The origin of the Tong surname in the world - the ranking of the new hundred family names: 256

There are three origins of the Tong surname:

First, it originated from the Xia Dynasty and is the posthumous transformation of the Taishi Dynasty. King Tang of Xia Jie, the original Xia Dynasty Taishi was finally virtuous, the world was heavy, the King of Tang summoned him to join the Shang Dynasty, and after returning to the Shang Dynasty in ancient times, his descendants went to Si to be surnamed Dong, and added the surname of Tong next to the people. See History of the Road.

Second, in history, the surnames of the Manchus were given by place names. The Manchu ancestors lived in Tong Jia, Manchuria, and took the place name of the clan, called Tong Jia. Later renamed Tong Shi, Tong Guogang and Tong Yangzheng in the Qing Dynasty were.

3. The surname of the Jurchen clan in history. For example, Tong Cang (also known as Tong Cang) in the Ming Dynasty, that is, the second son of the Jurchen leader Mengke Tie Timur in the early Ming Dynasty.

The Han Tong clan originated from Liaodong and appeared very early in the Central Plains (Song-Zhang Ning's "Records of The Words and Deeds of Clan Names"). Generations have been the great clan of the Liao. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was borrowed as a surname for the Jurchens. After that, it was mixed and incorporated into the Han clan within the banner, and the Tong clan of the Han people in the Central Plains of the Qing Dynasty joined forces with the Manchu Tong clan in order to improve their status.

Tong surname allusion

* Valve reading Liaodong push first; article world envy unparalleled 1.

Note: 1 During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tong Wan's name was Tong Wan's affairs.

Does anyone know the origin of the Tong surname Hui?????

* Father and son three dukes 2; grandchildren two generals 3.

Note: 2 The Crown Prince of the Qing Dynasty, Tong Tulai, and his eldest son Tong Guogang and second son Tong Guowei were all awarded the title of First Rank Duke for their merits.

3 Qing Dynasty general Tong Yangsheng and his grandson Tong Guoyao (Feng Yi Dibo) were the generals of Fujian.

*The world remembers self-cultivation 4; descendants often read Ear 5.

Note: 4 Qing Dynasty Anhui Buzheng Tong Jingwen, author of "Sexual Theory and Self-Cultivation" and other books passed down.

5 Qing Dynasty Kangxi Linhezhi County Tong Shinan, author of "Fish Talk", "Book of Ears" and so on

Inner Mongolia has the Tong surname Mongolians, and some of them changed to Manchus during the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

1。 Guoxue master Zhang Taiyan examines "Tong surname"

[2] Among these Han Chinese, there is a Tong clan, and in the study of Manchu-Han relations, we must first pay attention to this clan. Mr. Zhang Taiyan wrote "Manchuria Examination" in his early years, and at the same time he was accompanied by a "Tong Examination", which shows how important the Tong surname was to the history of the Qing Dynasty.

Taking the Tong clan as an example, the relationship between Man and Han can be described as typically representative. Tong's original Liaodong Old Banner, Mr. Zhang's examination is: Although tong characters do not appear in Xu Shen's "Commentaries on the Interpretation of Texts," he is a master of ancient scripts, and he can find this character in the ancient rhyme book, and the note is a surname, which proves that as early as this time, there was Tong Wan, who was famous for his nengwen; in the Ming Dynasty, Tong's officials were not only one person. That is, taking the "Ming Shilu" as an example, there are many deeds of the Tong surname, such as Tong Yu of the Tianshun and Chenghua eras, and the commander of the official Kaiyuan Thirty Thousand Guards, which is an important position for border defense. Nothing else can be made here. In short, tong's original lineage of Han chinese has no doubt.

However, by the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Tong had become a "Manchurian", and its origins could be briefly explained———

A branch of the Tong clan of the Ming Dynasty, which originally lived in Kaiyuan, moved to Fushun ——— the Ming Dynasty set up a city to trade with jurchens, known as "Horse Market", and was actually a commodity, with Kai, Fu and other places as the border areas to enter the Liao trade and trade. Because of this Tong's contact with the Manchus, and Nurhaci's breakthrough of the Liao, with Fushun as the breakthrough point (the defender Li Yongfang surrendered, the situation in Eastern Liaoning changed greatly), and the Tong clan was already full, so it was also meritorious in this campaign.

Ming Ting, knowing of Tong's treason, killed many of his people, which became a major case at that time and was recorded in the annals of history. The most important figures in the Tong clan who descended to Jin (who had been given the title of Jin before the Manchus entered the Pass, which historians call hou jin, to distinguish it from the Jin state of the Song Dynasty) were Tong Yangzhen (later because of Yongzheng's suspicions, the official books were changed to "Yangzheng") and Tong Yangsheng. Yang Zhenben was the commander-in-chief of the Liaodong Army of the Ming Dynasty.

