For many people who have lived in the hustle and bustle of the city for a long time, the soul will long for a return to tranquility. The quaint ancient town village has become an ideal home for almost everyone, but how much do you know about the ancient Chinese town with a long history? As a person with ancient town feelings, you should know the following ancient town knowledge.
There are about 40,000 established townships in China, including many ancient villages and towns with a history of more than 100 years. These ancient settlements that inherit history and culture and follow folk customs contain many exquisite art treasures and profound ancient cultures, shining brilliantly. According to the division of cultural background and historical region, it can be roughly summarized into the following 8 categories:
First, the huipai ancient village group of everyone's style
Distribution area: Anhui, Jiangxi. Representative ancient towns: Xidi, Wuyuan, etc.
The Huipai style is natural and simple, secluded and elegant. Not pretentious, unpretentious, natural and generous, conform to the situation, in harmony with nature, with nature as refuge; it does not tend to the times, does not catch up with the fashion, does not take care of the times. Adhere to the ancient system, adhere to tradition, and promote Confucianism.
Water west transfer
Xidi Village is named Xidi because the two rivers surrounding the village flow from east to west, and in ancient times it was also called "Xixi" and "Xichuan", which also took the same meaning.
The ancient houses in Xidi Village form a boat-shaped whole, and hundreds of acres of fertile land around the village surround the entire village, making it like a giant ship moored in a quiet harbor. Most of the houses in Xidi are built by the water, with exquisitely carved figure eight gate towers, towering horse-head gables, zigzag walls, stone carved windows of different shapes and stone benches, wells and stone bridges at the end of the streets and alleys, these buildings and objects have maintained the original style of the Ming and Qing dynasties, showing people the prosperity of the old days. The overall outline of the whole village is harmonious and unified with the natural scenery such as terrain, landform, landscape and other natural scenery, which has a high aesthetic taste and reflects the unique style of the ancient villages in southern Anhui.
Second, the simple and unpretentious northwest ancient village group
Distribution area: Shaanxi. Representative ancient town: Yulin, etc.
The courtyard is very closed, the roof is low, the roof slope is low, and a considerable number of buildings use flat roofs. Bricks and tiles are rarely used, adobe or rammed earth walls are more used, and wooden decoration is simpler. In some areas, there are also cave kilns, in addition to cliff kilns, there are also pit kilns and flat-ground coupon kilns. The style is rustic and generous.
Yulin ancient village
Yulin, also known as Camel City, also known as Yuyang Town, is a famous desert ancient city. The land has a unique landform, both alpine flowing water and desert sand sea, and was listed as a famous historical and cultural city in China in 1986.
Yulin City still preserves the ancient city wall of the Ming Dynasty, and there are many ancient buildings in the city, although it is eroded by the wind and sand of the years, it can still make people feel the style of this border town. In addition, there are many offices, temples, mansions, shops, etc. built in yulin city in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Gravel paved paths, courtyards of gray brick houses, exquisite copper rings on wooden doors and windows... All of them reveal the simple and thick Style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because of Yulin's unique border plug culture and desert edge landform, it has attracted many tourists and film and television groups. The famous Hong Kong director Wong Kar-wai filmed "East Evil and West Poison" on the outskirts of Yulin.
Third, small and exquisite ancient villages in water towns
Distribution area: Zhejiang, Jiangsu. Representative ancient towns: Wuzhen, Zhouzhuang, etc.
Flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the favorable geological and climatic conditions of the local area provided a wide range of architectural materials to choose from, and the style was mainly simple and idyllic. It is expressed as an architectural style that borrows scenery as fiction and landscaping as reality, emphasizes the openness and clarity of the space, and requires a rich cultural atmosphere. The architecture is intended to modify the rural exterior, build roads, bridges, academies, archways, ancestral halls, feng shui pavilions, etc., and strive to make the environment reach a perfect and beautiful realm, although the scale is small, the content is slightly simpler, but it is specific and nuanced, and it has a simple and thick local atmosphere in the artistic style.
