"A brick knife to break into the world" has been the slogan of Huantai people for thousands of years to seek survival and get rich. The construction industry is an ancient traditional industry in Huantai, and the "town of architecture" is huantai county's first dazzling business card in the province and the country.
The Furnace Temple built in Suozhen in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Huayan Temple in Gaolou Village in the Sui Dynasty, the Fourth Gongbaofang, Zhongqin Ancestral Hall, and the Suozhen Wuhe Bridge built in the New City in the Ming Dynasty, the Former Residence of Wang Yuyang and the Geng Family Compound built in the New City in the Qing Dynasty, the Qilu Hospital in Jinan, the Jingliu Road Christian Church and the Bell and Drum Tower in Xuzhou, the Great Hall of the People in Beijing after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Memorial Hall of Chairman Mao and the Erqi Memorial Tower in Zhengzhou, these existing masterpieces of historical architecture, in the long river of history, witness the exquisite skills of Huantai architectural craftsmen, It tells the craftsman spirit of Huantai builders who are self-reliant and dare to break through.
In March 1985, Peng Zhen, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, came to Huantai to inspect huantai and personally inscribed "the town of architecture" for Huantai; Li Peng, former premier of the State Council, Wang Enmao and Qian Zhengying, former vice chairmen of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and leaders of the Ministry of Construction, the Shandong Provincial Party Committee, and the provincial government at all levels came to Huantai to inspect and guide the development of the construction industry on many occasions.
In 2000, Huantai County was shortlisted for the first time in the top 100 counties in China. Huantai has developed into one of the top 100 counties in the country as a traditional agricultural county in history, and the contribution of the construction industry to the economic development of Huantai is indispensable. The construction industry has dug the first pot of gold for Huantai's reform and opening up development. The construction industry has trained a large number of well-known entrepreneurs such as Zhang Jianhong, Zhou Jingcai, Yang Yanliang, Gong Duanzhou and so on. It can be said that Huantai industry rises because of construction, Huantai farmers become rich because of construction, Huantai people change because of architecture, and Huantai prospers because of architecture.
Huantai, as a small plain county that does not rely on mountains, seas, rivers, resource endowments, population of less than 500,000, and an area of only 500 square kilometers, why does Huantai enjoy the reputation of "the town of architecture"? How can Huantai's construction industry sensationalize the whole country and become famous at home and abroad? How did the successive generations of construction craftsmen in Huantai create a colorful architectural civilization? Let's start with the deep historical origin of Huantai's construction industry.
Huantai construction industry has a long history. Let's appreciate the development of ancient Huantai architecture from the ancient buildings built by our ancestors on the hot land of Huantai.
Located in Xizhen Village, Suozhen Town, also known as "Furnace Temple", The Furnace Temple was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the temple is dedicated to Li E, a filial daughter of the Qi State Merchant Mountain. The "Chronicle of rebuilding Xincheng County" says: "The Filial Daughter Ancestral Hall, in Suo Town, the township eunuch yu Chong'an built. "Legend has it that in ancient times, iron cattle came out of Huantai territory, and the food and green grass plagued the countryside, and the government ordered the people to set up furnaces for smelting, but they could not be removed for a long time. There is a people's daughter Li E, in order to relieve the trapping of her father and the villagers, she rushed to the furnace and smelted with her body to finally eliminate the plague of iron cattle. The people revered her virtues and regarded her as a filial daughter, and then won the praise of the State of Qi, and was named a furnace goddess by the King of Qi, and ordered the construction of a temple in the northeast corner of the Yanqiu On the banks of the Lishui (present-day Wuhe) River as a tribute to the commemoration.
With the inheritance of the deeds of the furnace girl from generation to generation and the promotion of the spirit of filial piety, many generations of emperors have repeatedly sealed the furnace girl, Tang Gaozong Li Zhi sealed the furnace girl as a filial daughter of Shangshan, the royal gift of half a dynasty Luan driving, tens of thousands of gold to rebuild the main hall, the temple and the Suozhen Dasheng Temple look north and south, the courtyard is surrounded by pines and cypresses, surrounded by long corridors, the palace pavilion echoes, and the pavilion intersects, which is a typical imperial shrine scene. In the face of drought, people from all directions will go to the Furnace Temple to pray for rain, and it is said that whenever there is a prayer, it is always raining from heaven, and the wind and rain in the country of Qi are smooth, and the incense of the Furnace Temple is at its peak.
