According to the "History of the Chu Family", during the time of King Yi of Zhou, the wang government declined, the princes attacked, Xiongqu was quite powerful in Jianghan, and sent troops to destroy the three kingdoms of Yong, Yangyue, and Hubei, and the ambition began to swell. In one fell swoop, he crowned three sons as kings: the eldest son Xiong Kang as the King of Jurchen, the second son Xiong Hong as the King of E, and the third son Xiong Zhi as the King of Yuezhang. The Jurchen, E, and Yue Chapters probably correspond to the three kingdoms of Yong, E, and Yangyue that were previously conquered. You know, at that time, Zhou Tianzi was all kings, what did Xiong Quzi mean by this move? However, King Li of Zhou after King Yi of Zhou was more assertive, forcing Xiongqu to cancel the title of King.
Xiongquzi is known for his good shooting. "New Preface" has a story of Xiong Quzi, saying that Xiong Quzi went out to patrol at night, saw a tiger lying on the ground, and in a hurry, an arrow shot past, got off the horse to check but found that the arrow feathers were shot into a stone, but when it was shot again, the arrows were broken. Of course, this legend should come from the transplantation of Li Guang's shooting tiger in the "History", but it also shows that Xiong Quzi was known for his military strength at that time. The Chu Qin clan in "Wu Yue Chunqiu" is probably referring to Xiong Quzi. The "Chu Shijia" says that Xiong Quzi's crown prince Xiong Wukang died early, and was taken the throne by another son, Xiong Zhihong, "Zhihong Pawn, whose brother was killed and stood on his behalf", which was also Xiong Yan.
The three sons of Xiong Qu in the "Chu Shijia", namely Xiong Wukang (Xiong Kang), who died early, Xiong Zhihong (Xiong Hong), who was on the throne, and Xiong Yan (Xiong Zhibao), the usurper brother, actually have two ways of writing here, which may come from different sources. The sentence "Sincere red pawn, whose brother killed and stood on his behalf" is wrong, and it is Xiong Hong's son who may have been killed. However, the "Chronicle of the Three Dynasties" mentions "Xiong Wukang; Xiong Yan, Red Brother" after Xiong Qu, and Xiong Yan, Red Brother", and Xiong Yuhong does not mention "No Kang Brother", and seems to be treated as the son of Xiong Wukang and the grandson of Xiong Quzi. Then there are already two ways to say it here.
At the same time, the Eastern Han Dynasty people Fu Qian and the Three Kingdoms people Qi Zhou saw some other information, and Fu Qian said that Xiong Zhi was the grandson of Xiong Qu, and Yu Zhou clearly said that the son of Xiong Qu was called Xiong Xiang, and the son of Xiong Xiang was Xiong Zhi and Xiong Yan, because Xiong Zhi had a disease and was established by Xiong Yan. The saying of Tan Zhou is similar to that of the Three Dynasties, and it is believed that Xiongqu has only one son, and this son has two sons, and the final successor to the throne is the younger son. But there is a big difference, because he thinks that Xiong Zhi is xiong zhi who ran due to evil diseases in "Zuo Biao", so if Xiong Zhi is Xiong Zhihong, he is not in power at all, but "early death" like Xiong Wukang.
The "Chu Ju" theory has similarities and differences, saying that the Miao Qu migrated to Fa Wan, and his successors also lived in Fa Wan, and then the Qiu Zhi moved to the side, and then the Later Yi Yi moved to Qiao Duo. The names of the successors of the Maki Canal are derived from "yue", and the names of the people who are picked up and the mong chi can roughly correspond to Xiong Xiang, Xiong Zhi and Xiong Yan. But "Chu Ju" can't see that they are brothers, but more like fathers and sons who have reigned successively. Perhaps Xiong Zhi, the founder of the Chu Kingdom, and Xiong Zhi, the king of the Chu State, were not the same person, or perhaps the Chu State Emperor Xiong Zhi was exiled due to illness in his later years. But in any case, the matter of Xiong Quzi's canonization of the king is completely absent in "Chu Ju".
The Chu Shijia goes on to say that Xiong Yan gave birth to Xiong Yong, xiong yong died in the sixth year of the republic (841 BC), died in the tenth year, and his brother Xiong Yan took the throne; Xiong Yan died in the tenth year, with four sons of Bo Shuang, Zhongxue, ShuKan, and Ji Yi, and Bo Shuang took the throne; Xiong Shuang died in the sixth year, and the three brothers competed for the throne, and finally Zhongxue died, Shu Kan went into exile, and Ji Yan won; Xiong Yan died in the twenty-second year, and Zi Xiong Yi took the throne; Xiong Yan died in nine years, and Zi Xiong Yi took the throne, called "Ruo Ao", "Ao" was the title of the chu king at that time, and the chu king who later had no title was also called "Ao". In the 20th year of Ruo'ao (771 BC), the Western Zhou Dynasty fell, and he died in the 27th year, and Zi Xiongkan took the throne, known as "Xiao Ao".
Xiao Ao died in the sixth year, and Zi Xiong took the throne, known as The Worm. When he died in the seventeenth year, his younger brother Xiong Tong killed the son of Feng Mao and took the throne, xiong Tong was the King of ChuWu in the early Spring and Autumn Period. The "Chinese Zheng Yu" says that chu yi mao opened the Pudi sutra, and the Spring and Autumn Chu state doctor Shen Baoxu, also known as "Mo Mao Bo Su", is probably also a descendant of chu moths. However, in the "Left Biography", it is said that the oyster and Xiao Ao "turn the blue wisps of the road to open the mountain forest", and it seems that the worm should be before Xiao Ao. So, which of "Zuo Chuan" and "Chu Shijia" is right?