Water town Wuzhen
Wuzhen is a fairly well-preserved Jiangnan water town ancient town, two staggered old streets ancient winds still exist, river streets parallel, reflecting the characteristics of Jiangnan to build a city with water. Wuzhen ancient houses are often painted with paint similar to black on the walls, which is said to protect the walls, and black is called "Wu" in the Tongxiang area of Jiangnan, and the name of Wuzhen is probably derived from this.
The Qing Dynasty residential buildings on the streets of Wuzhen are quite well preserved, these ancient houses are built along the river, and the stone bridges on the river together constitute the charm of the ancient town of Jiangnan with small bridges, flowing water and ancient houses. The wood and stone carvings on the beams, columns, doors and windows of the ancient buildings are exquisitely crafted, and the local residents still live in these old houses today. In addition, Wuzhen also has ginkgo trees planted in the Tang Dynasty and one of the "Four Hundred and Eighty Temples of the Southern Dynasty, How Many Buildings in the Smoke and Rain". The porch shed built by the river in Wuzhen is very rich in water town charm and is a typical building in the ancient town. The victory of the water town, the ancient beauty, the rich history and culture, people can't stop enjoying!
Fourth, the rich and atmospheric northern compound complex
Distribution area: Shanxi. Representative ancient town: Changjia compound, etc.
Imposing, tall and luxurious, rough and delicate, flat and three-dimensional expression, highlighting the posture of four flat and eight stable, everywhere is the etiquette-based architectural features.
Changjia Manor
The main building of Changjia Manor is dominated by a majestic and square northern courtyard. There are five east and west wing rooms in the front yard, and another inverted south room in the north, with a weeping flower gate in the middle. The inner courtyard is rectangular, the courtyard is spacious, about twice as large as the outer courtyard, the upper room is symmetrical to the south room, and there are box rooms in the east and west, which fully shows the momentum of the famous and prestigious families.
The houses of the Changjia Manor are lined up one after another, the shapes are different, and the pavilions and the patio garden are interesting, which fully shows the economic strength of the Jin merchants in that year. In the middle of the inner courtyard of each square courtyard, there is a wooden archway with small cornices and arches. Brick carved walls on both sides of the archway resemble jewel-encrusted cable ties, adding the finishing touch to the majestic northern courtyard of the southern garden. After the courtyard and the courtyard, most of them have gardens, vegetable gardens, and small doors to communicate with the main courtyard. After entering the garden, there are Yongdao through, twisting and turning, interspersed with cloisters, pavilions, small bridges and flowing water, or grass and stone farmhouses, or strange flowers, unique ingenuity, like a southern garden.
Fifth, the lingnan ancient village group with distinct personality
Distribution area: Fujian, Guangdong. Representative ancient towns: Yongding, Chikan, etc.
It has distinct local characteristics and personality characteristics, and contains rich cultural connotations. In addition to paying attention to its practical functions, it is also necessary to pay attention to its own spatial form, artistic style, national tradition and coordination with the surrounding environment.
Yongding Tulou
The tulou in Yongding County are interdependent and combined, tall and majestic. There are 360 round buildings and more than 4,000 square buildings in the county. These large and small tulou play a magnificent and ancient melody. Tulou architecture has a variety of effects of earthquake prevention, fire prevention, defense, good ventilation and lighting, warm in winter and cool in summer, and its architectural pattern and form reflect the tradition of Hakka family generations of unity and friendship. Its structural art combines the advantages of various residential buildings. There are also colorful carvings, murals, yanglian, calligraphy and other cultural treasures.
The Xiayang Chuxi Tulou Group, Hukeng Town Hongkeng Tulou Group, Gaotou Gaobei Tulou Group, Yanxiang Lou, Zhenfu Lou, Yongkang Lou and other tulou have all been included in the list of "Fujian Tulou World Cultural Heritage".
Sixth, an alternative romantic group of ancient villages in the southwest
Distribution area: Sichuan, Chongqing. Representative ancient towns: Huanglongxi, Gongtan, etc.
The Culture of Bashu is broad and profound, with both a romantic and unrestrained artistic style and an infinite human imagination. The mountain-facing architecture is closely linked to the local ethnic minority customs, has a strong cultural atmosphere, and reveals the light side of heroism.