The Song and Yuan dynasties were destroyed due to war. During the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the township eunuch Yu Chong'an presided over the reconstruction, and the plaque of Liu Dashen in Xincheng ZhiXian County read "Shangshan Filial Piety Shrine".
The original temple still has a main hall, and the east hall has three rooms. In 2003, a comprehensive renovation was carried out, the main hall was overturned, the east hall was demolished, and the west hall, mountain hall and ear room were rebuilt. In the park, there is a statue of an 8-meter tall white jade furnace girl, and three additional attractions have been added: Zhixiao Hall, which exhibits the life deeds of the furnace girl; Quqiu Hall, which exhibits the historical evolution, historical celebrities and historical stories of SuoZhen; the Forest of Steles of the Ancestors of the Chinese Hundred Families, which houses more than 100 stone steles, inscribing the origin of 110 surnames, the ancestral map, etc. In 2002, it was announced by the Zibo Municipal People's Government as a municipal cultural relics protection unit.
Huayan Temple is located in Gaolou Village, Tianzhuang Town. Huayan Temple was built in the Sui Dynasty, more than 1400 years ago, and the temple is named after the Huayan Classic. At that time, the scale of the building was grand, covering an area of about several hundred acres, and it was a majestic three-entry courtyard. Under the eaves of the mountain gate hangs a plaque with gold characters on a blue background, and the three large characters of "Huayan Temple" are written on it. The front hall of Huayan Temple is the Hall of the Four Heavenly Kings, the middle hall is the Daxiong Treasure Hall, and the rear hall is the Hundred Sons Hall. The Daxiong Treasure Hall is the main building of Huayan Temple, covered with green glazed tiles and a large ridge of two dragon play beads. Inside the hall, there are 8 supporting beams on the round wooden pillars, and the columns and beams are painted with xiangyun dragons and qionghua yao grass. In front of the temple, there is an ancient pagoda with a height of more than ten zhang, named "Sui Wen Pagoda", according to legend, The Sui Wen Emperor had a hand in the relic, and chose the name of the world to build a pagoda for thirty to hide, which began as one. This pagoda is a place of great fame and is a well-known Buddhist shrine along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Extremely valuable for historical research.
The whole temple is magnificent and magnificent, and it can be seen that as early as 1,000 years ago, Huantai's construction craftsmen showed superior architectural gifts and amazing skills.
Qi Huan Gong Opera Stage is located in the new city. "Qi Huan Gong Opera Horse Stage" is one of huantai's famous "eight ancient scenery", which is said to be an important place for qi huan gong to gather war horses, meet the princes, and show the strength of the country, which can be described as the historical witness of Qi Huan Gong's "nine and one prince and one kuang world". Before the Yuan Dynasty, Yitai Town was set up here, also known as Yitai, and there was originally a "Huanjing Temple" on the platform, according to Kangxi's "Records of Xincheng County": "The official ya is on the Huantai (drama) horse platform. "At that time, it was a representative work of Huantai's excellent architecture. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Lei Xuan of Zhixian County, Xincheng County, visited this stage and remembered its prosperous scene, and sighed and said: "Huantai ancient hegemony, drama horse Rao majestic." The garden is now an estate, and the site is still high. ”
The Temple of Literature is located in the new city. According to the "Chronicle of rebuilding Xincheng County", Huantai County began to build the Confucian Confucian Temple in the second year of the Yuan To Yuan Dynasty (1265). The main building, Dacheng Hall, double-storey bucket arch cornices, yellow glazed tile roof, the hall hangs the "WanshiShiShi Table" plaque, there is a wooden "Cloud Road" archway behind the crescent pond, there is Wenchang Ancestral Hall outside the gate, green glazed tile roof, and also built Minglun Hall, Qisheng Ancestral Hall, Lingxing Gate, Xiangxian Ancestral Hall, Famous Eunuch Ancestral Hall, Confucian Gate, etc. The Temple of Literature was expanded by the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and covers an area of 33 acres. There are more than 100 halls, pavilions, pavilions and so on.
