Before the Qin Dynasty, Vietnam did not have a large country above the tribal level. The Qin Dynasty included northern Vietnam in the elephant capital. At the time of the fall of the Qin Dynasty, this xiang county, along with the two counties of Nanhai and Guilin, was divided by Zhao Tuo, an official of the Qin Dynasty, and established the "South Vietnamese Empire", which contained both the territory of present-day northern Vietnam and Guangdong and Guangxi. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty destroyed South Vietnam and established nine counties: the land of Xiangxiang County was set up with Jiaojiao, Jiuzhen, and Ninan, and the South China Sea was also divided from Guilin, and the Nanhai, Dan'er, Zhuya, Hepu, Cangwu, Yulin, and Nine Counties were all supervised by jiaolu Thorn History; By the time of the Later Han Dynasty, Jiaozhou was established.
From the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to the time of the Fifth Dynasty, the places in the three counties of Jiaolu, Jiuzhen, and Nichinan were often changed (and often collectively referred to as Jiaoqiao), which has always been a territory of China, no different from the prefectures and counties in the interior.
Wu Quan was proclaimed king in the fourth year (939) of Tianfu (939) of the Later Jin Dynasty. Since then, northern Vietnam has changed from a state to a vassal. Internal dynasties change, and the name of the country changes frequently. The monarch is called king of the Chinese court and emperor of his own country. When Zhu Yuanzhang unified China, the Vietnamese monarch surnamed Chen and the name Rihuang were named "King of Annam" in June of the second year of Hongwu. The descendants of the Chen clan were killed by the powerful minister Li Jimo in the first year of Jianwen, leaving only one Chen Tianping and fleeing to Laos.
The following year, Li Jiqian proclaimed himself emperor, changed his name to Hu Yiyuan, set the state name "Dayu", and established the name "Yuan Sheng", and then passed it on to his son Hu Cha (formerly known as Li Cang), claiming to be the Emperor Taishang.
Laos sent people to send Chen Tianping to Nanjing, and the father and son of "Hu Yiyuan" also expressed their willingness to welcome Chen Tianping back to China. In the fourth year of Yongle, Cheng Zu sent the Guangxi left general Huang Zhong and the right general Lü Yi to lead 5,000 soldiers to escort Chen Tianping back to "Annan", but when he reached the qin station, he was ambushed by the father and son of "Hu Yiyuan", Huang Zhong and Lü Yi were defeated, and Chen Tianping was killed.
This was a matter of March, Cheng zu could not bear such insults, so in July he appointed Zhu He, the Duke of Chengguo, as the "General of Zhengyi", The Marquis of Xiping as the left deputy general, and Zhang Fu as the right deputy general, leading a large number of soldiers (known as 800,000) to fight against the father and son of "Hu Yiyuan".
Zhu Neng died of illness in Longzhou, Guangxi, and Cheng Zu ordered Zhang Fu to succeed Zhu Neng as the "Chief Soldier Officer", Zhang to Go through Guangxi, and Mu Sheng to march through Yunnan in two ways to take a pincer-shaped offensive against Annam. Zhang Mu's two armies met at Duobang City, defeated the army of "Hu Yiyuan" father and son, attacked Duobang City, and went down the river to take the eastern capital of Annam. After the eastern capital was taken, the western capital of Annam was taken.
In May of the following year (the fifth year of Yongle), Zhang Fu captured Hu Yiyuan's father and son at Gaowang Mountain (Gaowang Island) on the sea, sent them to Nanjing, and beheaded them. In June, Cheng zu issued an edict to change Annam to an internal subordinate, and set up three divisions for land: the Command Envoy Division, the Cloth Envoy Division, and the Press Envoy Division. The jiaofang then became a province, and it was viewed in one with Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, etc.
