"There are beautiful people in the north, unique and independent. One look at the city of the people, and then look at the country of the people. "During the period of sorting out the documents unearthed and circulated in the Great Luding, I always thought of the imagery of these few poems.
At this year's high-profile bronze Ding Special Exhibition held by Shangbo, this heavy object donated by the Pan family, which was once stored in Shangbo and transferred to the China History Museum (now the National Museum) in 1959, was reunited with the Dakeding donated by Pan.
The Great Lu Ding is a bronze heavy vessel from the Kangxian period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, excavated in the 1820s in Licun, Qishan County, Shaanxi Province. It is 101.9 cm tall, 77.8 cm in diameter, weighs 153.5 kg, and has a long inscription of 291 characters, which records King Kang of Zhou's exhortations to inherit the virtues and wine of King Wu of Wen and the encouragement and reward of Honoring the Government of Lu, which is enough to meet a "Book of Shang".
Large obverse front
The back of the large bowl
At that time, it was the most prosperous bronze ware, and every time there was a new one, it tended to expand it. Soon after the excavation of the Great Luding, there was a spread of the Takumoto, so the news of its excavation did not go away. From the secret of the original owner, the cunning of the local county order, to the re-purchase from the market by the original owner, etc., there are also other kinds of unearthed information circulating. Until the second half of the nineteenth century, the Great Luding and its inscriptions were always the focus of attention of scholars and scholars at that time. After Zuo Zongtang (a politician and military figure of the late Qing Dynasty) was appointed to the Guanzhong Academy in Shaanxi, it was first proposed to be placed in the Guanzhong Academy, and then given to Pan Zuyin (a scholar and great collector of the late Qing Dynasty) and eventually transported to Beijing.
Pan Zuyin had suspected that the Great Lu Ding was a forgery. Chen Jieqi (a famous epigrapher of the late Qing Dynasty) always believed it to be true, and not only wrote to Pan Shi to advise him on his income, but also wrote to Wu Dayi, who was in charge of the shaanxi and Gansu academic politics, asking him to investigate the evidence and analyze the reasons for the doubts. With the verification of Wu Daying, this strengthened Pan Zuyin's acceptance of Da Luding.
Chen Jieqi also had the idea of asking Pan Zuyin to ask Su Yinian, a famous antique dealer in Xi'an, to handle the matter of transporting Ding to Beijing. Mao Gongding, one of the "Three Treasures of the Sea", was sold to Chen Jieqi by this man. Chen Jieqi also said that if you can get the Great Lu Ding, it is not too much to change it with how many pieces of tibetan utensils. "Having obtained this heavy weapon, its ordinary sketches can also be too urgent, and everything is tired." Pan Zuyin also said in his letter to Wu Daying that Chen Jieqi was intoxicated with Da Lu Ding and "his soul was scattered for it." And he himself went to Beijing to raise a big cup, clear debts and other deposits, and empty his position.
Of course, the big bowl is worth it. Chen Jieqi once said that Lu Ding was "the most precious treasure of the true three thousand years" and "is the true ancient text and book of Shangshu". Chen Mengjia, an archaeologist and paleographer of the twentieth century, wrote in the Western Zhou Bronze Ware Discontinuity: "The heavy weapon of the bronze ware seen should be the first treasure." Although the length of the inscription is not as long as That of Mao Gongding, the content is more important and the shape is thick and majestic. This vessel weighs less than the Yin Dynasty's Simu Peng Fang Ding and Da Ke Ding, and the production is better than the latter. The production, inscriptions, and volume are all more than the white plate of the Season of The Dragon. ”
Rubbings and explanatory texts of the Da Lu Ding inscription
In addition to chronology, the complete bronze inscription has three parts: chronicle, praise (kings, kings and ancestors, etc.), and prayer for blessings. Among them, most of the praises and prayers are also the earliest rhyming "rhymes", and there are quite a few Chen styles. Later, the gradual narrative part also appeared rhyme, and the rhythm felt sonorous when reading. The earliest was Wang Guowei's attention to the rhyme of the bronze inscription and made a preliminary arrangement, and wrote "Two Weeks of Golden Stone Rhyme Reading". Its preface says: The rhymes of the former sages are mainly based on three hundred and five poems, and the Yu Gengquan Zhou Shi rhymes are found in the Jinshi script, and dozens of them are obtained. ...... The literature of the kingdoms, outside the Shang, Lu Ersong and the Fifteen Kingdoms. At that time, it was also five or six hundred years since the beginning of the Emperor's Reign and the Zhou Dynasty, but its rhyme is inconsistent with the three hundred articles.
Later, Guo Moruo and others continued to add to it, and so far nearly 500 rhyming inscriptions have been sorted out. Therefore, the bronze inscriptions should also be the source of the Book of Poetry, especially the "praise" and "ya" in it. It is just that the rhyme of early inscriptions has not yet been standardized. The Great Lu Ding is an early Western Zhou instrument, and the rhyme of its inscriptions is already very clear. as:
Take the beginning and end of the inscription to see how it rhymes. Among them Wang, Fang, Yangbu, Gang, Eastern. It is a Yangdong rhyme. Fate, people, true ministry; zheng, ding, cultivation ministry. Rhymes for true farming. The rhyme forms of bronze inscription rhymes include rhymes, substitutions, rhymes, and rhymes, which are also very similar to the Book of Poetry. In the passage of the Great Lu Ding Ming, the preceding paragraph is cross rhyme, and the end is followed by rhyme. Of course, there are also the whole rhyme, a rhyme to the end, such as the late Spring and Autumn "Tribute to the Heavenly King Bell", the whole passage rhymes with the Yang Part:
The Shanghai Museum has a collection of da lu ding inscriptions, which were inscribed by Wu Dayi (a late Qing dynasty epigrapher and philologist) and made a long interpretation and supplementary interpretation, including the inscription of Gu Zhaoxi (a Qing Dynasty official who donated a huge amount of money to run the school). The inscription recounts a gathering of Yaju shortly after the arrival of Da Luding - the time when Da Luding was transported to Beijing was in December 1874, after Pan Zuyin won the Ding, a Yaju appreciation activity was held, the participants were Hu Yizan, Wang Mingluan, Yan Yusen, Wang Yirong, etc., and recorded that Pan Zuyin "sent poems to Xie Xiangyin Gong, Gai Xiangyin GongZhu visited it, and returned to Pan Ye from Yuan". Zuo Zongtang was a native of Xiangyin, Hunan, so he was known as Xiangyin. Yuan refers to Yuan Baoheng, who was the specific manager between Zuo Zongtang and Pan Zuyin. Unfortunately, these works of Yaju and the poems of Pan Zuyin Xie Zuo Zongtang are now unknown.
Da Lu Ding Ming Tuo Axis Wu Da Li Kao Shi (Partial)
Column Editor-in-Chief: Huang Wei Text Editor: Luan Yinzhi
Source: Author: Tang Youbo