Tong Shengnian, the son of Yang Zhen, was known as "Bald Lai" in the early days, and later wrote "Tu Lai" in a yahua. He had two sons: Guo Gang and Guo Wei; a woman who entered the palace as a concubine of Shunzhi, who was born to the Kangxi Emperor——— and Concubine Tong as empress dowager, and was Empress Xiaokangzhang in the history books.

It can be seen from this that the Kangxi Emperor himself was already a Manchu han marriage double blood. As for the dozens of princes and imperial daughters born to Kangxi, among whom the birth mother was the daughter of the Manchu and Han tribes, there were also many Han women——— according to the history, there were many Han women of Kangxi's "concubines", and none of them were "show girls" who were regularly selected by the flag to enter the house. I am afraid that it is a matter outside the system, such as a Wang clan, who is actually the "daughter of ZhiXian County."

As for the fact that two daughters of the Tong family later entered the palace to become kangxi's concubines (cousin-style marriages); Tong Yang was already an eunuch (commonly known as a horse pack), and so on, it is not necessary to list them in detail. They are "sons and daughters" of each other for generations. All the children born are of mixed Manchu and Han descent.

This shows that the imperial family of the Qing Dynasty has long broken the boundaries of the manchu han ethnic group.

2。 headstream

The eight surnames of the Manchu Wang clan in Liaodong are explored

The Liaodong region was the birthplace of the Manchus and is still the place where the Manchu people live. Among the many Manchu surnames in Liaodong, the people of the Manchu settlement areas usually regard the eight Manchu surnames of Tong, Guan, Ma, Suo, He, Fu, Na, and Lang as Manchurian surnames, and at the same time commonly call them "Eight Surnames of Manchuria". However, the Manchu surname commonly known as the Eight Great Surnames today is a Chinese character surname that has been used and changed since the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Historically, they were the direct descendants of the Jurchens and were the ancestors of the Manchus who entered the Liaodong region in the early days.

Searching for the origin and evolution of the surnames of the eight surnames in Manchuria in Eastern Liaoning is an important topic in the study of the history of Manchu social development, an indispensable project in the study of Manchu genealogy, and it will provide a strong historical basis for the social situation in the early Manchu period. For the above reasons alone, this article analyzes the historical evolution process of the eight major surnames in the Manchu clan of Liaodong and asks the Fang family to correct it.

Manchu surnames have evolved frequently in the long course of history. "Although Manchuria was initially qualitative, it was later named by surname. The same is true of the eight manchu surnames in Liaodong in modern times, such as the change of Chinese character surnames. The Yang Ji Zhai Series records: "Whoever is public and private, whose name is not a surname, everyone is called by the first word of his name, and his surname is Ran." Its name will be either manchu or Chinese; in Chinese, two characters will be used, and three characters are not allowed, so that they are mixed with Manchu. From the above records, it can be seen that in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the Manchu clans showed a very irregular trend in the process of using Chinese character surnames and changing to Chinese character surnames. The emergence of this trend shocked even the Qianlong Emperor, the supreme ruler of the feudal Qing Dynasty, and had to issue the following edict: "The Eight Banners of Manchuria and Mongolia have surnames, but they have been around for a long time, and many of them have abandoned their original surnames along the Han Dynasty." That is, if the cow hu niushi, or change the name of lang, even if the previous word is called, it should also be called niu, how can it be called lang directly, the same as the Han surname Hu? Those with surnames are the foundation of Manchuria and are very important. If we do not straighten out now, if we follow it for a long time, we will forget our own surnames and will no longer know them. However, the shock and rectification of the ruling class did not actually play any role in restricting the Manchu surnames to be crowned with Chinese characters and changed their Chinese surnames, and even within the imperial family, irregular cases of Chinese character surnames appeared. The descendants of Shu'erhaqi, the younger brother of the Qing Taizu Nurhaci, the Manchu surname is Aixin Jueluo, but during this period, one clan even took the Chinese character Pu as a surname, which has been used to this day. In this kind of irregular integration of the national culture of using Chinese character surnames and changing to Chinese character surnames, the eight surnames of Manchuria in Eastern Liaoning are also under the above premise, and the original Manchurian surnames are respectively crowned and changed to Chinese character surnames, and the surnames are: Tong, Guan, Ma, Suo, He, Fu, Na, and Lang.

