Lamei, generally known as "wax plum", because the name of the person in the meta-miscellaneous drama is written as "Lamei", in order to maintain consistency, in addition to citations and explanations, the relevant content involved in this article is "Lamei".
Lamei is not a plum, and the literati inkers chant
Some scholars have pointed out that in the Tang Dynasty and previous literature, there is no clear distinction between plum blossoms and plum blossoms. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Huang Tingjian first described the characteristics of Lamei in the "Two Songs of Wax Plum in Drama".
"Zhupo Poetry" Yun: "There are wax plum covers in the southeast since recent times, Yu Tongshi has not seen it, Yuan Youjian Luzhi (Note: Huang Tingjian Character LuZhi) The princes have poems, and there have been no one who has given this poem before." ”
"Wang Zhifang's Poetry" Yun: "Wax plum, the valley (Huang Tingjian number valley Daoist) first saw it, the drama was absolutely perfect, and for this reason, it flourished in the Beijing Division." ”
One of them is:
Jin Bei locked the spring cold, annoying incense did not show.
Although there is no peach and plum face, the flavor is not shallow.
The second is:
Body lavender mountain musk navel, color stained rose dew.
Draped with a disgruntled placket, sometimes there is a dark fragrance.
Su Shi, a great scholar and friend of Huang Tingjian, also made an image description of Lamei in "Wax Plum a Song Gifted to Zhao Jingyin":
Tiangong dots crispy plum blossoms, which have wax plum Zen hometown.
Bees collect flowers as yellow wax, and take wax as flowers and other things.
Whoever knows about the change of heavenly work, I also play small poems.
Jun did not see huang qianye on the Wansong Ridge, and the jade rui sandalwood heart was two strange.
Drunk in the sense of a thousand mountains, smelling plum fragrance at night and falling asleep drunk.
When he returned, he dreamed of flowers, and in his dreams, the flowers were looking for strange sentences.
The wind and things here belong to the poets, and I will not drink as a payman.
Junxing Shi Wu I Shiyue, laughing pointed to the West Lake as a mantle.
Therefore, Wang Shimao's "Xuepu Miscellaneous" said: The original name of Kao Wax Plum was Huang Mei, so Wang An Guo Xi Jian Shang Yong Huang Mei, to Yuan Youjian Su and Huang Ming as Wax Plum. ”
With Su and Huang justifying the name of Lamei, the world's chanting of Lamei has increased greatly, not only chanting its floral style, but also because of its wind and bones that are not afraid of cold winter and frost and snow, which has become a common image used by the literati to express their aspirations.
Chen Youyi, "The Same Family Brother Endowed With Wax Mei Poems to Get Four Absolute Sentences"
A flower is fragrant for ten miles, and it is worth a full branch.
Cheng'en is not in appearance, who dares to fight incense.
Yang Wanli "Wax Plum"
Tianxiang Plum Is Strange, and The National Fragrance has not been known for generations.
Yin Yi dripped wax and sealed it, and was secretly broken by the frost wind.
The poisonous woman "Wang Lamei" in the meta-drama
As the "literature of a generation" with yuan, yuan miscellaneous opera has become a mirror for future generations to spy on the lives of people from all walks of life in the Yuan dynasty, and yuan miscellaneous drama has shaped many classic character images, pinned on the author's strong aesthetic taste and ambition, and also provided nourishment and growth for the prosperity of Ming and Qing opera novels. The art of miscellaneous opera developed to the Yuan Dynasty, forming a relatively mature and rigorous stage performance system, which played a positive role in the creation and popularization of miscellaneous opera art.
However, the negative factors brought about by the mature system caused the miscellaneous drama to gradually decline and withdraw from the historical stage in the middle and late Yuan. In terms of character image shaping, it is too flat, so that as soon as the audience hears the beginning, they will know how the character ending and events end, and the twists and turns of the storyline are greatly reduced.
Of course, the rise and fall of miscellaneous dramas in the Yuan is also in the Yuan, and there are many political and practical factors, which will not be repeated here.
