Mr. Ye Jiaying, a well-known expert in classical literature in China, once said: "The study of poetry is not the goal I pursue, but a force that supports me through my troubles." The greatest benefit of our study of classical poetry is that our hearts do not die. ”
Reading poetry is so fascinating! It allows us to feel the power of culture in our poems, more confident, elegant and calm. Reading the many masterpieces that have been passed down through time and space to this day can evoke our endless emotions and stimulate the echoes of the heart.
Li Yu's "Waves and Sands" was called an aesthetic masterpiece by Mr. Jiang Xun.
Together, we travel through time and space, explore the development process of words, and appreciate Li Yu's life elegy.
01. The development of words
The word flourished in the late Tang Dynasty, developed in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-960), prospered in the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), and evolved in the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1179). With the continuous development and evolution of words, two major schools of words have been formed, euphemisms and bold words, which have their own advantages and disadvantages, standing side by side.
Xu Shi of the Ming Dynasty once summarized the form of words as follows: "The tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number, and the word has a fixed sound." ”
Euphemisms have two notable artistic features. First, the exclusive affection. Second, the sound of the string-by-string song is a side word. A good word must have both concise language and a tone of voice. The combination of expression and pleasant sound is of great literary value and artistic charm.
Euphemisms are the school of words represented by Wen Tingjun, Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao, Zhou Bangyan, etc. after the words between the flowers. Most of their works advocate subtle tact, rhetorical euphemism, and delicate words. Euphemisms write more about the love of children and daughters in terms of materials, and parting from love. The words are beautiful and the mournful and emotional.
Euphemisms appear earlier than bold words. Since the fifth dynasty of the Tang Dynasty, the Huajian Sect, represented by Wen Tingjun, the "originator of the Flower Room", has continued to develop and improve through the continuous development and improvement of Ouyang Xiu, Yan Shu, Yan Jidao and others in the early Song Dynasty, and has developed to the extreme by Qin Guan, He Zhu, and Li Qingzhao.
The words of the bold school have a broader vision, the weather is magnificent, the excitement is heroic, and the use of words and sentences is more vigorous and free.
After the southern crossing, the tragic and generous words prevailed for a while, merged into the development context of the words, and strengthened the word style, Su Shi, Xin Shuyi, Liu Yuxi, Zhu Dunru, Zhang Xiaoxiang, Chen Liang and others, undertook the flow of sound, became the wind, vibrated the Song Dynasty, and widely influenced the succession of the word forest. From the Song and Jin dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, there were literati who raised banners and devoted themselves to learning Su Xin.
02. Appreciation of "Wave And Sand Nostalgia"
In December 975, Li Yufeng surrendered and the Southern Tang Dynasty collapsed, 14 years after he succeeded to the throne. In February of the following year, Li Yu was escorted to Jingshi, and Song Taizu made him a disobedient marquis. In the same year, Emperor Taizong of Song ascended the throne and renamed Li Yu the Duke of Longxi.
In 978, At the age of 42, Li Yu died in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was also born on Qixi. The Northern Song Dynasty posthumously honored him as a Taishi ,Posthumously honored As king of Wu , and buried him in Luoyang's Northern Mountains.
During the more than two years of captivity and confinement, Li Yuyi changed his past beautiful and fragrant style of words, expressed the pain of the subjugation of the country and the thoughts of the homeland, and created many works of aesthetic value represented by "Nostalgia of the Waves and Sands".
Outside the curtain, the rain is babbling, and the spring is beautiful.
Luo Yu was impatient with five more cold.
In the dream, I did not know that I was a guest, and I was greedy.
Alone, no column, unlimited rivers and mountains,
It's easy to see when it's hard.
Flowing water and flowers go to spring also, heaven and earth.
The upper part of the word is written in the scene. The rain outside the window is incessant, and spring is about to pass, and I sleep until five o'clock in the middle of the night. Chills strike. The thin futon can't be resisted. The cold of late spring. Just had a dream. In the dream, he was still the king he once was, and the days were happy and happy, but the happiness was so short that the dream soon woke up.
