Campylobacter porcine jejuni infection is a zoonotic bacterial gastrointestinal infectious disease, widely distributed in the world's major pig-raising countries, China's small and medium-sized pig farms with low level of feeding management have the most diseases and greater harm.
Campylobacter jejuni belongs to the subspecies of the fetal Campylobacter jejuni, belonging to the family Helicobacter, Campylobacter genus, Gram staining is negative, microscopic observation is comma-shaped, seagull-like or "S" shape, the end has flagella, can move on its own, no pod membrane on the surface, and no spore is formed in harsh environments. There are certain requirements for nutrition in vitro culture, ordinary broth medium can also grow, but the growth is very slow, the medium added to the serum can grow rapidly, and the culture environment needs to have a certain concentration of oxygen. Campylobacter has a strong tolerance to bovine bile, but bovine bile has a strong inhibitory effect on other pathogenic bacteria, and this feature can be used for the clinical isolation of this bacterium. Campylobacter is not very resistant to the outside world, 75% disinfectant alcohol, iodine solution, lime powder, 2% fire alkali solution, 0. 1% new Jieer solution and 3% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution have a strong killing effect on this bacterium, sensitive to heat, 30 minutes can be killed under 80 °C conditions, boiling water is quickly inactivated, the sun can die within a few hours under direct sunlight, and the tolerance to drying is poor.
Campylobacter jejuni is widely distributed in nature, and this bacterium can be isolated from the intestines of various animals, many of which exist in the form of regular bacteria, which can be excreted with feces and pollute the environment. The serotype of this bacterium is more, China has reported as many as 20 species, in addition to pigs, cattle, chickens, ducks and wild animals can be infected, but the natural infection rate of chickens is the highest, and can infect pigs through environmental pollution, so some scholars believe that chickens are one of the important sources of infection of campylobacter jejuni in pigs. The digestive tract is the main route of transmission of the disease, especially when feed or drinking water is contaminated with feces, and the disease is prone to outbreaks. Stress is an important cause of the occurrence of this disease, weather changes, feed changes, violent eviction, feeding density is too large, low diet nutrition level and so on will promote the occurrence of this disease.
Under the same infection conditions, the clinical manifestations of the disease are light and heavy, mainly related to the management level of the pig farm and the resistance of the pig itself, some pigs have no clinical manifestations after infection, some pigs show mild diarrhea after tolerance, and some pigs have the onset of infection, mainly manifesting body temperature increase, up to 40 ° C or more, feces are not formed, the amount of food intake is reduced or abolished, and the anus is often contaminated with feces. In the later stages of the disease, the sick pig has abdominal pain, often lying on the ground alone and panting, accompanied by a hissing sound, and long-term diarrhea leads to dehydration, dry skin, sunken eyes, and dull coat color. The incidence of piglets is higher than that of adult pigs, the incubation period is generally 3 to 5 days, some in the early stage of infection, cold intolerance, whole body trembling, very alert to the approaching keeper, there is vomiting phenomenon, severe stool is watery, easy to misjudge as epidemic diarrhea or infectious gastroenteritis, fecal odor, sometimes with shedding intestinal mucosa and blood. Before dying, the sick pig had difficulty breathing, lacked oxygen throughout the body, and visible mucosa cyanosis. For autopsy of sick and dead pigs, the main lesions are concentrated in the jejunum site, diffuse hemorrhagic edema and exudative enteritis can be seen, the duodenum is basically unchanged, the ileum and colon will be thickened, bleeding, ulcers, etc. in the later stage of the disease, and there is no mixed infection, and other organs are generally not abnormal.
4． 1 Strengthen the management of pig farms
Usually do a good job in the monitoring of the epidemic disease and the disinfection of the pig farm, the pig farm in the epidemic area should clean the pig house health every day, not less than 2 times / week of environmental disinfection, disinfectant can choose 0. 1% concentration of neo-gell quenching solution, with pig disinfection use. When disinfecting, it should be noted that manure, garbage, etc. have a certain offsetting effect on the bactericidal power of the disinfectant, so it is recommended to clean and clean the pen before disinfection, which can improve the disinfection effect. Transmission of the digestive tract is the main way of transmission of the disease, so it is necessary to control the feed and drinking water, the feed should be fresh, expired, moldy feed is prohibited from feeding, drinking water should be clean and hygienic, it is best to drink tap water or deep well water, regularly clean the waterline, and minimize the incidence of the disease.
4． 2 Microecological prevention
Feed to add probiotic preparations to help the balance of intestinal microecology, veterinary clinical commonly used probiotic species are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus natto, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium butyrates, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, etc., these bacteria into the intestine, can make the beneficial flora in a dominant position, beneficial bacteria on the intestinal infection of Campylobacter has an inhibitory effect, long-term addition to help the prevention of the disease.
Campylobacter infection is basically parasitic in the intestinal wall mucosal epithelial cells, generally will not enter the blood to cause bacteremia, so when clinical medication treatment of this disease, oral administration is better than injection administration, especially drugs with low intestinal absorption rate, drugs after oral administration are concentrated in the intestinal contents, and the lethality of jejunobacteria is very strong, such as gentamicin, neomycin, amphotericin and the like. In addition to the above, the therapeutic effect of some broad-spectrum antibiotics on the disease is also very significant, such as enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, Tylosin and so on. Antibiotics only have a bactericidal effect, for pigs with severe disease, there are lesions such as detachment, ulceration, bleeding and other lesions in the intestinal mucosa, which need to be combined with drug adjuvant therapy to promote mucosal growth and blood vessel healing. Cod liver oil is rich in VA, combined with the use of mucosal regeneration has a promoting effect, drinking water to add VC can promote blood vessels become more dense, feed can also add VB12, iron preparations and VK, thereby accelerating blood clotting and blood replenishment, are helpful for the recovery of the disease. Pigs with dehydration can be filled with rehydration salts or intraperitoneal injection of sugar saline to quickly alleviate symptoms and shorten the course of treatment.
Author: Yue Changgeng