Text | Star Sword Army
Edited by | Star Sword Junwu
When it comes to the rise and fall of ancient China, the Tang Dynasty will always be an indelible history. When talking about the Tang Dynasty, the first thing that comes to mind is Li Shimin, the rule of Zhenguan, and the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but you never know how tragic the late Tang Dynasty was? The emperor was killed, nine princes were strangled to death, and the ministers were thrown to the yellow river. Here we have to mention a person who once aspired to serve the imperial court, and then stomped Li Tang under his feet, this person is Huang Chao.
No one can think that this smuggler salt dealer made the Li Tang Dynasty almost collapse, how much do you know about the Yellow Nest?
I learned about this person after watching the movie "The Golden Armor in the City", and Huang Chao is most famous for his "Wing Chrysanthemum"
Until the autumn comes on September 8, I will kill a hundred flowers after the flowers bloom.
The incense of the sky penetrated Chang'an, and the city was full of golden armor.
The city is full of golden armor
From the beginning of the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty began to turn from prosperity to decline, the fundamental reason is largely the division of the feudal town, the eunuchs to gain power, the peasant uprising, the later Li Tang royal family is more just a symbol, who will care about a powerless imperial court, and the peasant uprising brought by the Yellow Nest is to make the stormy Tang Even worse, exacerbating the collapse of the Tang Dynasty.
It can only be said that it is the vagaries of fate, and the former Huang Chao is also a hot-blooded teenager, and he has also been full of ambitions to serve the country, in order to change the birth of his businessman, trying to change his future through the imperial examination. But fate made a big joke with him, and many times the list made this hot-blooded teenager completely cold, and the resentful Huang Chao wrote the anti-poem "No First Fuju" that was the first in eternity, leaving the sad place of Chang'an, returning to his hometown to inherit the ancestral inheritance and become the leader of the Salt Gang, which also made him embark on a different path.
In 874, a major drought occurred throughout the country, and the people who were not happy with their livelihood began to revolt, and the Huangchao Uprising also came into being. In fact, there was another rebel army before Huang Chao, that is, the peasant army led by Wang Xianzhi, and it can be said that the reason why Huang Chao rebelled had a lot to do with Wang Xianzhi, after all, everything was difficult at the beginning. The chaotic people of the imperial court were not without ideas, but they sent the first person to eat crabs to take the lead. Wang Xianzhi is this leading big brother
Wang Xianzhi, the leader of the Private Salt Merchants in Puzhou, gathered thousands of people to announce the uprising, and Wang Xianzhi claimed to be the Great General of The Heavenly Supplement. Huang Chao, who was far away in Shandong, read the message sent by Wang Xianzhi and also thought about it, everyone is a salt smuggler, why can you rebel against me? So a bunch of people began to resist. The strength of the two rebel armies in the southern conquest of the northern war became more and more large, and then the strength of the two combined forces was even more frightening, and they successively conquered Shandong and Henan, with a great momentum of sweeping the world.
At that time, the Li Tang Dynasty also thought of sending an army to suppress them, but at that time, the feudal towns were divided, no one was willing to take care of the imperial court, who was willing to send troops to make wedding dresses for others, there was no way, and the suppression could only be done. So he sent someone to find Wang Xianzhi and promised that as long as he was willing to submit, he would be appointed as the guardian of the Zuo Shen's first army and oversee the imperial history. As soon as Wang Xianzhi heard that there were officials who could be appointed, he accepted the appointment and decided to surrender. But Huang Chaoke is different from Wang Xianzhi, he is determined to rebel.
Huang Chao, who got the news, angrily led people to find Wang Xianzhi, and came up with a stinky scolding that split his head and covered his face, saying that he would overthrow the imperial court together, but now you want to command Peace, and you don't listen to Wang Xianzhi's explanation, and you will beat Wang Xianzhi violently with your fists. Don't look at Huang Chao is a reader, it is not weak at all when it comes to fighting, beating Wang Xianzhi to the point that his nose is blue and his face is swollen, and Wang Xianzhi does not dare to mention the matter of Zhao'an anymore. After that, the rebel army was divided into two places, Wang Xianzhi fought to the west and Huang Chao fought to the east, but in Huangmei, Hubei, Wang Xianzhi's rebel army was defeated by the Tang army, and Wang Xianzhi also died in the rebellion. After Wang Xianzhi's death, Huang Chao became the new leader of the rebel army, and his subordinates supported Huang Chao as the Yellow King, known as the "Great General of the Sky"
However, Huang Chao's next operation shocked everyone, and Huang Chao, who established himself as king, wrote a letter to Zhang Qi, the envoy of Tianping Jiedu, expressing his willingness to surrender. This made everyone stunned, the imperial court was a little confused, the most happy rebellion is you HuangChao, and now you have to surrender, in fact, there is a reason for Huangchao's surrender, not that he is willing to surrender is really no way.