Usually, meta-dramas only have "Zhengdan" or "Zhengduan" as the lead singer, and other characters mostly only have narration, and some appearances only have actions. The characters appear to report to the door of the family, some of the characters' names indicate good, evil, beauty and ugliness, and the positive and beautiful character images are given the names of beautiful things, named after vanilla, such as Zhang Haitang in "The Book of the Grey Gate", Luo Meiying in "The Wife of QiuHu"; named after Meiyu, such as Han Qiongying in "Pei Du Also Brings", Han Yuzhen in "Marriage Between the Two Worlds"; named after beautiful birds, such as Cui Yingying in "The Tale of the West Chamber", Zheng Cailuan in "Bamboo Wood Listening to the Qin" and so on. Even Guan Hanqing's Zhao Pan'er and Tan Ji'er are also people as their name suggests, witty and beautiful and have both spirit. The names of the negative images are ugly and ironic, such as Zhang Donkey's father and son in "Dou E'er" and He Donkey'er in "Xie Jinwu" (the word "donkey" is often used as a paraphrase in yuan miscellaneous dramas).
In the meta-drama, there is a minor character who appears in many works and becomes synonymous with a "wicked woman", and this character is "Wang Lamei".
Wang Lamei in "YanQing Boyu", "Village Music Hall" and "Contention for Retribution" all have secretly affairs with people, and the slight difference is that Wang Lamei and the adulterer in the first two parts murdered their husbands in order to be a long-term husband and wife. Wang Lamei and the adulterer in "Fighting for Grace" framed his wife for stealing love and wanted to put her to death.
Although Wang Lamei in "Divine Slave" has no adulterous deeds, he is more than poisonous, and in the play, he disregards the family affection of people, kills his eldest brother, drives away his sister-in-law, and finally strangles his nephew Shen Nu'er to death in order to achieve the purpose of monopolizing the Li family property.
From this, the author can't help but have a question, why is the "Lamei" who is pure and proud of the wind and snow given a synonym for a wicked woman?
Many of the yuan miscellaneous drama writers became officials because of the lack of access to the examination, or lingered in the wind and moon hook column to create survival, they are mostly people who are full of poetry, and it is impossible not to know the positive chanting of Lamei since the Tang and Song Dynasties, and in the yuan miscellaneous drama works, there are characters in the play who chanted Lamei to show their intentions. In "Pei Du Still Brings", Han Qiongying wrote an inscription poem in order to save his father in the cold winter waxing moon, just in time for Li Bangyan to observe the people's feelings, Li pointed to the window of Lamei, Qiongying waved his pen, the poem said:
At that time, people did not know their faces like wax, but the concubines knew that their hearts were as clear as ice.
Aiming for righteousness in the center, dark incense is not generally clear.
Li Bangyan could not help but sigh: This woman is a genius, the four poems are not conceived, and the words are written into writing, which is not trivial; the four absolute sentences are not clear, and the ambition is not shallow!
Then, the authors who turned to these four dramas, except for "Yanqing Boyu" written by Li Wenwei, the other three are not available. Li Wenwei is a writer in the early Yuan Dynasty, can it be said that he was the initiator of the name "Wang Lamei"?
There is no basis for this.
Moreover, the meta-miscellaneous dramas have been adapted and sorted out by the Ming people, and it is not clear whether there have been changes in the names of the people.
In terms of the plant attributes of Lamei itself, does the name of "Wang Lamei" tend to favor one of the varieties of Lamei, "Dog Fly Plum"?
Fan Chengda's "FanCun Plum Spectrum" said: "There are three kinds of wax plums: planted with seeds, not picked up, flowers are small and fragrant, and their products are the lowest, commonly known as dog fly plums." ”
Is the small fragrance of flowers worth devaluing?
Maybe it doesn't make sense.
Could it be that because Lamei blooms alone in the cold winter waxing moon, it is different, looks outlier and demeaning?
It doesn't make sense.
However, it can be seen that the evil woman who also had an adulterous affair with "Wang Lamei" and poisoned her husband in "Water Margin" was written as "Pan Jinlian", which may be a change, and the writing of "Water Margin" is deeply influenced by the meta-miscellaneous drama Water Margin.
The author can't help but ask, is this Shi Nai'an taking into account Lamei's character and changing his name to another name, or is it just because the Pan family in later generations has offended Shi Nai'an?
Maybe not.
The author's level is limited, and I have not found an answer that can be relieved, which may not be a problem in the first place, and the mediocre people disturb themselves. If you have any ideas, please leave a comment in the comments.
Thank you for reading, and likes and comments are welcome.