1． The Tong surname is a clan. Members of the Tong clan in Manchuria are found in every region of Liaodong. Modern and modern place names Such as Tong Jia Jiang, Tong Jia, Tong Jia, Tong Jia and many other village fort names are the places where they have lived. The surname Tong or Tong and Tong are the same Manchu surname, which is a homophone, and is derived from Tong Jia. Tong Jia was originally surnamed Tong Jia. Regarding the Tong Jia clan in the early Qing Dynasty, the "General Genealogy of the Eight Banners Clan of Manchuria" records Tong Yangzheng, a member of the Tong Jia clan, as follows: "Tong Yangzheng, a man with yellow flags, lives in the tong family place. During the Ming Dynasty, his ancestor Darhantu Motu traded with Dongwang, Wang Zhaozhou, Suoshengge, etc., and then lived in Kaiyuan and then moved to Fushun. "In the historical records, the surname Tong in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties was Tong Jia, which was based on the place name Tong Jia, and many of its clan members entered the Mingbian to trade. As a land-based surname, it is a major feature of the Ming Dynasty Jurchen people's surname, they are in the constant migration and fishing and hunting life needs, and the habitat as the surname, such as the Jueercha clan, Zhang Jia clan, Suo Qiluo clan and so on are the same. However, these surnames are Jurchen surnames that appeared in the Ming Dynasty, and their category of land-based surnames is similar to today's Tongjia village, Zhangjiapu and other modern place names named after surnames. However, these place names named after the Ming Dynasty are not the original surnames of their clans.

Before the middle of the Ming Dynasty, according to the Korean "Dragon Flying Royal Heavenly Song", "there is a surname of Jiawen in the Jurchens." After historical investigation, Jiawen is a Jurchen surname in the Jin and Yuan dynasties, and it is also a harmonic sound of jiagu surname. Jiagu is a larger Jurchen surname in the Jin Dynasty. There are more than a dozen biographies of people with the surname of Jiagu in the "Biography of Jin Shi Lie". For example: "The real name of the Yingya Qingchen is Abusha, and huli changed the road to Huan Duren." Majestic and good at riding and shooting. In the eighth year of the imperial unification, the ancestors sailed to Meng'an." "Jia Gu Heng, whose real name is Ali Bu, the mountain east and west road Meng An Yi beat the Mo Ke people also." In the thirteenth year of Dading, he created a female zhijin shiju, the fourth person in Hengzhong, and a professor in Dongping Province. Regarding the surname Ofegawa, the Jinshi Chinese notes that it reads: "仝) in the "Mezzanine Valley". Tong, Tong and Tong are homophones in Chinese characters, and they are also the same Jiagu surname and evolved into the Jiawen surname contained in Korean historical materials. Historically, this surname has been used by the Qing Taizu Nurhaci and his predecessors, and historical records have also been recorded, such as "Yilan Dou manjia Wen Meng brother Timur, Tong Fancha, Tong Weichang, Tong Ta Lost, Tong Nur Hachi" and so on. It can be seen from the above that the descendants of the Jurchens in Jianzhou today, the surnames of Tong, Tong and Tong, who are crowned with Chinese characters, are all Jurchen Jiagu surnames from the Jin Dynasty.

Jiagu ancestral hall universal couplet(455)

First, the origin of the surname

The surname Jā gǔ Is pure, and there is one source:

From the Jurchen clan, he was named after the tribe. During the Song Dynasty, the Jurchen people in the north established the Jin Kingdom, among which there were many people with the surname Jiagu. The Jin Dynasty Jurchen surname Isagu, and the Chinese character is "Tong", that is, Tong or Tong. Among the Surnames of the Jin Dynasty, there were the famous generals of the Jin Dynasty, the Qingchen of the Valley, the Huli Road (roughly including the middle and lower reaches of Heilongjiang Province and the vast area of the lower reaches of the Songhua River), and the daughter of the Qing Dynasty was Zhaoyi in the Palace of the Jin Dynasty. Since the Qingchen of Jiagu was a noble relative of the Jin Dynasty's Huli changing roads, some local tribesmen also adopted the Jiagu surname. Nurhaci of Jianzhou in the Ming Dynasty and his ancestors once took Tong as their surname and called themselves "AiXin", which translates to Jin in Chinese. Therefore, the surname of the famous family at that time was also one of the origins of the surname.

Ancestor of the surname: Jurchen. According to the records of the "Surname Examination", this compound surname comes from the Jin Dynasty, jurchen Jiagubu, and later falsely known as The Valley. In 1115 AD, the Jurchen leader of the Jurchen clan, Ah Kuan, was proclaimed emperor, with the state name Jin, the era name receiving the state, and the capital Ning (present-day Acheng South, Heilongjiang Province). In 1125 AD, the Liao Dynasty was destroyed, and the following year the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed. It was successively moved to Yanjing (present-day Beijing) and Kaifeng. The surname of the Jiagu clan has a history of only more than 800 years, which is the shortest history among the surnames. The descendants of the Jiagu clan regarded Jurchen as the ancestor of the Jiagu surname.

