Genetic studies have found that Ji Zhou and Yelü are of the same lineage
First, the discovery of the Ji Zhou family patrilineal-Y haplogroup
As early as three years ago, the well-known gene root-seeking business measurement agency, through database statistics and in-depth detailed calculations, has found several large family patrilineal Y haplogroup types that have had strong outbreaks more than 3,000 years ago and the same period as the establishment of Ji Zhou, and through the comprehensive judgment of many indicators such as first-level branches, continuous outbreak years, distribution areas and coverage in the surnames of Ji Zhou's descendants, N-F1998 has been listed as the main candidate type of Ji Zhou paternal lineage. For example, in the rare Ji Zhou descendant surnames such as Ji, Dongye, Gan, Linghu, and Bi, F1998 is widely found, and F1998 accounts for less than 1% of contemporary Chinese males, and F1998 can be found in most typical Ji Zhou descendant surnames, which also proves that F1998 is highly related to Ji Zhou.
However, the further confirmation of the Ji Zhou paternal Y type is related to a paper published in the Journal of Genetics in August this year, "Ancient Genome Reveals the Patriarchal Origin of the Li Nobles in the Spring and Autumn Period", which was cooperated by well-known domestic anthropological research institutions, front-line scholars and experts and a number of units at home and abroad. The patrilineal type of the Nobles of the Lebanese Kingdom was determined to be N1a2-F1360 (see figure below for the results). The study combined ancient DNA and Y chromosome target region capture testing techniques to study 50 modern samples and 2 samples of nobles from the Xiguan cemetery in Lebanon, and explored the source flow of the patrilineal lineage of the nobles of the Lebanese state.
According to historical records, in the early Zhou Dynasty, the area of the old Li Kingdom was divided into Bi Gonggao, the son of Ji Chang, the King of ZhouWen, and combined with archaeological research, the actual cemetery measured this time was the Bi Gonggao family cemetery. According to the results of the Xia-Shang-Zhou Dynasty Project, the establishment date of Ji Zhou is consistent with the time of N-F1998 from this year, and the era of Gong Liu's creation of the Zhou Clan recorded in historical records is also consistent with the outbreak date of M128 upstream of F1998.
Conclusion: The results of the actual measurement of ancient DNA in the aristocratic cemetery of the State of Li are consistent with the ji zhou type calculated by the commercial testing agency for the contemporary user big data by inverted method. The result was N1a2-M128-F1998
Second, the discovery of the family cemetery of Yelü Yu and the actual measurement of ancient DNA
In 1992, Inner Mongolia Chifeng Arukorqin Banner, local compatriots reported a case of tomb robbery, Inner Mongolia cultural relics related departments immediately carried out rescue excavations, after research 8 tombs belong to the same family, according to the epitaph, is the family tomb of Yelü Yu. Yelü Yuzhi was a courtier of the Liao Kingdom, and his grandfather Yelü Yulu was the grandfather of Yelü Abaoji, the grandfather of Liao Taizu, and Yelü Yuzhi and Yelü Abaoji were cousins of the same grandfather. In addition, the burial epitaphs of the three tombs also record in more detail the three generations of descendants of the tomb owner, Yelü Yuzhi: Yelü Yuanning, the grandson of Yelü Yu, the great-grandson Yelü Daoqing, and the family life of Yelü Qi, which provides a reliable basis for determining the cemetery and the burial period.
There are empty tombs, altars next to the tomb of Yelü Yu, and some Liao Dynasty noble tombs nearby, but they have been excavated and destroyed by jin soldiers.
Regarding the issue of the origin of the Khitan clan in the Liao Kingdom, it is written in the epitaph of Yelü Yu that the Khitan "zongfen (jí) head, sent out a stone locust", which means: The khitan ancestor was the Qishou Khan, derived from the Eastern Han Dynasty Xianbei leader Tan Shi Huai, which provides physical evidence for the study of literature, regardless of whether his family memory is true and accurate, at least indicating that the family history of the Yelü royal family at that time was so considered. In addition, is the Arukorqin Banner in Chifeng City, where the yelü Yu family cemetery is located, the "birthplace" of the Diela department that unifies the Khitan tribes? Further research is needed.
Ancient DNA of the Tomb of the Yerushalayim Family
The Ancient DNA Project of the Yelü Yu Family is a project cooperation between two well-known universities in China, which measured the remains of Yelü Daoqing, the third generation of Yelü Yu's grandson, and finally released the research conclusion after proof: The Yelü Royal Family Y Haplogroup Type is N-M128, and the following figure is the picture of the seminar site.
N-M128 is also known as N North Branch N1a2-M128, which is related to the currently studied Ji Zhou family Y haplotype, which is more than 3,000 years ago. This result was quite surprising, it turned out that the Fan State Liao State, which had repeatedly invaded our Great Song dynasty and fought bloody battles with the Yang family, was actually established by Ji Zhou's tongzong distant branch, which was really a miraculous discovery.