Before Wang Xianzhi died, someone shared the pressure on Huang Chao, and the imperial court set its sights on Wang Xianzhi, and now that Wang Xianzhi was dead, Huang Chao was the biggest target of the imperial court. The imperial court gathered a large number of troops to deal with Huang Chao, although Huang Chao also had victories, but it was also a heavy casualty, and could only be continuously transferred, it can be said that Huang Chao had to fight a battle every time he went to a place. Huang Chao also realized that sooner or later he would be doomed in this way, and the south itself could not stay.
So he returned to the Central Plains with the rebels, but within two days Huang Chao realized that the Central Plains were not so easy to mix, those feudal officials who divided the territory were not without strength, but did not want to take care of the Yellow Nest, and now everyone unified their thinking was to kill the Yellow Nest first, and the Yellow Nest also realized that the encirclement of the imperial court had been formed, and almost finally gave himself a knife, there were only two roads in front of him, either to descend or to die, there was no way for the Yellow Nest to surrender to the Tianping Festival, Zhang Qiao was also a good talker, and gave him a position of a right guard general. As long as he surrendered his military power, he would be spared death, and Huang Chao also agreed.
But unexpectedly, a sudden incident disrupted Huang Chao's plan, Wang Xianzhi's old troops were making trouble everywhere, but the momentum was very loud, and the imperial court decided to send troops to suppress it, and this part of the force was the Tang army that besieged Huang Chao. Huang Chao was not really willing to surrender, but only forced to make this decision out of helplessness, now the army besieging himself was going to be transferred, Huang Chao's careful thinking was also alive, Huang Chao knew that as long as he broke through the southern defense line, once he reached Lingnan, he was a dragon into the sea, and he no longer had to fear the encirclement and suppression of the imperial court.
After that, Huang Chao used a fake surrender to escape, ran all the way to Fujian, based on the establishment of a state to fight everywhere, less than half a month let this land wolf smoke, and then took Fuzhou in one fell swoop, but even so Huang Chao failed to start a hegemonic business in Fujian, only because he offended the wrong person, this person is Gao Biao.
Gao Biao
At that time, the person who falsely surrendered to Huang Chao was Gao Biao, who not only almost killed Gao Biao's generals, but also abducted his soldiers and horses, such a deep hatred, how could Gao Biao forget to say a word about Huang Chao, shoot and kill.
Knowing that Huang Chao had settled in Fujian, Gao Biao sent a large number of people and horses to kill him, and Huang Chao was not willing to show weakness, and sent his generals to meet the battle, but the level was a little worse, and none of the generals sent back came back, either killed or surrendered. Huang Chao could only run when he saw that he could not fight, and he took his brothers straight to Lingnan.
Lingnan and Fujian, no soldiers, no generals, Huang Chao to this is the same as the opening of the hanging, it did not take long to hit Guangzhou, after the occupation of Guangzhou, Huang Chao is considered to have a foundation. So he went to the Tang Dynasty, hoping to make him the envoy of Guangzhou, and for Huang Chao's request, the imperial court also had different opinions, some opposed and some agreed, but considering Huang Chao's previous capriciousness, the imperial court decided to accept Huang Chao's surrender, but gave him an idle post without real power. This gave Huang Chaoqi no longer mentioned any Zhao'an, and sent soldiers to start plundering everywhere, seeing that Huang Chao did not know good villains, and the imperial court also began to send a large army to encircle and suppress.