2. Migration distribution

Historically, ethnic minorities such as the Jurchens had the "Jiagu" tribe, which was translated as the Guarjia clan and later falsely rumored to be "Jiagu". And they take the tribal name as their surname. During the Song Dynasty, the Jurchen clan in the north established a state of Jin, which competed with the Song Dynasty at that time. There are many Jiagu clans in the Jin Kingdom, so the Jiagu clan is famous for a while. Now in Shanghai, Shenyang and other places, there are people with the surname Jiagu Fu surname. The Che surname is not listed in the top 100 surnames in mainland China and Taiwan.

3. Historical celebrities

Jia Gu Heng: The real name ali is not, the mountain east and west road three earths meng an Yi beat the Mou Ke people. Jin Dynasty Dading Jinshi, Professor of Dongping Province. He was transferred to the Yang Book, selected as an editor of the National History Academy, and changed to the Hanlin script, which was greatly appreciated by Sejong. When Cheng'an was in charge of pingzhang' political affairs.

Sandwich: JinDaizan Imperial Book.

Jiagu Xienu: A fierce general in front of Jin Taizu's tent, he once defeated the Song soldiers in Dayu Town, and the official zhi Zhaoyi Jiedushi envoy. His knowledge was also very good, and he was fluent in Jurchen, Khitan and Chinese languages. During the taizu period, he served as a left-wing guard. Jiagu Chala, the son of Jiagu Xienu, was a good official when he was appointed as the envoy of the Dechang Army, with diligent governance, the border was safe, the road was not left behind, and the bobu was afraid.

Jiagu Hula: A famous general of the Jin Dynasty who defeated the Song army in Shandong.

Zhonggu Shouzhong: A famous loyalist of the Jin Dynasty, he gave his life heroically when the Xia soldiers attacked Gongzhou.

Jiagu Qingchen: His real name is Abusha, Huli Changed Road Huan Duren, majestic posture, good at riding and shooting, official to the Prime Minister of the Jin Dynasty. He once served as an envoy of the Henghai Navy in Shandong, a defense envoy in Bozhou, an envoy to the Shaanxi Road Unified Army, and a minister in Jingzhao Province. In the twenty-sixth year of Dading (1186), he changed his name to Xijing and remained behind. He has written poems such as "Xijing Left behind in the valley Qingshen Suo" and "The Collection of The Creek", and "Jin Shi Jia Gu Qingchen" has been passed down. Zhenren has lived in Guanzhong for many years, pursuing the theory and realm, as Zhenren himself said: "The heart is like a mountain, and the qi is like a constant tide in the sea." "There is no movement, and there is no action, and there is action." To attain attainments, it can be said that we can explore the mysteries of the Xuan Zhao, become virtuous, and carry forward Taoism when we are hidden.

Jiagu Shanshou: Yin of Chong'an County in the Yuan Dynasty.

The Wonder of the Valley: Character Shi Chang, by Ma Jiling Sprinkled Water Migration Home in Tengzhou. Qi Shao lonely, Uncle Du took him to Dongping, because he was employed by Kang Ye. Professor Jining was awarded the title of Professor of Jining, and he was awarded the Title of Zhongshu Province. The large soldiers attacked the Song Dynasty in the south and appointed the province to the left and right sidu affairs. When there was a gap between the provincial officials and the Zhongshu courtiers, the special envoys were sent to verify their financial use, and the documents of the strange position were also questioned. Zhang Hongfan led his subordinate emissaries to say: "The valley is all pure and clean, if there is little invasion of fishing, Hongfan should sit with lian." "Hui Yushi Tai Li, Promoted Qiyou Jiangnan Zhejiang West Province, punished according to the Investigation Division, and then moved to the north of the You River and Huaidong." In the nineteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, he was summoned to the rank of LangZhong (吏部郎中), and the method of descending to Chengzhi was written as a lingshi. In the years of drought, there is a plan to flatten the price of the valley to curb the scourge. The strange words: "Mo Ruo province funds, quit the battle of civil engineering, summon peace, and change, and there is a period of abundance." "Twenty-one years, move to the left to praise Dr. Shan shan." Shi Yuzong was the crown prince, and every time he entered, he would be given a seat, and he would be very good at what he met. If the powerful ministers want to benefit the country by losing the law equally, they are worried about the punishment according to the inspection division, and ask the order and the transport department to be the same position, and the edict is discussed by the ministers. The miracle of the saying: "According to the inspector, control the roads, commit adultery, and the responsibility is light." If you manage your finances, you will be tired and redundant, and you will be able to save yourself and correct others! And it's easy. "It's over. He also had ten affairs with Li Qian, the crown prince of Shang: one was righteous, the second was good, the third was Chongjian, the fourth was a few advices, the fifth was a soldier, the sixth was a pro-xian, the seventh was Ge, the eighth was Shangwen, the nine laws were known, and the tenth was a correct name. Crown Prince Xue, in addition to Hanlin Zhishi, changed to the official Shilang, and then worshiped the imperial history. For twenty-five years, Ding Mu was worried, and she repeatedly asked for the final system, and was not allowed. He died the following year.