Arctic Temple: Built in the 39th year of Ming Jiajing (1560)
The Arctic Temple is located in Xincheng, also known as Zhenwu Temple, built in the 39th year of Ming Jiajing (1560), opposite the north gate of xincheng. The temple was rebuilt and expanded in the Wanli years, the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), the fifty years of Qianlong (1785), and the second year of Guangxu (1876). The base of the Arctic temple platform is 10 meters high, with 33 steps, and the earth is compacted on all sides, and the outer bricks and stones are solid and solid. The main hall is carved with carved beams and painted roofs, covered with colorful glazed tiles, the second floor of the bell and drum is set on the left and right of the gate, the doors and windows are columns, the carved dragon is coiled, and there is a stone carved lion on both sides of the stage, and the whole building is very magnificent. According to legend, the second floor of the bell and drum was built by two craftsmen, and the canopy was tied up and closed for construction, and the two craftsmen each showed their skills to show their skills, so that the second floor of the bell and drum had different shapes and charms.
Xingfu Temple is located in Mufotang Village, Maqiao Town, and is one of the top ten Buddhist temples in Huantai. The date of the temple's founding is no longer known, but according to the Chronicle of the Rebuilding of Xincheng County, the temple was rebuilt at the end of Ming Jiajing. The temple is simple and magnificent, and it is one of the best ancient buildings in the prefecture. The temple originally had the Mountain Gate Hall, the Heavenly King Hall, and the Great Buddha Hall, with relief carvings, exquisite and exquisite paintings of xiangyun jiaolong. The statue of the Buddha, clad in robes and full of golden light, is full of colorful sculptures and wings; the statue of Luohan, with different postures, shows exquisite architectural craftsmanship and ingenious sculpture art everywhere.
Suozhen Wuhe Bridge was once known as the Jade Belt Bridge, which spans the Wuhe River in an east-west direction, and is named because the bridge reflects the water surface like a jade belt. The founding age is not examined, and the old bridge deck is low in stone folding and low, making it difficult to walk. In the forty-fourth year of the Ming Dynasty (1616), the township eunuch Yang Qizhen raised the bridge deck to make it smooth. In the twenty-sixth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1687), the township eunuchs were rebuilt in Jueshi, and in the third year of Qianlong (1738), the villagers collected donations for the renovation. In the twenty-first year of Daoguang (1841), Zhou Fengxue of Xincheng ZhiXian and Le'an Zhi County donated money to rebuild it successively. In the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu (1898), the two major families of Suozhen Gentry Shanggao and Miao took the lead in donating funds and replacing it with granite bridge decks, and iron pipe railings were set up on both sides. In the Qing Dynasty, the avenue leading to Linzi in the new city passed through the Jade Belt Bridge. In 1964, the Huantai County People's Government carried out reconstruction, raised the original piers, widened the bridge deck, installed street lights, and renamed it Suozhen Bridge. The bridge is 47 meters long and 5.35 meters high, and there is a boat-shaped high port in the river on the north side of the Jade Belt Bridge, which is 87 meters long from north to south, 31 meters wide from east to west, and has an area of 2400 square meters. Before it rains, the clouds are above the high port, and the clouds are like waves, so it is named "Yuntao Monument".
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, culture and education flourished in Huantai County, and prominent officials and celebrities appeared one after another, and a large number of people who were on the gold list and powerful bureaucratic squires competed to build mansions, forest gardens, monuments, and ancestral halls, demonstrating the superb architectural skills of Huantai construction craftsmen.
Wang Yuyang's former residence is located in xincheng, also known as Xicheng Villa, with 108 Ming and Qing Dynasty and Republic of China buildings, which is a rare northern ancient architectural complex in the country. In the 24th year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1685), Wang Yuyang was renovated in the changchun garden of his great-grandfather Wang Zhiyuan. The main building of the main courtyard is a four-entry courtyard. There is a garden, a fish pond, a carved wooden bridge, a rockery made of crushed stone, 15 meters high, and a hexagonal ancient pavilion built on the top of the hill, the pavilion is "Happy Rain Pavilion", standing can overlook the whole city.