In addition, in the "Han Feizi", it is also mentioned that there was a Chu Li king before the King of Chu Wu. "Han Feizi" has two allusions to King Chu Li, the first of which is that King Chu Li summoned the people to fight by beating drums, but once after getting drunk, he mistakenly hit the drum, and the people panicked and rushed to prepare for battle, but King Chu Li said that he was just drunk and playing, and the people scattered. After a few months, there was really a guard, and no one came to beat the drum again, so King Chu Li could only change the order, so that the people could gradually be convinced. Obviously, this story has something in common with the "Princes of Beacon Theatre", but King Chu Li can reform himself, which is beyond the reach of King Zhou You.
Another is that the Chu people and clans received a piece of "Pu" of outer stone and inner jade, which was dedicated to King Chu Li. King Li asked Xiangyu's people to observe, and the jade people said that they were stones. King Li of Chu was furious and felt that Heshi had deceived him and cut off Heshi's left foot; King Li died, King Wu took the throne, and Heshi offered Yupu to King Wu, and The Jade People still said stone. King ChuWu cut off Heshi's right foot again. King Wu died, King Wen took the throne, and Heshi hugged Pu and cried for three days and three nights, and his tears were bloody. When King Wen of Chu heard this, he asked what was going on, and he said that what I was crying about was not being cut off, but that Baoyu was being treated as a stone, and the virgin was being treated as a liar! King Wen asked people to chisel open a piece of jade, so he named it "Heshi Bi".
This story is of course a legend, but it also reflects the existence of the "King of Chu Li" in the Warring States. So, is king Chu Li corresponding to the "Chu Shijia" or the Xiao Ao after the "Left Biography"? This problem is still solved by "Chu Ju". In Chu Ju, after The Chu Dynasty there are Mong Yong and Mong Yan, there are Mong Shuang and Mong Xue and Mong Hsiao, as well as Mong Pao and Ruo Hao (Ao) Mong Yi, these "and" indicate that they are all brothers, slightly different from the Chu Shijia, they both live in Qiao Duo. Mo Yi began to migrate to Miao, and the rate of oysters migrated to The Burning, after which Xiaohao Andi moved from the Burning to the Night, and the King of Chu Wu moved from the Night to the Free.
At this point, it can be clear that Ruo Ao and Xiao Ao are indeed two generations in succession, and here it is the "Left Transmission" that is correct and the "Chu Shijia" is wrong. During this time, no Chu ruins were found, only a few pieces of Chu bronzes, the most important of which was 6 Chu Gong reverse chimes found in the cemetery of Quwo Jinhou in Shanxi in 1993, "Chu Gong Reverse" is generally believed to be Xiong Bao, and the inscription records that he led the four leaders in battle. In addition, in 1959, the Hunan Provincial Museum found a Piece of Chu Gongjia Ge, and in 1998, shaanxi Fufeng Western Zhou Ruins unearthed another Piece of Chu Gongjia Bell, who is the "home" is disputed, but it should be the chu monarch of the late Western Zhou Dynasty.
To sum up, the early lineage of the Chu State in the "History of the Chu Family" represents a later version, which has many appendages, omissions and even errors. Even in the age of bronze writing, there was too little effective information it could provide. Taishi Gong mainly relied on the records of the Dai Li Ji (大戴礼記· Imperial Lineage), but removed some of these supernatural records and added the legend of Xiongquzi's kingship. Through the analysis of pre-Qin literature and the Warring States Bamboo Jane, we can see how this text was written.
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Huang Dekuan, "An Overview of bamboo in the Tibetan Warring States of Anhui University", Cultural Relics, No. 9, 2017.
Li Shoukui, "The Confusion of interpreting the Xiongqu to Xiong Yanshi Sequence in the History Books According to the Chu Ju"," Chinese Historical Research, No. 1, 2011.
Li Shoukui, "On the Legendary Characteristics of the Deeds of Ji Lian and the Bear bear in Chu Ju"," Journal of Tsinghua University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), No. 4, 2011.
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Li Xueqin, "On the Ancient History and Legends in Qinghua Jian 'Chu Ju'", Chinese Historical Studies, No. 1, 2011.
Li Xueqin, editor-in-chief: Bamboo Jane of the Tibetan Warring States of Tsinghua University (I), Beijing: Chinese and Western Bookstore, 2011.
The author is Lin Wu Gongzi, a writer of literature and history, specializing in the history of the pre-Qin, Qin, and Han dynasties. He is the signed author of today's headlines, the signed author of Wukong Q&A, the columnist of the surging history, the columnist of The History of NetEase, the co-author of Baidu Ta, the co-author of the whole history, and the published three kinds of physical books such as "Pre-Qin Ancient Guozhi", "Wu Yue Chunqiu of the Pre-Qin Ancient Guozhi", and "The Complete Painting Collection of Mountains and Sea Classics", and his works are scattered in "National Humanistic History", "Advancing together in the same boat", "Beijing Evening News", "Crazy Reading", "Awakening Lion Guoxue", "Hundred Forums", "Weihai Evening News" and other newspapers, magazines and self-media. Thanks for reading, welcome to pay attention!