with the reputation of Zhao Wenmin Gong Mengfu" and "Zhao Wenmin Gong saw xueshu and thought he was victorious over himself". Shi Puguang's calligraphy is roughly derived from Yan Liu, mainly based on Yan Lugong, and has become its own appearance.
Shi Puguang is good at the Big Kai, and many books are written on the plaque. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Tao Zongyi's "Book History Will Be Essential" said that Xuehuo "is good and true, xing, cursive, yougong big characters, forbidden plaques of the national dynasty, all of which are his books"; the Ming Dynasty's Great Confucian Wang Shizhen's "Four Drafts of Yizhou • Inkblots of Yuan Celebrities" also contains: "Xuexuan Shan Shu Zhengshu, Yuan Shi Palace List, all his pens." ”
The inscription of the surviving large characters of PuGuang's surviving inscription contains the entire text of the stone carving "Picking Gong Tea List" of the Jietan Temple of Songshan Mountain in Dengfeng, Henan, the eight characters of the inscription of the "Edict of the Great Chongyang Wanshou Palace" of the Dachongyang Wanshou Palace in Huxian County, Shaanxi Province, and the inscription "The Hall of the Beginning of the Wenshi Temple" of the "Records of the Reconstruction of the Ancient Palace of the Ancient Lou of the Ancient Building of the Emperor of the Southern Mountains" in Shaanxi ZhouzhiLouguantai; the plaque has six major characters of the wooden plaque of the "Hall of transmission of the Authentic Sect of the Law" of the Yong'an Temple of the Hunyuan Yong'an Temple in Shanxi, a national key cultural relics protection unit, all of which are heirloom treasures.
Shi Puguang also wrote the Book of Jinshi, and Yuan Xiong Mengxiang wrote the "Analysis of Jin Zhi Ji You": "Hanlin Waiter Lecturer, Zhizhi Tongshu Guoshi, Zhongshun Dafu Li Jian wrote the "Dadutou Tuo MiaozhenYuan Silent Zen Master Dao Xing Stele", Xue'an Book. "Unfortunately, the monument no longer exists.
Shi Puguang cursive, indulgent, skillful with the pen, glyphs in place, dot painting between the subtleties, the pen sharpened to make the fine, super sprinkled fluent, Fang Jia appraisal seems not to be under the Ming Zhuzhi Mountain.
Achievements in calligraphy theory
Shi Puguang is not only a master of law books, but also a calligraphy theorist with high theoretical attainments, and his books "Eight Laws of Xueling Yongzi" and "Xueling Character Essentials" involve writing, pen use, structure, situation, tools and aesthetic aspects, which have made great contributions and far-reaching influences on the development of Chinese calligraphy art theory. For example, there is a calligraphy "Eight Beautiful Songs" in the "Xue'an Character Essentials", which says: "The eight beauty in the characters is very beautiful, and I know that this kung fu is like bone marrow." Hide the head and close the three peaks, steal meat and reduce the knots. The floating tendons are exposed and ancient, and the strong body is evenly balanced. All are wonderful, that is, true transmission, and this true transmission is wonderful. Contact the Jin Dynasty Wei Lady Shuo "Pen Array" so-called "good pen strength of the bones, not good pen strength of the flesh." Those with many bones and micro-meat are called the book of tendons, and those with succulents and micro-bones are called ink pigs. Those who have many strengths and strong tendons win, and those who are powerless and have no tendons are sick", which can realize the subtle connection between art and life, calligraphy and Zen.
Fragments of the Eight Great People's Awakening Sutra
"Character Essentials" is concise and profound, with rich pictures and texts, and has many occurrences that have never been issued before, and has a unique place. The emphasis on the "Character Essentials" is on the brushwork, but also involves the knot, the chapter and other content, it believes that the large characters of the letter reflect the majestic and majestic temple atmosphere, the temple atmosphere of the emperor, pay attention to the sense of order and seriousness of the uniformity, it seems to have its special side, but in fact it has a wide range of representatives at that time and even the Ming and Qing dynasties. Not only is it suitable for beginners, but it is also suitable for famous masters who are not familiar with large characters, and it also has a direct impact on the theory of large character calligraphy of the Ming people. In particular, Li Puguang has greatly promoted the wide popularization of the list book to the society. The popularization of the list book has made various forms of works such as the Yanglian plaque list and the banner bucket square all over the indoor and outdoor houses, forming an overall cultural atmosphere of Ming and Qing dynasty architectural decoration. Liberate the thesis from the play of the case, make the calligraphy come out of the comprehensive solemnity, and become an art that can be used and amiable to everyone.
"A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" Puguang small character inscription
A major innovation in the list of book tools
Another major contribution of Shi Puguang to the list book is a breakthrough in the use of tools. After a drunken drink, Shi Puguang wrote the four big characters of "Dongshan Qingzhi" at the request of his friend Liu Jingzhi, but he did not have a large enough pen in hand, so he wrapped up his clothes and read the book, and looked at it after the book, "Its characters are very beautiful, and there is a sense of elegance and elegance, so it is often used to cloth books, day by day and subtle, taking the 'Yong' character as the method, setting up its four styles, known as the '卒襟字法' also." Based on his long-term practical experience, Shi Puguang said, "Those who are about four feet or less can write with a cursive pen; those who are more than five feet must use this cloth to write; but from one foot to two feet, they can also write." The large characters of the later books are wrapped in silk, silk, cloth, cotton yarn, etc., all of which are influenced by the "pawn" method. Shi Puguang has songs such as "Song of the Eight Laws of cloth", "Song of the Five Laws of the Gong Xiang", "Song of the Eight Laws of the Yongzi of the Gong Xiang", etc., all of which are empirical and beneficial to later learning.
Appreciation of works——
Puguang cursive "Stone Monk Grass Anthem"
The Yuan Dynasty monk Pu Guang's cursive "Stone Monk Grass Anthem" is a horizontal scroll, on paper, writing the "Grass Anthem" written by Tang Shi Xiqian (known as the Stone Monk). Where forty-two lines, two hundred and twenty-nine characters, vertical forty-six centimeters seven, horizontal more than six meters, no age, self-signed "Xuan Wu Old Man", after Cao Wenjie. It is now in the collection of the Shanghai Museum.
Pu Guang's big character "Wan'an Temple Tea"