Yarrow Valley Wuri Supplement: JinDai Bo Te Ben Clan Festival. He made meritorious achievements in battle and was awarded the title of Duke of Ruiguo, at the age of 105.

4. Gunwangtang

1. County

Fucheng: Fucheng (there was no "county" system during the Jin Yuanming period). Fucheng in the Jin Dynasty was Fuzhou,000, and the seat of government corresponded to the area around present-day Zhangbei County in Hebei Province (north of present-day Zhangjiakou City).

2. Hall number (missing)

【Common couplet of the ancestral hall of the jiagu surname】

〖Jiagu Surname Ancestral Hall Five Words Universal Union〗

Cai Jie Ping Zhangshi;

Birthday star Rui Guogong.

---------------------------------------

The Shanglian Dian refers to the Jin Dynasty Dading Jinshi Jiagu Heng, a professor of GuandongpingFu, who later transferred Fan Yang's master book, and was quite appreciated by Sejong. Sejong said of Zaichen: "The talented and talented among the jinshi are rare, such as the valley heng, and the useful talent." "Cheng'an Zhongbai Pingzhang's political affairs." The Lower Lian Dian refers to the Jin Dynasty Bo Te Ben clan Jiedu Jia Gu Wu Li Supplement, the Dark Earth Hun River people. He made meritorious military achievements and was made the Duke of Ruiguo. He died at the age of one hundred and five.

Liling Liu Huize;

Lotus pond blooms fragrant flowers.

Shanglian Dian refers to Yin Jiagu Shanshou of Chong'an County in the Yuan Dynasty, Jurchen. When Yan Youzhong was appointed as the yin of Chong'an County, his territory had Pear Ridge, the road was dangerous and difficult to pass, the mountain life was chiseled into the road, and the county school was repaired, and the people did not forget it. The Lower Lian Dian refers to the Jin Dynasty praising the emperor's book of valleys, saving the party, and strictly curing adultery. It is a locust drought, on which the people depend. There are ponds in the county that produce lotuses, which do not open for a long time, and when they come from the sun, the lotus flowers in the old age, and people think that they are feeling different from the government.

〖Jiagu Surname Ancestral Hall Six Words Universal Union〗

Privet tribe Qi surname;

The Golden Dynasty began.

The Quanlian Dian refers to the origin of the Jiagu surname and the rise of the Jiagu clan of the Jin Dynasty.

〖Jiagu Surname Ancestral Hall More Than Seven Words General Union〗

Proficiency in three languages;

Ensure that Houyi Lishu settles down.

The Shanglian Dian refers to the Jin Dynasty Zhao Rebel Army Jiedushi Jiagu Xienu, Naru Repent river people. Good at riding and shooting, Tongzi Zhi, Khitan and Chinese language writing. When Taizu was in charge, he led the left wing guards. The Lower Lian Dian refers to the Jin Dynasty praising the emperor's book of valleys, saving the party, and strictly curing adultery. It is a locust drought, on which the people depend. There are ponds in the county that produce lotuses, which do not open for a long time, and when they come from the sun, the lotus flowers in the old age, and people think that they are feeling different from the government.

The origin of the surname is pure, the source is from the Jurchen tribe, and the surname is named after the tribe. During the Song Dynasty, the Jurchen people in the north established the Jin Kingdom, among which there were many people with the surname Jiagu. The Jin Dynasty Jurchen surname Isagu, and the Chinese character is "Tong", that is, Tong or Tong.

Among the Surnames of the Jin Dynasty, there were the famous generals of the Jin Dynasty, the Qingchen of the Valley, the Huli Road (roughly including the middle and lower reaches of Heilongjiang Province and the vast area of the lower reaches of the Songhua River), and the daughter of the Qing Dynasty was Zhaoyi in the Palace of the Jin Dynasty. Since the Qingchen of Jiagu was a noble relative of the Jin Dynasty's Huli changing roads, some local tribesmen also adopted the Jiagu surname.

Nurhaci of Jianzhou in the Ming Dynasty and his ancestors once took Tong as their surname and called themselves "AiXin", which translates to Jin in Chinese. Therefore, the surname of the famous family at that time was also one of the origins of the surname.

