During the Period of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, there were five Liang States, Former Liang (Zhang Yu), Xi Liang (Li Kuan), Hou Liang (Lü Guang), Nan Liang (Bald Wu Gu), and Northern Liang (Depressed Canal Mengxun), these five Liang States did not have a favorable relationship, and even in the same era, they were hostile, but because of their geographical relationship with Liangzhou, they all called themselves "Liang".
Located in the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains and the eastern section of the Hexi Corridor, Guzang was the political center of the local government in Hexi during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and was the seat of liangzhou at that time, in present-day Wuwei, Gansu.
At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the world was chaotic, in addition to the "southern crossing of the crown", there were also "shi clans going north" into the Hexi Corridor, Guo Heguo Yu Liu Fu's three masters and apprentices were outstanding representatives, and Liangzhou became the largest settlement of Han people at that time.
● Zhang Yi established Qianliang (318-376), the capital city of Guzang.
In 301 AD, the Han Chinese Zhang Rail was named liangzhou thorn history by the Western Jin Dynasty, and Zhang Rail paid attention to nongsangxing school Confucianism in Liangzhou to develop the economy, and made many achievements. Although the Zhang clan was named a Jin courtier, it was actually a divided regime.
At the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhang Yu, the son of Zhang Rail, took advantage of the chaos in the Central Plains and proclaimed himself the King of Liang and established the former Liang regime.
At that time, the unstoppable nation was the Qi people, and Former Liang was eventually destroyed by Former Qin.
● Lü Guang established HouLiang (386~403), the capital city of Guzang, passed on the four lords.
Lü Guang is said to be a descendant of Lü Yan, of the Hu clan, whose father Lü Polou was also a major minister of the founding state of Former Qin, who was heavily followed by former Qin emperor Jian Jian to follow the emperor in the southern conquest of the northern war and repeatedly performed qigong, and was a hero of Former Qin's destruction of Former Yan.
With the assistance of the Han strategist Wang Meng, Former Qin almost became the first minority regime to unify the north. He had a broad mind of the four wildernesses, and he sent his own troops to conquer the Eastern Jin Dynasty, sending Lü Guang to conquer the Western Regions, and at the same time as the Battle of Shuishui was being fought, Lü Guang was also fighting in the Western Regions.
However, Former Qin was defeated in the Battle of Shuishui, and the anti-Qin regime sprang up, and Jian Jian was victimized by The Later Qin lord Yao Cang. After Lü Guang entered the Jade Gate, he learned that Emperor Jian Jian was dead, and Lü Guang wept bitterly at Guzang Ju, and then built himself as a king, known in history as "Hou Liang".
Another important achievement of Lü Guang's conquest of the Western Regions was the capture of the high monk Kumarosh, who had been stationed in Liangzhou for seventeen years and witnessed the rise and fall of the entire Houliang.
After the establishment of Houliang, there were wars between the outside and the Western Qin Qifu clan, the Southern Liang, and the Northern Liang, and the internal brothers fought for power, and finally the Houliang Lü clan ended by descending to the Yao clan and Later Qin.
● Frustrated Canal Mengxun established Northern Liang (397~439), the capital city of Zhangye, passing on the second lord.
The Depression Canal Department is a branch of the Xiongnu, whose ancestors were the Xiongnu Zuo Frustrated Canal King, and they took the tribe as their surname.
After Lü Guang established Hou Liang, he reused the chancellor Duan Ye.
At that time, one of the states that stood side by side with Houliang was Western Qin (385-481), and the Western Qin Qifu clan was a humble person, who was also a former subordinate of Zhijian and a loyal supporter of Jianjian, and only established the state after Jianjian was killed by Yao Cang. Western Qin and Later Liang met many times, and after a military defeat, Lü Guang killed the two generals of Depression Canal Luo Qiu and Frustrated Canal Qiu for the crime of defeating the army, which made Duan Ye's subordinates at that time frustrated With Depression Canal Mengxun resentful, vowed to avenge the two uncles, and tricked Duan Ye into rebellion. Four years after Duan Ye was called the King of Liang, in 401, Mengxun devised an excuse to attack duan ye, still called Liangzhou Mu, changed yuan yong'an, inherited the land of Liangzhou king hegemony, and established "Northern Liang".
In 421, Xi liang was extinguished.
In 433, Monson died and was succeeded by his son, Mu Qian (犍犍). In 439, Tuoba Tao led the Northern Wei army to besiege Guzang, and The Depressed Canal Muqian surrendered, and Northern Liang perished.
● Li Xuan established Xiliang (400-421) and passed on the three lords.
Li Kuang is said to be a descendant of the Western Han Fei general Li Guang, although "Li Guang is difficult to seal", but his descendants are prestigious and famous, and Li Kuan, the grandfather of Western Liang, is revered as an ancestor by the Tang Dynasty royal family, in this way, the Tang Dynasty is also a descendant of Li Guang.
The Li clan is the surname of Liangzhou, and Li Xuan's ancestors Li Shi Lianghan, Wei Jin and Former Liang are county guards. The Northern Liang Dynasty appointed Li Huan as the general of Anxi and the Taishou of Dunhuang, and established the Western Liang Dynasty in 400 AD.
Xiliang ruled the internal affairs and promoted culture and religion, Dunhuang became the center of spreading Han culture and Confucian thought in China's western frontier for a while, and made important contributions to the preservation and development of Han culture.
By 401, when Mengxun attacked Duan Ye, Li Huan, with his prestige, was pushed by Duan's amateur department to form a confrontation with Mengxun of Duanqu, and fought with Northern Liang for a long time, during which although he befriended Southern Liang and jointly resisted the powerful Northern Liang, he was eventually destroyed by Northern Liang.
● Hexi Xianbei Bald Wugu established Nanliang (397-414), passing on the three lords.
Similar to the story of the Westward Migration of the Xianbei Tuguhun Thousands of Miles, another Branch of Tuoba Xianbei also moved westward. Tuoba Jiefen's eldest son was called "Tuoba Pi lonely", and the younger son was "Tuoba Liwei". Tuoba Jiefen made his younger son Tuoba Liwei his heir, so the eldest son Tuoba Pi led the people to break away from Tuoba and moved west to Yongliang, Hexi, which is now central Shaanxi and Gansu.
The Tuoba tribe that settled in Hexi later became the most powerful Xianbei tribe in this area, known as "Hexi Xianbei". Tuoba Pigu changed his surname to "Bald Hair", which was later called "Fresh And Humble Bald Hair Department". The bald-haired Wugu established Nanliang in 397 AD, and the capital was set at "Ledu", which is today's Qinghai Ledu.
When he reached the baldness of Tan, he cunningly and conspired to submit to Later Qin Yaoxing and was able to garrison Guzang.
From then on, there was no one in sight, and many times went out to attack Northern Liang, and the Western Qin Qifu clan took advantage of the void, and finally captured Xiping in Southern Liang, killing Li Tan, and finally Southern Liang was destroyed by Western Qin.