Jiaolu's first envoy was Lü Yi: the deputy envoy was Huang Zhong. The first envoys were Zhang Xianzong and Wang Ping. The first envoy was Nguyen Huễn Huễn. (Zhang Xianzong, Wang Binh, and Nguyen You Zhang did not arrive, and the two divisions of the Cloth Administration were both led by Huang Fu.) The population of the province is more than three million: the government's grain reserves are thirteen and six hundred thousand stones. It is divided into forty-one prefectures, five of which are directly subordinate to the Department of Envoys and Thirty-six prefectures, and thirty-six states are subordinate to fifteen provinces. There are two hundred and ten counties below the state.
Zhang Fu was given the title of "Duke of England" by Jin, and Mu Sheng was given the title of "Duke of Qianguo" by Jin.
Zhang Fu returned to Beijing in June of the sixth year of Yongle. In the winter, the Jiaolu people raised troops one after another to support a Miao descendant of the Chen Dynasty, Chen Yan. Chen Yan was the son of Chen Yizong (頭), the younger brother of Chen Shunzong (Shun), and the uncle of Emperor Chen Shao (Dou), who was known in Vietnamese history as "Jian Ding Di", while the Ming Shi mistakenly believed that chen dynasty 's "former subjects" had the surname Jian Ding. Mu Sheng led his troops to fight against Chen Yan, but was defeated by Shizhan (Fengying County, Haogu Province).
Cheng Zu had to stay in Yongle for seven years, and then sent Zhang Fu to wear the seal of "General Zhengyu" and come to Jiaotong. Zhang Fuqi was victorious, captured Chen Gu in July of that year, escorted to Nanjing, Zhengfa and Zhang Fu returned to Beijing, and Mu Sheng remained in Jiaotong.
One of Chen's nephews, Chen Jikuo (not Chen Shunzong's son, but the son of Chen Cheek, the King of Zhuangding), had already proclaimed himself Emperor of Hejing Province in March of the seventh year of Yongle and honored Chen Yan as Emperor Taishang. After Chen Yan was captured, Chen Ji expanded and surrendered, still constantly harassing the Ming army. Cheng Zu then ordered Zhang Fu to go on a third expedition to make a disgrace in the first month of the ninth year of Yongle. When Zhang Fu arrived, he first beheaded Huang Zhong, who was disobedient to the dispatch (Huang Zhongyuan was the deputy envoy of the Capital Command, and at this time had been promoted to the post of Governor of a certain army in the Governor's Office of the Fifth Army). Then, after winning consecutive victories over Chen Jikuo's army at Yuechangjiang, Cha'an Province, Aizijiang, Aimujiang, Siam Man Zha and Kun Pu Zha, they fought until December of the eleventh year of Yongle, chasing Chen Jikuo into Lao territory, breaking the three passes of Laos, Laos was afraid, and sent Chen Jikuo and his wife to be sent, and was also escorted to Nanjing by Zhang Fu.
Before returning to Beijing this time, Zhang Fu added a number of health centers in Jiaotu, selected local people to be the magistrates of several prefectures and counties, and took Annam from the territory of the Champa state (Champa) and added four more states.
In the spring of the thirteenth year of Yongle, shortly after Zhang Fu returned to the capital, Cheng Zu was uneasy about Jiaotong and asked him to go to Zhenshou again in the name of "Chief Soldier Officer". This was the fourth time he had gone to shame. After going for more than a year, he was recalled in the winter of the fourteenth year of Yongle, and the person who replaced him as the chief soldier of the town guard was Li Bin, the Marquis of Fengcheng.
Vietnamese sources say that The reason why Zhang Fu was recalled was because he "selected the natives to be brave" and was sued by the eunuch Ma Qi, which aroused the suspicion of Cheng Zu. This Ma Qi was a very bad man, and he was ordered to go to Jiaojiao as a "procuring envoy", who was both corrupt and cruel, and did no evil, forcing the majority of the shamed people to rise up.
On the one hand, Ma Qi and a number of other petty officials are stepping up their activities of "forcing officials to rebel against the people"; on the other hand, Zhang Fuzhi is succeeded by Li Bin, who does not know the general situation, does not understand strategy and tactics, and is not worthy of being the commander-in-chief. Therefore, by the first month of the sixteenth year of Yongle, When Li Li, a wise and courageous leader of Jiaolu had risen, the Military and Political Affairs of the Ming Dynasty government tended to go against the trend and deteriorated.