Huanglongxi Ancient Town
The buildings of Huanglongxi Ancient Town are very well preserved, and the existing wooden pillars and green tiles of the pavilions and houses, the unique red sand and stone paved street surfaces, are mostly Ming and Qing Dynasty buildings, which are all-wood structures. Houses on both sides of the old street are lined up one after another, and the railings and windows are exquisitely carved. There are also 6 yellow oak trees in the town that are more than 300 years old, with lush branches and shade, adding a lot of aura to the ancient town. The winding stone path ancient road, the wooden stilt house with cornices and angles by the river, the tea house shops on the street, and the green smoke in the ancient temple all give people a simple and quiet feeling, which is called "Little Guilin".
Huanglongxi has a typical style of a small town in western Sichuan, attracting many film and television camera crews to shoot in the town, known as "Film and Television City" and "China's Hollywood". Two critically acclaimed films, "Hibiscus Town" and "Sea Lantern Mage", most of the scenes were filmed here.
7. The ancient village groups of Nanzhao that lead the way
Distribution area: Yunnan. Representative of the ancient town: Heshun and so on.
Because a considerable part of it is a region inhabited by Zhuang, Dai, Yao, Miao and other ethnic groups, the ancient village buildings in this area have their own ethnic characteristics, such as the dry railing style of the Dai people, the stilt house of the Miao people, etc. Compared with the northern courtyard, the most famous "one seal" building in Yunnan has great differences in architectural style and characteristics, and the architectural form is closely linked with nature without constraint and is rich in geographical characteristics.
Heshun Ancient Town
Heshun Qiao Township has beautiful scenery, picturesque pastoral villages, ancestral halls, arches, platforms, pavilions, arch bridges, stone fences, and lotus ponds abound. The sparkling Yuanlongtan makes the overseas Chinese village more charming, and the Yuanlong Pavilion at the water's edge is built on the mountain, staggered, and the landscape and buildings are integrated, picturesque and intoxicating.
The laneways in Heshun Township are built according to the surname, the same family lives in a laneway, and each laneway has a general gate, which fully reflects the traditional Chinese concept of clan. There are eight ancestral halls in Heshun Township, each of which is built in the best location in the village, of course, the buildings are also unique. There you can not only admire this Ming and Qing Dynasty and Shun scenery style architecture, but also learn about the history of the ancient village - Heshun Township is the last village on the Southwest Silk Road with the characteristics of the Central Plains culture.
8. The ancient village group of Xiangqian in a beautiful and elegant way
Distribution area: Hunan, Guizhou. Representative ancient towns: Phoenix, Qingyan, etc.
The groups are relatively dense, and there are more large groups in the town (large residences, guild halls, shops, temples, ancestral halls, etc.), and there are buildings; small buildings (general residences, shops) are free and flexible. The roof has steep slopes, high wing angles, exquisite decoration, and many carvings and paintings. The overall style is beautiful and lightweight.
Qingyan Ancient Town
The ancient buildings in Qingyan Town were built during the Ming Dynasty and continued to expand until the Qing Dynasty. In the heyday of Qingyan Town, its representative buildings include nine temples, eight temples, three caves, two ancestral halls, one palace, one courtyard, one house, and eight arches. As the years passed, some of the ancient buildings had been annihilated, and some had survived. Fortunately, the residents of the core area of the ancient town have preserved the ancient buildings quite well while buying new homes, and some of the original destroyed buildings have also been restored according to their original appearance, which makes the pattern and charm of the ancient town still intact.
The old city of Qingyan Ancient Town is surrounded by city walls, all of which are built on cliffs with boulders, and are located on the mountain, which is majestic and dangerous, and has the characteristics of a cottage castle. The town's quaint commercial streets and green tile wooden houses in the streets and alleys retain a strong southern ancient residential charm. Stone walls, pavements, counters, courtyards and stone pillars, stone mills, stone mills, stone cylinders can be seen everywhere, very rich in local style, therefore, Qingyan Ancient Town is also known as "Qingyan Head City".
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