Ancestor of the surname: Jurchen. According to the records of the "Surname Examination", this compound surname comes from the Jin Dynasty, jurchen Jiagubu, and later falsely known as The Valley. In 1115 AD, the Jurchen leader of the Jurchen clan, Ah Kuan, was proclaimed emperor, with the state name Jin, the era name receiving the state, and the capital Ning (present-day Acheng South, Heilongjiang Province). In 1125 AD, the Liao Dynasty was destroyed, and the following year the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed. It was successively moved to Yanjing (present-day Beijing) and Kaifeng.

The surname of the Jiagu clan has a history of only more than 800 years, which is the shortest history among the surnames. The descendants of the Jiagu clan regarded Jurchen as the ancestor of the Jiagu surname.

II. Migration distribution (missing)

Historically, ethnic minorities such as the Jurchen tribe had the "Gagu" tribe, which was translated as the Guarjia clan and later falsely rumored to be "Jiagu". And they take the tribal name as their surname. During the Song Dynasty, the Jurchen clan in the north established a state of Jin, which competed with the Song Dynasty at that time. There are many Jiagu clans in the Jin Kingdom, so the Jiagu clan is famous for a while. Now in Shanghai, Shenyang and other places, there are people with the surname Jiagu Fu surname. Neither the mainland nor Taiwan is included in the top 100 surnames.

Jia Gu Heng: The real name ali is not, the mountain east and west road three earth meng an Yi beat the Mou Ke people. Jin Dynasty Dading Jinshi, Professor of Dongping Province. He was transferred to the Yang Book, selected as an editor of the National History Academy, and changed to the Hanlin script, which was greatly appreciated by Sejong. When Cheng'an was in charge of pingzhang' political affairs.

The Valley Of the Valley: The Imperial Book of Jindaizan.

1. Gunwang Fucheng: Fucheng (there was no "county" system during the Jin Yuanming period). Fucheng in the Jin Dynasty was Fuzhou,000, and the seat of government corresponded to the area around present-day Zhangbei County in Hebei Province (north of present-day Zhangjiakou City).

3。 First, the origin of the surname

The surname Tóng comes from three sources:

1. It is from the surname of Dong, originating from the Xia Dynasty, and is a descendant of Taishi Andugu. According to the "History of the Road", the Tang King cut Xia Jie, the original Xia Dynasty Taishi was a virtuous person, and the world was heavy, so the Tang King summoned him to join the Shang Dynasty, and after returning to the Shang Dynasty in ancient times, his descendants went to Si to be surnamed Dong, and later added the surname of Tong.

2. From the Tong Jia clan, the surname of the Manchu people in history, with the name of the place as the surname. The Manchu ancestors lived in Tong Jia, Manchuria, and took the place name of the clan, called Tong Jia. Later Jian changed his surname to Tong and called Tong. In the Qing Dynasty, Tong Guogang and Tong Yangzheng were.

3. The surname from the historical Jurchen clan. For example, Tong Cang (also known as Tong Cang) in the Ming Dynasty, that is, the second son of the Jurchen leader Mengke Tie Timur in the early Ming Dynasty.

The first ancestor of the surname: the ancient. In the last year of the Xia Dynasty, Xia Jie's Taishi official, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor, named Zhonggu, saw that the Xia Dynasty had run out of qi, so he switched to Shang Tang and changed his surname to Tong to show his isolation from the Xia Dynasty. Because he was a rare sage, he was highly valued, and posterity was proud of him, so he took Tong as his surname and called him Tong. Therefore, the descendants of the Tong clan are regarded as the ancestors of the Tong surname.

The surname Tong is not listed in the top 100 surnames in mainland China and Taiwan. China's Tong clan, according to scholars, began in the Xia Dynasty 3700 years ago, and the last monarch of the Xia Dynasty, Xia Jie, had a Taishi Final Gu, who was the ancestor of the Tong clan. According to the "History of the Road", the Taishi of the Xia Dynasty eventually submitted to the Shang, and the descendants were called Tong. The Northern Yan Record records Tong Wan of Liaodong, famous for his articles. The Tong clan is a large clan in the Liaodong region of China. In the pre-Qing Dynasty, according to genealogical records, their ancestors were originally Manchurians, and because of their ancestral residence in Tong Jia (Tong Jia is now the Tong Jia River in Liaoning Province, one of the tributaries of the Yalu River, because the Tong surname is concentrated here, also known as the Tong Jia River or Tong Jia River), so they take the land as a clan. And the surname is Tong. All the Tong families in Liaodong are all descendants of the Manchurians. Therefore, the Tong clan of Liaodong should be said to have two branches, one is the Han people, and the other is the descendants of the later Manchus, and this branch of the Tong clan is more developed. Tong surnamed Liaodong Commandery (楊嵫郡, roughly modern Liaodong Commandery, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province).