Li Li was a native of Lanshan Township, Liangjiang County, Tsinghua Province, a commoner, who had served as a "General of Jingo" under Chen Jikuo, and was not related to Li Jiqian (Hu Yiyuan). The History of the Ming Dynasty and official documents of the Ming Dynasty often refer to him as a "thief", which is inevitable to be loyal and forgive. He was a Vietnamese, and he witnessed the Vietnamese people being oppressed by the ming dynasty officials, standing up and holding high the banner of righteousness, which was no different from the uprising of Liu Futong and Zhu Yuanzhang against the Yuan. Moreover, Li Li's own daughter, who was only nine years old, was abducted by Ma Qi and given to Cheng Zu as a palace maid, so how can we blame Li Li for rebellion?
Li Bin's strength was not in contrast to Li Li's, and it was several times greater than that of Li Li. However, Li Li dared to fight, came and went, and had the unanimous support of the broad masses, which made Li Bin tired of running for his life. Li Bin died of illness in Yongle twenty years ago, and the person who took charge of his position as chief military officer was Rongchang Bo Chen Zhi. Chen Zhi was no more capable than Li Bin, and drove Li Li to Laos, and Li Li slipped back from Laos and occupied Ole County.
Chen Zhi asked the imperial court to send a large army, but at this time (Yongle twenty-two years) Chengzu died, Emperor Renzong Zhu Gaozi did not like to fight, ordered Chen Zhi to appease Li Li, and listened to the words of the eunuch Shan Shou, thinking that Shan Shou and Li Li indeed had old friends, sent Shan Shou to Jiaolu, brought an edict to Li Li, and appointed Li Li as the "prefect of Qinghua Province". Where is this LiLi who is willing to be the prefect! He accepted the edict, but marched into the siege of Chalong Prefecture. Chen Zhi pressed the soldiers to stay still, and Li Li attacked the tea cage. At this time, Emperor Akihito died again, and Zhu Zhanji, who succeeded him, wanted to fight, and in April of the first year of Xuande's reign, he dismissed Chen Zhi from his post and demoted him to the position of "Official" and sent Wang Tong, the Marquis of Chengshan, to be the "General of Zhengyi". This Wang Tong was given the title of Marquis because his father Wang Zhen was killed in the Battle of Jingnan (靖難) and was completely incapable of fighting, inferior to Chen Zhilai, and was killed by Li Li's general Li Shan in October of the first year of Xuande's reign, losing all his lives, and losing all of chen qia, who was "in charge of the two divisions of the government" (at this time Huang Fu had been recalled to Beijing). Frightened, Wang Tong went so far as to make peace with Li Li and cede the land south of Qinghua Prefecture to him, without Emperor Xuanzong knowing it. Luo Tong, the governor of Qinghua Prefecture, disobeyed Wang Tong's false orders and refused to hand it over, and Li Li came to attack Qinghua and attacked it.
Emperor Xuanzong of Ming sent Liu Sheng, the Marquis of Anyuan, as the commander-in-chief, and Mu Sheng, the Duke of Qianguo, as the general of Zhengnan, who was reinforced by the Second Road of Yunnan, Guangxi, with a total strength of about 70,000 troops (Vietnamese historical records say that Liu Sheng's army had 100,000 soldiers and Mu Sheng's army had 50,000 soldiers). Mu Sheng returned to Yunnan after Zhang Fu captured Chen Jikuo in the sixteenth year of Yongle.
In September of the second year of Xuande, Liu Sheng's army was ambushed in the slope of the fallen horse, and Liu Sheng was killed, losing more than 10,000 officers and soldiers. The governor Cui Ju and the Ministry of Works Shangshu Huang Fu continued to advance, and suffered another defeat (according to Vietnamese historical records, 50,000 died and more than 30,000 were captured). Both Cui and Huang were taken prisoner. (Huang Fuyuan was a man of letters, and he had a good reputation when he was in charge of the two divisions of the Lu Bu government, and he was not the same as ordinary corrupt officials and corrupt officials, and was very loved by the people of Lu Province.) Unfortunately, after being recalled to Beijing, he was sent to accompany the army to the south and suffered such bad luck. )
Mu Sheng's army, which was originally in line with Li Li's forces at Ewha Pass, heard that Liu Sheng was killed and Cui Huang was captured, and even retreated without a fight (Vietnamese historical sources say that Mu Sheng escaped on a single horse).