Wang Yuyang Ancestral Hall is located in the southwest of Wang Yuyang's former residence, which was built by Wang Yuyang after his death. According to the "Chronicle of Xincheng County", the main building of the Yuyang Ancestral Hall is the main hall of the five trees, and the portrait of Wang Yuyang is engraved in the middle of the hall. The lintel of the gate is engraved with 12 large characters of "Jing Feast Official Punishment Department Shangshu Wang Shi Chendi", and on both sides of the gate stands a pair of carved stone lions about 1.8 meters high, which is quite imposing.
Zhongqin Ancestral Hall was built to commemorate Wang Yuyang's gaozu Wang Chongguang, and was rebuilt in 1983 as Wang Yuyang Memorial Hall, which is now a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. The whole building is a group of typical Ming Dynasty buildings, mainly including the main hall, the back hall, the east and west wing rooms and the shadow wall of the gate. The main hall was built in the sixteenth year of the Ming Dynasty (1588), brick and wood structure, tile ridge, wooden eaves rafters, heavy beams and heavy purlins, antique, simple and elegant. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the temple covered an area of more than 30 acres when it was in full bloom, and there were Yingtai, door-making, monument pavilions and so on. The pines and cypresses are towering, solemn and solemn. There are two hundred-year-old male and female ancient juniper trees in the courtyard. The three back halls, originally built in the early Ming Chongzhen Period, were added to the Sima Ancestral Hall for Wang Chongguang's eldest grandson, Xiang Qian, the Shangshu King of bingbu. The entire ancestral hall is well laid out.
The stele stone carvings in the temple are dazzling, known as the "forest of small steles", all because when the temple was first built, the Wang family was prosperous, only Wang Chongguang's children and grandchildren had 23 jinshi, including 19 people above the five pins of Beijing and foreign officials, 3 people of the official to the second grade, and the famous nobles have written words of praise for it, and the Wang family will engrave the praises, biographies, epitaphs, inscriptions, etc. on the stone stele, or stand in the courtyard of the Wang stele gallery, or list them in the main hall, in order to hang the name of Fang. At present, there are more than 185 written inscriptions in the Zhongqin Ancestral Hall. There are many garden stone carvings in the temple, among which the "Water Moon Pine Wind" stone screen and the Taihu stone "Cangyun", "Zhenyu" and "Bailu Stone" are the most famous, which can make people experience the fun of Jiangnan gardens.
4th Gongbaofang: Built in the 47th year of the Ming Dynasty (1619)
Known as the "First Brick Factory in China", the Fourth GongbaoFang is located in the present-day new town of Chengnan Village, which was founded in the 47th year of the Ming Wanli Calendar (1619), and has a history of 400 years, and is now a national key historical protection cultural relic. The square runs north-south, crosses the street, except for the base is a stone structure, the rest are green brick structures. Not only is the overall shape exquisite, majestic and solemn, elegant and beautiful, with high ornamental value, but also the integration of architecture, sculpture, calligraphy, painting and other arts in one, is still one of the few ancient brick arches in China. According to records, there were once 72 well-known arches in xincheng county, arranged according to the meridian road orientation in the city, most of which were made of blue boulders, and the stonemasons were skilled and carved very finely. The top has a floating pattern, no colored powder, and the base is inlaid with stone drums and stone beasts, which is solemn and elegant. Many of this huge group of archways are the ming and qing dynasty's praise for the Wenzhi martial arts of the recruits in Xincheng County, and are also a strong evidence of the heavy historical and cultural accumulation of Xincheng County. Due to the war, only the "IV Gongbao" square survived.
The workshop is divided into three layers, each layer is surrounded by exquisite reliefs, the bottom layer is carved with lotus petals, the middle layer is carved with clouds, and the upper layer is carved with dragon colts, unicorns, pine deer, running lions, ganoderma lucidum, xingyun, etc., with different forms and lifelike forms. On the boulder pedestals on both sides of the arch, there are eight stone lions carved, divided into front and back, male and female. The male teacher presses the hydrangea ball and poses wildly; the female lion embraces the young lion and gazes down. Above the large arch in the middle are two banner stone plaques, the upper and lower two banners, and the lower one is a Xugong plaque, engraved with the names, titles and gifts of the four generations of the Wang family. The plaque is engraved with four large characters of "Fourth Palace Protection", which is neat and energetic, and the atmosphere is elegant, which is passed down as the handwriting of Dong Qichang, a great calligrapher of the Ming Dynasty. The Fourth GongbaoFang is a masterpiece of classical architecture, sculpture and calligraphy. After 400 years, this workshop is still strong and magnificent, for Chinese and foreign tourists to see, which is a major miracle of Huantai architecture.
