Peter I is also known as "Peter the Great" (reigned 1682-1725).
In 1547, during the reign of Ivan IV, Russian rulers began to adopt the title of "Tsar" to strengthen their autocracy. Under the tsarist despotism, serfdom prevailed in Russia. In 1682, Peter I ascended the throne, he was a politician who dared to think and act, with a strong desire for knowledge and a spirit of adventure, in the face of poverty and backwardness in Russia, Peter I was determined to learn from the West and carry out comprehensive reforms after taking the throne.
He pursued mercantilist policies and encouraged foreign trade; carried out military reforms and founded the navy; he also promoted cultural education and established the Academy of Sciences. Some scholars believe that Peter I was the first person to lead Russia to break through isolation and closure, go to the world, and learn from the West, which opened the process of Modernization of Russia, and Peter I made great contributions to the strength and prosperity of Russia, so he was called "Peter the Great". But Peter I attached importance only to the strengthening of Russia's national strength in terms of military, economic and technological aspects, and his reforms were carried out from top to bottom without shaking the foundation of serfdom, for example, although he encouraged the establishment of manual workshops, he allowed the workshop owners to buy serfs from the entire village, and he established a set of administrative institutions, relying on small and medium-sized landlords to establish a centralized system, further strengthening the absolutist power of the tsar, and reforming Russia became a typical feudal monarchy. Therefore, some scholars believe that Peter I, while learning from the West, strengthened the domestic autocracy and serfdom, and in the long run, the result was to widen the political, economic, and cultural gap between Russia and the West, so that Russia continued to lag behind the West for more than 200 years.
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