The origin of filial piety
The more ancient the word "filial piety", the better, the original meaning of the word "filial piety" refers to "filial piety"; it is the word "huiyi"; the evolution of the word "filial piety" is shown in the attached figure.
The ideographic glyph in the picture can be seen: it seems that the "son" can be seen with his hands raised and moved downwards, making a prostration appearance, asking the old man to be safe, and achieving the purpose of "filial piety".
Quoting the "Filial Piety" of the Shuowen Jiezi: "He who does good deeds to his parents." From the old province, from the son, from the old man also. ”
In the Shang Dynasty, because of the practice of witchcraft and ghosts, filial piety mainly refers to a kind of sacrifice activity of ancestor worship and honoration.
In the Zhou Dynasty, the rulers advocated respecting the heavens, filial piety, respecting virtue, and protecting the people, and the "Book of Rites and Kings" stipulated, "Fifty rods are at home, sixty rods are in the countryside, seventy rods are in the country, eighty rods are in the dynasty, and ninety people, and if the son of heaven wants to have a question, he will follow his room." The cane refers to the cane, from which it can be examined that filial piety involves three levels: family, society, and the imperial court.
The Book of Filial Piety by Confucius and his disciples. it is a Confucian work on ethics.
The exposition of "filial piety" is in line with the Heavenly Way, and the act of "filial piety" is in line with "humanity".
Zi Yue: "In the past, the king of the Ming Dynasty ruled the world with filial piety, and did not dare to leave behind the subjects of small countries, but in the case of gong, hou, uncle, son, and man, he won the joy of all nations, so that he could be the king before him." ”
This means that the former kings of the Holy Ming ruled the world with filial piety, and they did not dare to be disrespectful and contemptuous of the envoys sent by small countries, let alone the princes at all levels who were divided into themselves? Therefore, they can get the favor of the princes of various countries and come to help the ancestors of the Son of Heaven.
Zi Yue: "The ruler of the country does not dare to insult widows, but the people are in the care of the people, so that he will win the favor of the people, so that he will be the first king." ”
The princely states govern their subjects, even if they do not dare to bully men who have lost their wives and widowed women, and the people under them will be grateful to Dade when they see it, knowing that the rulers will do the same to them, so they will help the princes to sacrifice their ancestors.
The Western Han Dynasty was a dynasty that truly practiced "ruling the world with filial piety", and the "filial piety" here has the meaning we know today.
After Dong Zhongshu's exclusive respect for Confucianism, Confucianism became feudal orthodoxy, and filial piety was expanded from family ethics to social ethics and political ethics.
It has become the ideological basis of paternalistic despotism, "father for son", "husband for wife", "king for subject", in addition, the logic of "loyalty" and "filial piety" is blurred, and loyalty and filial piety are integrated. It constructed the ideological and moral system of Chinese feudal society, and became the social values and governing program that influenced China for two thousand years (Cheng Zhu Lixue gradually became extreme, and some evolved into foolish loyalty and filial piety).
This is probably an evolutionary process of "filial piety", just as we use fire and writing to make bronzes, which is a sign of entering civilization, and it is a very high-level civilization.
"The old and the old and the old, the young and the young" is the unswerving pursuit of human society.
The system and implementation of "filial piety"
In addition to the two founding emperors of the Han Dynasty, the emperors of the Han Dynasty all used "filial piety" as their nickname, calling xiaohui emperor, xiaowen emperor, xiaowu emperor, xiaozhao emperor, and so on, all of which showed that the rulers should set an example for the people or set an example for the people, and when they die, they must also be used as a political evaluation and respect.
From Emperor Hui of the Western Han Dynasty to Emperor Shun of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were 32 national praises and knighthoods for filial piety, and more local praises. The same rewards are given to both sons and daughters-in-law for their filial piety.
Before the imperial examination system, the inspection and examination system determined by Emperor Wu was the main form of electing officials, and "filial piety and honesty" was one of them. Most of the officials at all levels, from the central to the local government, are born of filial piety and honesty, which is regarded as the right way to serve as a eunuch. Judge parents who do good deeds and those who do things honestly to become officials. Putting filial piety first also makes filial piety a basic criterion. Emperor Wu decreed that all officials above two thousand stones must observe filial piety, otherwise they would be punished as disrespectful and incompetent.
Each dynasty had a corresponding legal provision for the elderly
The Book of later Han records: "He who ordered the monarch to have a valley, to give the widows and widows of high age and loneliness, and to those who are sick and have no family members, who cannot survive on their own, such as the law." "This law refers to the relevant provisions of the pension.
In the fifth year of Tang Taizong's reign, he had formulated a law that clearly stipulated that the age of the entire society should be counted, and all those who reached the age of about 80 could receive welfare benefits. Local officials had to personally go to their homes to deliver condolences, which included a little bit of money, as well as some meat and food, which could be distributed every half a month.
Even, it has formulated strict regulations, who are old in the family to eighty or ninety years old, then men can become the state Sima and women can also become monarchs. Although it is said that there is no real power, the form is greater than the content, but this form gives the peddlers and pawns, the promotion of the small people a very high sense of political honor, so that the whole society has a very high degree of cognition from the ideological aspect.
At the same time, according to the number and age of the elderly in the family, the family will be given a reduction in military service or taxation, which is considered to be a benefit and reward.
In addition to the rewards, of course, there are also punishments, and the punishments are very heavy
We always say that there is amnesty for the whole world, but there are the most evil and unforgivable ones, and there is content about filial piety. Rebellion: Refers to the beating and murder of grandparents, parents and other elders. Filial piety: Not filial piety to parents and elders, or marriage and entertainment during the period of filial piety.
All dynasties punished filial piety very heavily, basically to be executed, and 3,000 miles were exiled for non-subjective accidents.
Filial piety is "the foundation of human beings", and filial piety is the most basic. As the saying goes, "filial piety comes first", filial piety is the first of all goodness, and this traditional value has been deeply rooted in the heart of every Chinese, affecting our social life today.
Because modern civilization is transitioning from a traditional agricultural civilization to an industrial civilization.
There is also a transition from a blood-related society to a civil society in social form.
The problem of old-age care arises in the throes of a period of transition.
The low marriage rate brings low fertility, and because of the small number of births, China's aging has come too quickly, too fiercely, and the number is very large.
Due to the rapid development of modern civilization, the expansion of social wealth, and the refined social division of labor, the era of socialized pension will follow.
Today's Chinese society has not yet formed the ability to fully socialize the elderly.
In the news of the first two days, the official encouraged children to live near their parents, what is the logic, in fact, is to facilitate care, to avoid the embarrassing situation of accidents at home and no one to help.
This shows that communities, properties, or non-profit organizations are not yet able to take on the responsibility of caring for many elderly people.
I think so
First of all, we can't completely get rid of the root of the family pension, he is not only economic, physical, but also spiritual, which is a fundamental problem of the pension.
Secondly, it is necessary to accelerate the detailed measures of socialized old-age care, and it is necessary to quickly promote and re-revise. Whether it is home, nursing home and other forms, especially for widows and widows, not self-care, etc., it is necessary to inquire about the system and encourage non-governmental charitable organizations to join.
Finally, everyone still has to try to be able to retire themselves,
First, self-discipline protects the body.
Second, when you are young, try to keep as many assets as possible that can be realized.
Third, keep your curiosity, improve your learning ability, don't be eliminated by new things, and make yourself physically and mentally happy.
What plans do you have for your future pension, leave a message in the comment area!