Tong Yangsheng: Kaiyuan people at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Tong Jia, who originally lived in Kaiyuan, later moved from Kaiyuan to Fushun, returned to Houjin, and belonged to the Zhenglan Banner of the Han Army. Nurhaci took the daughter of the patriarch as his wife and was given the title of deputy general of the third rank. After the sixth year of jin tianfeng (1621), he served as a military commander in Shenyang, Baliaoyang, and Xugong Jin.2 In the fifth year of Tiancong's reign (1631), he was appointed to the post of Governor of the Han Dynasty. Forty red-clad cannons were cast as the beginning of the later golden cannons. In the sixth year, Emperor Taiji conducted a military parade in the north of the city, and he led his troops to test artillery, put on armor and array, strictly reorganize the army, and govern the army well, which was deeply praised. He died in the same year. At the beginning of Shunzhi, he pursued Qinhui.

Tong Tulai: In the first famous year, the Qing Dynasty was attached to the Han army with a yellow flag, and the world lived in Kaiyuan, and later moved to Fushun. Hereditary office. Tiancongjian, from attacking the Daling River, entered the second class of the general. Chongdejian was granted the right to participate in politics. From Jinzhou, Songshan, Tashan, Xingxingshan. In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), he entered the customs with Dolgun, surrendered to The Prefectures of Shandong, moved to Taiyuan, and surrendered to Fuzhou County, Shanxi, and marched west to suppress Li Zicheng's rebel army. Five years, the appointment of generals in the south, eight years of division return, the emperor to give a banquet, the ceremonial department waiter, progressive third class Jingqi Nihafan. Beg for a while, add the prince Taibao, and die. Tan Qinxiang.

Tong Guogang: Tong Tulai's eldest son, after Tong Tulai's death, by his son Tong Guogang inherited the title, Tong Guogang has the legacy of his father, fighting bravely and bravely, regardless of his life, so that he was martyred on the battlefield, after his death Kangxi was very sad, personally wrote a tribute, saying that Tong Guogang "loyalty and courage are both!" Worthy of the Manchurian family (Tong Guogang died in Kangxi's war against the Dzungars), he posthumously awarded the title of Taifu.

Tong Guowei: Tong Tulai's second son, this is a very key figure, the Tong family began to move from his tribe to Guisheng. Tong Guowei was Kangxi's uncle and also Kangxi's father-in-law, Tong Guowei's daughter was Kangxi's Empress Xiaoyiren, Tong Guowei was the younger brother of the hereditary first-class duke Tong Guowei, after Tong Guowei's death, Tong Guowei was rewarded to the first-class duke because of the empress's original reason, and then the official Yun Hengtong, successively served as the minister of parliament, the minister of the interior of the consular guard, the two most conspicuous things in his life, one was to capture Wu Sangui's son Wu Yingxiong in the early years, and the other was to participate in the activities of abolishing the prince in his later years, this time almost did not kill Kangxi, Later, after Tong Guowei's death, Kangxi often scolded him and did not give him a nickname until Yongzheng ascended the throne, and he saw that he gave Taifu to the face of his son Long Keduo.

Tong Shi Nan: Zi Meiling, a native of Manchuria (Liaodong) in the Qing Dynasty. Kangxi Linhezhi County, good at filling in words, longer than Xiao Ling, rhetorical elegance, beautiful artistic conception, tortuous and subtle, the style of words is similar to Naran's character. He is the author of "Dongbaitang Words", "Fish Talk", "Book of Ears" and so on.

Liaodong County: (1) County, country name. Warring States Yanzhi County. The qia was located in Xiangping (present-day Liaoyang, Liaoning), and its jurisdiction was east of the Daling River in present-day Liaoning Province. The Western Jin Dynasty was changed to a state. After the Sixteen Kingdoms, the end of Yan entered the ***. Northern Yan also established Liaodong Commandery in the western part of present-day Liaoning Province. Northern Qi was abolished. During the reign of Emperor An of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the two counties of Liaodong and Western Liaoning were placed as the capital of the Liaodong State. The seat of government was changli (present-day Yi County). Its jurisdiction covers the middle and lower reaches of the Daling River in the western part of present-day Liaoning Province. The Three Kingdoms of Wei was changed to Changli Commandery(昌郡). (2) The name of the capital. In the fourth year (1371) of Ming Hongwu, he established the Liaodu Wei, and in the eighth year (1375), it was changed to the Liaodong Dusi. The seat of government was in Dingliao Zhongwei (present-day Liaoyang). The jurisdiction is most of present-day Liaoning Province. Since the orthodoxy, due to the southward movement of the Wuliangha tribes, the Liaohe Tao (now the land on both sides of the middle reaches of the LiaoHe River) has been gradually lost; from the first year of the Tianqi (1621) to the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), the whole territory was merged by the Later Jin (Qing). (3) The name of the military town. One of the "Nine Sides" of the Ming Dynasty. It is quite the jurisdiction of the Liaodong Dusi. The commander-in-chief of the town guard was stationed in Guangning (present-day Beizhen, Liaoning), and after the first year of Longqing (1567), he moved to Liaoyang (present-day Liaoyang) in the winter. Abandoned at the end of the Ming Dynasty. (4) The name of the region. It refers to the area east of the Liao River. Synonymous with Liaozuo.