At this time, Wang Tong was already surrounded in Dongdu (Hanoi), so he simply shamelessly went to the end, leading the window officer Ma Qi, Shan Shou and the defeated general Chen Zhi and others to hand Over the book of peace to Li Li without authorization. As a result, on a certain day in November, an altar was set up outside the city, and an oath was made with Li Li, agreeing that in December, Li Li would let them have a way back. There were only more than 20,000 teachers in the class.
It so happened that Emperor Xuanzong also decided to abandon the handover in October. At that time, it was Yang Shiqi and Yang Rong who were in favor of giving up the friendship, while those who opposed the abandonment of the handover were Jian Yi, Xia Yuanji and Zhang Fu. In early November, Emperor Xuanzong sent Li Qi, the left attendant of the Rebbe, and Luo Rujing, the right attendant of the Ministry of Works, as "envoys", and Huang Ji and Xu Yongda, the secretary of Hongxu, as "deputy envoys", to Jiaolu to declare their forgiveness of the crime, and ordered Li Li to report on the experience of his visit to Chen's descendants (because Li Li had already submitted to Emperor Xuanzong of Ming that he had visited Chen Hang, a Miao descendant of the Chen clan), and at the same time abolished the three divisions located in Jiaolu and scattered the civilian and military officials and soldiers and the people of Chinese mainland who remained in Jiaolu. (Thereafter, along with the army, about 86,000 survived.) )
However, Wang Tong had already sworn an oath with Li Li before he had received Xuanzong's edict, and Wang Tong, Ma Qi, Shan Shou, Chen Zhi, Ma Ying, and Fang Zheng, who had arrived in Jingshi (Beijing), caused public outrage among the wen and wu of the whole dynasty, and Xuanzong arrested them, and the court trial (the general trial) sentenced them to death and imprisoned them, but they were never executed. Probably, Xuanzong himself was a little ashamed in his heart.
The most wronged thing is the humility of the envoys. He did not lose his soldiers or make peace without authorization, but he was also convicted and imprisoned.
Huang Fu's blessing was great, and after he was captured, he was given preferential treatment by Li Li, and sent a palanquin to send him "back to China". Li Li said, "If the officials sent by China are like Huang Fu, how can I oppose it?" After Huang Fu returned to Beijing, he still served as shangshu of the Ministry of Works, and then changed to Hubu Shangshu, and then transferred to Nanjing Hubu Shangshu and Bingbu Shangshu, counselor of the machine maintenance, and lived to the age of seventy-eight.
Li Li forced Chen Yi to die in the third year of Xuande, claiming to be "King Yingwu of Shuntian, Lord of Lanshan Cave", with the name of the country "Dayue", Jianyuan "Shuntian", with the eastern capital as Tokyo and the western capital (Yonglu County, Thanh Hoa Province) as the western capital, dividing the whole territory into five provinces, setting up schools, and taking the Chinese jingyi poems to give two subjects. In the sixth year of Xuande, Emperor Xuanzong officially ordered Li Li to "exercise the right to handle the affairs of annan state". In the eighth year of Xuande, Li Li's son Li Yuanlong (who called himself Li Lin to the Ming Dynasty) succeeded to the throne, and was crowned by the Ming Dynasty in the first year of Ming Yingzong's orthodoxy, as the "King of Annam". In the history of Vietnam, Le Li was the Emperor Taizu Gao of the "Later Lê Dynasty"; Li Lin was Emperor Taizongwen. (Previously, during the Northern Song Dynasty, There was a "former Lê Dynasty" in Vietnam.) The emperor was Li Huan and his two sons Li Longyu and Li Longquan. )