When will the real end of the world come? Scientists have already given the answer

As the only highly intelligent species on Earth, humans have created civilization and advanced science and technology. However, materialistic dialectics tells us that there is nothing eternal in the world, and that everything has a process of birth, development, and demise. Then, because we have a high level of intelligence, we will go through this process in the future.

So, when in the future will the end of the world lead to the demise of humanity? Scientists have given a concrete answer. Let's get into today's topic.

Imagine a burning earth

The end of the world is the destruction of human imagination or the end of human civilization. It is a concept that assumes that humanity will encounter a global catastrophe in the future that will lead to the destruction, regression or decline of modern civilization. It can also be called the end of the world.

Meteorite impact imagination

There are many hypothetical crises such as meteorite impacts, gamma-ray explosions, and global nuclear war. If these things do happen, they will have a huge impact on the survival of humanity. But no one knows when these crises will occur.

According to an article in The Sun, a study predicted that humans would become extinct before the sun died.

Screenshot of the Sun article

Everyone should know about the sun. After all, we can't do without it. At the same time, the Sun is also the star at the center of the Solar System and the largest star in the Solar System. Its diameter is about 1,392,000 (1.392) ×106) kilometers, which is equivalent to 109.3 times the diameter of the Earth. Its mass is about 2×1030kg, which is about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the solar system. The main materials that make up the Sun are hydrogen and helium. The sun's core melts about 600 million tons of hydrogen per second into helium, converting 4 million tons of matter into energy per second. It is also a source of sunlight and energy.

Comparison of planets in the Solar System

Nuclear fusion powers most of the star's existence. Initially, energy was produced by the fusion of hydrogen atoms at the core of the main sequence star. Later, when the core atoms became helium, stars like the Sun began to fuse hydrogen along the spherical shell surrounding the core. This process causes the star to gradually enlarge, passing through the subgiant stage and reaching the red giant stage. Stars with at least half the sun's mass can also begin to generate energy through helium fusion in their cores, while larger stars can fuse heavier elements along a series of concentric shells.

white dwarf

Once a star like the Sun runs out of nuclear fuel, its core collapses into a dense white dwarf, and its outer layers are excreted as planetary nebulae (planetary nebulae essentially shells of dust and gas thrown by dying stars). After the outer layer is stripped away, the only thing left is the star's hot core, the white dwarf, which gradually cools and dims over billions of years. This is the last process of the sun.

sun

The Sun is a yellow dwarf star, and the lifespan of a yellow dwarf is generally about 10 billion years. Currently, the Sun is about 4.57 billion years old, which means that the Sun has completed half of its lifespan. Because the Sun doesn't have enough mass to explode in the form of a supernova. But when it runs out of hydrogen from the core after about 5 billion years, hydrogen fusion in the core will stop and the core will shrink. The release of gravitational potential energy increases the luminosity of the star, ends the main sequence phase, and causes the star to expand over the next 1 billion years: first subgiants, then red giants. The heat generated by gravitational contraction will also lead to hydrogen fusion in the core shell, in which unmelted hydrogen is still present, leading to an increase in luminosity that will eventually reach more than 1,000 times the current luminosity. As a red giant, the Sun will become larger. At that time, the huge sun will swallow Mercury and Venus.

Imagine the Earth being destroyed by the sun

The sun's brightness increases by about 10% every billion years. In about 1 billion years, the sun will be 10 percent brighter than it is today. Once the sunlight is 10% higher than the current value, the global average surface temperature will rise to 320 K (47 °C). At this point, the atmosphere will become a "wet greenhouse," causing the ocean to evaporate out of control. Similar to the current state of Venus, Venus' atmosphere is currently in a super-greenhouse state.

Venus and Earth

According to a nasa study published in Zenodo, the future will rise as the sun's temperature rises. Water molecules will be photolyzed by the sun's ultraviolet rays, allowing hydrogen to escape from the atmosphere. The end result will be that the seawater in the world will disappear. In other words, the earth is not suitable for the survival of many species at this time.

Screenshot of a nasa research article published on zenodo

When the sun left us, it was about 1 billion years. In 1 billion years, humanity will not be able to survive on Earth. About 2-3 billion years later, The Earth's electromagnetic field may also stop, leading to an accelerated loss of volatiles from the outer atmosphere. In 4 billion years, rising temperatures on the Earth's surface will lead to a more severe greenhouse effect. At that time, the heat will heat the Earth's surface, causing it to melt. At that point, all life on Earth will be extinct. Even after about 7.5 billion years, Earth's most likely fate was absorbed by the Sun.

world

Of course, if human beings continue to develop science and technology, the level of human science and technology in a billion years should be very strong. At that time, it was not entirely impossible to find a suitable place to live through interstellar voyages.

Finally, we also know that even giant planets like the Sun and Earth will not be able to escape destruction in the future. Not to mention life on Earth. But we don't have to worry too much, because the sun has left us with a full 1 billion years of time. So, let's cherish the present and live every day.