Gaojia Courtyard is located in dongzhen village of present-day Suozhen Town, that is, Gao Hongwen landlord's manor, located on the east bank of the Wuhe River, which is a typical Ming and Qing Dynasty "four and barrel house" architectural courtyard. The entire complex is divided into two parts. Part of it is the three-hall and six-compartment courtyard on the first floor of the north courtyard, and part of it is the pavilion courtyard in the southwest corner by the water.
The north courtyard was built in the 24th year of Qing Guangxu (1901), a total of three courtyards, arranged from south to north, the walls are all made of water milled green bricks, wooden carved eaves, the pattern is "phoenix peony", and the brick carvings under the four eaves corners are "pine, bamboo, plum, orchid", which are exquisitely shaped. The south gable is a shadow wall with a "Fu" character carved in the middle. In front of the south house, there is an east-west carved brick wall, and there is a carved grape on the wall, and the branches, stems, fruits and leaves of the grapes are vivid.
The third courtyard was built in mengxia in the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the gate is facing east, the construction is particularly elaborate, there is a stone plaque above the lintel, engraved with the words "Bohai Shixuan", which is the handwriting of gao Hongwen, the owner of the manor.
The complex was built by Zhang Chengmao of Houbi Village, Zhang Guangren of Dalong Village, Gao Qinghe of Dongzhen Village, and Linggong. From the construction of the three-hall and six-compartment room on the first floor, it can be seen that the outstanding design style and skillful architectural skills of the construction craftsmen can be seen. The Southwest Courtyard is mainly a pavilion building complex, which was built in the eleventh year of the Republic of China (1922), led by Zhang Yuren, and the design and technical requirements of this complex are higher than those of the North Courtyard. A plaque is embedded above the lintel of the gate of this courtyard, which reads, "The venerable obeys the healing." The left, right and upper sides of the plaque are carved with various patterns, like a tall city tower.
The courtyard is surrounded by water bays on the west and south sides, and the foundation part is built by Wang Quanxi, the son of Wang Jialan of Jinan's "Lanshun Construction Factory", and the craftsmen use stone blocks to build a slope, and the foundation is filled with triad soil. The construction project was undertaken by Zhang Yuren. There are no drawings for this project, the craftsmen conceived and built the work at the same time, the main building is the pavilion building on the west side, with a stone railing in front of the building, and the transparent carving is meticulous and moving. The pavilion is built in the southwest corner, with three floors and a log in each of the four corners to bear the load. On the south side of the courtyard are the hall houses, three rooms, the front out of the building, brick walls, wooden house frames, small bois roofs. From 1946 to 1947, the Gaojia Compound served as the seat of the three local committees of the Bohai District of the Communist Party of China. From 1948 to 1958, it was the office address of the Huantai County Committee of the Communist Party of China. Since September 1956, the Party School of huantai county party committee has been renamed as the party training class and has been located here.
From the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huantai's successive construction craftsmen have also built more than 100 ancient temples in the county, such as Kuiqiu, Quqiu, Weiyang, Xi'an, Yanxiang, Huicheng, Suulu, Jizicheng, and the magnificent Fuxing Temple, Kaiyuan Pagoda, Shengong Ancestral Hall, Huanggu Nunnery, Dasheng Temple, Xuandi Pavilion, Xingjiao Zen Temple, Iron Buddha Temple, etc. This ancient building with soul everywhere proves that Huantai's construction industry has a long history, and Huantai County is indeed a feng shui treasure land where a large number of skilled craftsmen have emerged. This also caters to the legend of history - according to legend, the divine craftsman Lu Ban traveled to the land of Qilu and found that the Huantai people were simple and thick, rich in hardships and hard work, intelligent and capable, and in addition to sighing, he opened his tile treasure chest and sprinkled all the tools, drawings, craft techniques, and talents and wisdom used in construction on the land of Huantai, so that the Huantai people had the aura of architecture, the ability of craftsmen, and the construction industry was passed down from generation to generation.