The 3rd road army directly approached Lingnan, Huang Chao saw that he could not fight and led his troops north, claiming that his 500,000 people were huge, but in Jingmen, he was beaten by Shannan Jiedu so that Liu Jurong was beaten to the ground, and he was beaten all the way to Jiangling, and the army suffered heavy casualties. Logically, as long as Liu Jurong is a little more energetic, it is estimated that there is no Huang Chao this person, but Liu Jurong does not fight, Liu Jurong is also a deep calculation, he knows that the bird is doing his best to hide, the cunning rabbit is dead and the dog is cooking, and now he can have his current status, all because of the rebel person of Huang Chao, if Huang Chao is dead, then it is estimated that it will be his turn next. So Huang Chao was released, and Huang Chao was able to survive, and then Huang Chao slowed down, captured Wuchang, plundered everywhere, and once reached 200,000 troops
The Yellow Nest Army
In 880, Huang Chao attacked Shenzhou and began to drive straight into the hinterland of the Central Plains, and in November, Huang Chao's army arrived in Ruzhou, along the way Huang Chao's army was still strictly disciplined, but it continued to expand the army, and then Huang Chao even sent a letter in the name of the great general of the leading tu, which probably means that as long as you don't do the Tao, I will not provoke you, everyone is safe, and when I take Chang'an, the court has nothing to do with you. For the meaning of the Yellow Nest, those who hold great power have always maintained their defaults, and they have silently given way to the road, so the Yellow Nest has been unimpeded all the way.
On November 17, Huang Chao's army took only 5 days to capture the eastern capital Luoyang, and all the officials in the city came out to kneel to greet their new masters, at this time Huang Chao experienced the baptism of blood and the polishing of time, making him a person who made everyone afraid, and he will usher in the most important battle of his life.
Huang Chao, who had captured Luoyang, set his sights on Chang'an, and as long as he took Chang'an again, Huang Chao's dream would come true. But if you want to take Chang'an, you must take Tongguan, Tongguan is the gateway to Chang'an, can't take Tongguan everything is white, Huang Chao did all the soldiers and horses straight to Tongguan. And the army that guards Tongguan is the famous Shen Ce Army, but now the Shen Ce Army has long been devoid of the divine courage of the past, all of them are composed of rich children in Chang'an, don't look at the well-equipped, in fact, it is a group of weak chickens, let them eat, drink and have fun is a good hand, but to let them go to war, everyone is a bag, and even there are beggars who spend money to buy sick beggars to fight for them, such an army can have combat effectiveness to see the ghost, even the guarding general Zhang Chengfan has no confidence.
Zhang Chengfan once said a passage to Tang Qizong, which means that Huang Chao's army has hundreds of thousands, and now there are only tens of thousands of defenders in Tongguan, and you let me take more than two thousand people to guard the pass, which really makes me chill, I have not heard the news of reinforcements until now, I hope That Your Majesty can send reinforcements as soon as possible. Emperor Tang only said a word, and the reinforcements arrived soon and let him go.
Tongguan was easy to defend and difficult to attack, and Huang Chao could not take it for a while, but people did not expect that the Tang Army was so unbearable. On the left side of Tongguan there is a small road, which is exclusively for the entry and exit of the imperial court tax collectors, known as the forbidden road. It was such a throat road that no one guarded, and by the time The Tang army remembered that it was too late, Huang Chao ordered people to drive more than a thousand innocent people to jump into the deep pit, and then filled it with soil, and the living people added soil to fill this big pit, and Huang Chao's army rushed into Tongguan in this way, and under the internal and external attacks, Tongguan was broken, and the portal of Chang'an was opened.
As soon as he heard that tongguan had been broken, the army went straight to Chang'an, and Tang Shuzong was also anxious, leading people to run away all night, and heard that the emperor had run away, who was still willing to defend Chang'an. Looking at chang'an close at hand, Huang Chao is also full of thoughts, who can think of a smuggled salt dealer who really stepped on the feet of The Tang Dynasty, recalling the anti-poem of that year, the city full of golden armor really came true.
When Huang Chao's army entered Chang'an, the people of the whole city were welcomed by the middle road, feeling that when Huang Chao came, their lives could be better, but they all thought wrong. Huang Chao's army had not been settled for a few days, and the inner animalism could no longer be suppressed, and the soldiers took to the streets with knives and began to massacre officials and magnates and ordinary people on a large scale, and for a time the corpses were all over the field, and the blood flowed like a river, turning Chang'an into a hell overnight. It should be known that most of Huangchao's army is composed of displaced people, and where can military discipline be good, it is fighting all day long, and it is conceivable how miserable the common people should be, and even the phenomenon of cannibalism. This is not nonsense, it is recorded in many historical materials, both in the Zizhi Tongjian and in the Old and New Tang Books.
Later, in order to cut off the people's thoughts about Li Tang, Huang Chao directly killed the Li Tang royal family who did not flee, even the baby did not let go, and the Li Tang Dynasty was crumbling. After that, Huang Chao ascended the throne at the Hanyuan Temple and claimed the title of emperor, changed the name of the country to Daqi, and established the YuanJin Dynasty. But the emperor's seat is so easy to do, Huang Chao's ass is not yet hot, the Qin King's army from all over the world is coming, and the Emperor huang Chao of Great Qi can only continue to run. In the face of all the Qinwang armies, Huang Chao was also powerless, and the territory was encroached on little by little, and finally only Tongzhou and Huazhou were left.