This is Li Yu taking Song as a foreign country, and he is naturally a "guest".
The next piece is written in love. The author felt depressed, so he rolled over and got up, looking at the column alone, touching his eyes. Thinking of the homeland's rivers and mountains, the homeland, the former wealth and prosperity, at this time are like clouds and smoke, flowing water and flowers, with the twilight of spring gone, can no longer be recovered. Saying goodbye to all that was once there is easy, it is too difficult to see again, just like the heavens and the earth, the distance is too far.
How joyful it is to dream, how painful it is to wake up. Once the lord of the kingdom, now a prisoner of the order; once living the days of the gods in heaven, now imprisoned and losing his freedom. Strong contrasts, infinite sorrows, jumped on the paper.
A fallen monarch who has lost his country, parasitizing on the side of the enemy emperor's bed, may become the slaughtered meat on the knife at any time, and is in an extremely dangerous situation.
As a former monarch of a country, he not only misses the prosperous life of flowers and traffic, but also has to smile and face the cruel reality of misery, humiliation and seclusion.
Words are born from the heart, and words are blood and tears. It is reported that some old ministers at that time all cried with headaches after hearing it.
03. The aesthetic value of "Nostalgia for the Waves"
Wang Guowei commented on Li Yu: "The words began to be big after Li Hou lord, and the feelings were deep, so they changed into the words of the craftsmen and became the words of the scholars." ”
Although Li Yu grew up in brocade and jade food, he did not experience the great pain of life, and naturally could not write Su Shi's heroic and heroic spirit of "going east of the river and exhausting the waves". However, because he has not experienced much, he can write works that are caused by his heart, which are completely devoid of carving, and all of them are true temperament and true blood and tears. Therefore, Wang Guowei said: All words, Yu loves those who write in blood, and the words of the Lord after the Lord, and the so-called one who writes in blood is also true. ”
This song "Waves and Sands", with the babbling spring rain to write the heartache, with the thin of Luo Yuan to write the cold of the spring night, with the joy of the guest in the dream to set off the mourning after waking up, with "flowing water, falling flowers, spring to go" to remind themselves that the past has passed, never returned. What about the emperor, who is not still a prisoner now.
The opening chapter writes about cold rain, which has been soaked into the heart through the thin quilt, incomparably desolate and desolate. It's a sentimentality to life.
"Dream of the Red Chamber" is also writing about the end of prosperity. Everyone's state of life, no matter what kind of life they have experienced, must eventually return to the original state, empty-handed, empty-handed.
Is the dream true or false? Is waking up fake or true? Am I the flowing water in the dream, or the falling flower in the dream? Or is it me who falls in the dream?
It's easy to see when it's hard. In this life, say goodbye to the falling flowers, say goodbye to the spring, and when you see them again, the spring is no longer that spring, and the falling flowers are not those falling flowers.
Spring will come, and the flowers will bloom, but I will never go back to the most unforgettable spring.
This is the elegy of life, and it is also the song of "Waves and Sands".
Li Yu used this word as a proverb, and soon after, on the night of Tanabata, Emperor Taizong of Song gave wine to celebrate his birthday, drank all the medicine and wine, and sacrificed his birth and death on the same day 42 years apart. It's like going from the beginning to the end, drawing a circle of life, and finding the way home again.
The prosperity of life will eventually be disillusioned.
Attached is a brief introduction to the "Wave Taosha" word plate:
"Waves and Sands" is also known as "Selling Flowers" and "Passing through the Dragon Gate". Originally a seven-word sentence, by the time of the fifth generation, it began to be a double-tone small order, 54 words, and four flat rhymes in the upper and lower pieces. Make more and more poignant sounds.
(Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,"White Incense Dictionary", ding ruming commentary)
This article is original, and the first published number of Baijia.
The picture comes from the Internet, invaded and deleted.