【Tong surname ancestral hall universal couplet】

〖Tong Surname Ancestral Hall Five Words Universal Union〗

Father and son of the three dukes;

Two generals.

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The Shanglian Dian refers to the Qing Dynasty crown prince Taibao Tong Tulai, his eldest son Tong Guogang, and his second son Tong Guowei, all of whom were successively awarded the title of first-class dukes for their merits. Xialian Dian refers to the Qing Dynasty general Tong Yangsheng and his grandson Tong Guoyao (Feng Yibo) who were tired of serving as Fujian generals.

〖Tong Surname Ancestral Hall Six Words Universal Union〗

The article is well-known as Liaozuo;

Calligraphy and painting are good at Xiangping.

The Shanglian Canon guides the Liaodong tong fang during the Northern Dynasty, who is knowledgeable and famous for his articles. Xialian Dian refers to tong Shijin, a Xiangping person in the Qing Dynasty, who was good at painting gongshu and was particularly good at painting landscapes and shrimp and crabs.

〖Tong Surname Ancestral Hall Seven Words Universal Union〗

Valve reading Liaodong push first;

The article is the envy of the world.

The All-Union Dictionary guides the Tong Dynasty during the Northern Dynasty.

The world remembers self-cultivation;

Descendants often read ear books.

The Shanglian Dian refers to tong Jingwen, the governor of Anhui in the Qing Dynasty, who wrote books such as "The Theory of Sexual Theory and Self-Cultivation". Xialian Dian refers to Tong Shinan of Kangxi Linhezhi County in the Qing Dynasty, who wrote "Fish Talk" and "Book of Ears" and so on.

The article is well-known in Liaozuo;

Calligraphy and painting are good at Xiangping.

The Shanglian Canon guides the Liaodong tong fang during the Northern Dynasty, and is famous for its articles. Xialian Dian refers to Tong Shijin, a Xiangping man of the Qing Dynasty, who was good at books and paintings.

Red Cannon to support the performance;

The white-waisted thief was ordered to surrender to the city.

The Shanglian Dian refers to Tong Yangsheng, a Liaodong man in the early Qing Dynasty, who was in charge of the red-clad cannon during the Tiancong years, and the cannon body was engraved with the words "Heavenly Blessing to Help the Great General", which was used to attack the city of Dalinghe and was invincible. Xialian Dian refers to Tong Guoyao, Tong's adoptive grandson, who was the official and deputy governor during the Shunzhi period. Wu Sangui rebelled against the Qing Dynasty, and he stationed himself as the governor of Yuyang and defeated the former deputy general Hong Fu of Yunyang and Yang Laijia, the general of Xiangyang, who responded to Wu Sangui, and made him a first-class uncle. He once recruited Lu Kai and others from Baiwaicheng, and was promoted to the rank of Fujian general.

There is wine in this day and drunk in this day;

No money in the evening, busy in the evening.

One of the references to the origin of the surname Mezzanine

Historically, ethnic minorities such as the Jurchens had the "Jiagu" tribe, which was later falsely rumored to be the "Valley". And they take the tribal name as their surname. During the Song Dynasty, the Jurchen clan in the north established a state of Jin, which competed with the Song Dynasty at that time. There are many Jiagu clans in the Jin Kingdom, so the Jiagu clan is famous for a while.

After the fall of the Jin Dynasty, the Jurchens were roughly divided into two parts, one part was the Jurchen people who stayed in the homeland of Jinyuan during the Jin Dynasty, and in the Yuan Dynasty, they were called Nüzhi, Shui Dada, Wuer, Qiliemi, Bone Ridge, etc., living in the Songhua River Basin, the lower reaches of the Heilongjiang River and the Ussuri River Basin, and later developed into Manchus;[50] The other part was the Jurchens who moved south to the Central Plains during the Jin Dynasty, and since the middle of the Jin Dynasty, their sinicization has gradually deepened, and by the time of the Yuan Dynasty, they were no longer regarded as Jurchens, but were called "Han Chinese". The Jurchen descendants discussed in this article are mainly from the latter.