But Huang Chao could not imagine that it was his own general who made him ruined, and even more Zhu Wen, who ended the national fortunes of the Tang Dynasty in 289.
In fact, Zhu Wen's rebellion was also Huang Chao's own doing, it should be known that huang chao had already driven out the Li Tang royal family at that time, and most people at that time felt that Huang Chao's Qi regime was great. Having replaced the Li Tang Dynasty, many officials of the original Tang Dynasty also changed their banners and turned to HuangChao, if it were not for the irreconcilable contradiction between the two people, how could Zhu Wen rebel when Huangchao was at its peak.
Since Huang Chao established Daqi, he did not want to govern the world, messed around in the harem all day, and also used a group of eunuchs to serve as supervisors in the army, so many brothers who fought with Huang Chao were very dissatisfied, and Zhu Wen was one of them. Zhu Wen repeatedly played folds to persuade Huang Chao, but these folds were all stone sinking into the sea and intercepted by those eunuchs.
In 882, Zhu Wen led his troops to fight the Tang army in the river, and then suffered a fiasco, Zhu Wen had no choice but to ask Huang Chao for help, but was suppressed by zhu Wen's vengeful eunuchs in the court, Zhu Wen waited for many days without waiting for Huang Chao's reinforcements, and his generals advised Zhu Wen not to turn to the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Wen already had an opinion on Huang Chao, plus Huang Chao did not send troops to save himself, completely disappointed Zhu Wen in Huang Chao, since you are not kind, don't blame me for not being righteous, Zhu Wen directly killed the eunuch of the supervision army and surrendered to Li Tang.
Zhu Wen's rebellion directly gave Huang Chao a heavy blow, but also the beginning of the collapse of Huang Chao, under the fierce attack of Zhu Wen and Li Keyong, Huang Chao's army was defeated and retreated, and soon even the last territory was lost, forced by helplessness Huang Chao could only break through from the direction of Lantian, chasing all the way to escape, Huang Chao was like a dog that lost his family, the two sides launched a final decisive battle, The remnants of Huang Chao's army were annihilated by the Tang army in one fell swoop, and the Wolf Tiger Valley also became the burial place of the Huang Chao family, and since then, the tyrant who trampled the Li Tang Dynasty under his feet came to an end.
The Huangchao Rebellion lasted nine years from the beginning of the army in 875 to its demise in 884 AD. Nine years of ups and downs have consumed the last fortune of this once powerful dynasty.
Yellow Nest
The destruction of the Yellow Nest made Zhu Wen, and after Huang Chao's death, Zhu Wen became the most powerful being in one fell swoop. Although Zhu Wen was given the name "Quan Zhong" when he defected to Li Tang, this person was not loyal at all, and his extremely inflated power gradually revealed his ambitions. After emperor Xuanzong's death, his younger brother Li Ye succeeded to the throne, that is, the last emperor in the history of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Zhaozong, had the heart to turn the tide and save the country, but he did not have the strength, at this time the Tang Dynasty had accumulated a lot of difficulties, there were eunuchs in the interior, there were feudal towns outside, Tang Zhaozong was a decoration, Zhu Wen's ambitions could no longer be controlled, and began to send troops from Da Liang to Chang'an, after Zhu Wen entered the city, he killed all the eunuchs, killing a total of seventy-two people before and after, and Tang Zhaozong also became his puppet.
Zhu Wen began to emulate Cao Cao's blackmail of Tianzi to order the princes, and then feared that Tang Zhaozong would unite with others to oppose him, so he attacked first and directly killed Tang Zhaozong, and then Zhu Wen's butcher knife was aimed at the Li Tang royal family. In 905, Zhu Wen held a banquet at Jiuquchi in Luoyang, found all nine sons of Tang Zhaozong, and then strangled them all and threw them into Jiuquchi, and also killed more than thirty officials loyal to Li Tang at Baima Yi, which is known in history as the "Disaster of Baima Yi".
Two years later, Zhu Wen forced Emperor Tang to give way to himself, changed the name of the country to Liang, historically called Liang Taizu, changed the Yuan Kaiping, and set the capital kaifeng, at this point, the Tang Dynasty, which had experienced two hundred and eighty-nine years, ended.