In recent years, the level of domestic beef consumption has been continuously improved, and the basic cow inventory has been steadily moving forward, which in turn has led to a shortage of cattle sources and a sharp rise in the price of calves, and now the market price of 400 to 500 kg of fine breeding male calves has reached nearly 10,000 yuan a head, which makes the cost and risk of simple fattening greatly increased, the future development direction of the cattle industry will inevitably be based on self-breeding and self-breeding, today Xiaobian will give you a detailed introduction to what problems need to be paid attention to in raising cows?
1, cows produce one calf per litter is the best
Under normal circumstances, a cow will give birth to a calf, and in rare cases, twins will be born, but many cattle farmers want to let the cow produce multiple calves in one litter to create higher efficiency. In the technology to make the cow a litter to produce multiple calves is completely feasible, only need to inject the cow to promote ovulation drugs to make it over-ovulate, and then at the right time for artificial insemination, but not the more calves produced, the higher the benefit, the key lies in the quality of the calves and the use of the cow years, one of the twin calves is more weak, relative to the single calf not only slow growth rate, but also easy to get sick Survival rate is not ideal; second, the birth of twins to the cow is more harmful, such as pregnancy is prone to miscarriage, Vaginal prolapse and uterine prolapse, paraplegia is easy to occur before and after childbirth, slow postpartum recovery is easy to infect uterine inflammation, etc., can be used 10 to 12 years of cows, continuous birth of 2 to 3 times twins may be abandoned. As long as the cow can guarantee the birth of one child a year, one calf is very ideal, do not deliberately pursue twins, multiple births, otherwise the calf growth is slow, the mortality rate is high or the cow is wasted.
2, the key to the cow to give birth to one litter a year
Cows a year to produce a litter is almost all cattle farmers to pursue the goal, do not think that this is a small goal, it can be said that the vast majority of cows can not meet this goal requirements, the cow's gestation period of nearly ten months, only in 2 to 3 months after childbirth estrus breeding and successful conception can do a year to give birth to a child, but many cows after three or four months or even longer without signs of estrus, in this case the cow's reproductive cycle will be greatly extended, This, in turn, will affect the output of cattle rearing benefits. If you want to make the cow give birth to a fetus a year need to do five points to be able to, the first cow after childbirth timely injection of oxytocin to promote the discharge of the tire coat, the second cow 3 days after childbirth injection of penicillin, enrofloxacin or ceftiafurofurode sodium and other drugs for anti-inflammatory, the third cow can drink motherwort water every day for the first 7 days after childbirth (motherwort fresh product 500 grams or dry product 250 grams with water 3000 ml boiling, cold to the right temperature to drink) once to promote lochia discharge and uterine recovery, The fourth needs to provide the cow with sufficient nutrients to meet its nutritional needs, and the fifth is to appropriately increase the exercise and light time to promote estrus and ovulation.
3. The initial age of cows should not be too early
Individual cows may appear in estrus at 8 to 10 months of age, but at this time the body development is not yet complete, and it is easy to make it easy to have vaginal prolapse or uterine prolapse, second, it is easy to have difficult labor, and third, the production of calves with small physique is poor Survival rate, the best age for cows to be first mated is more than 1.5 years old, and the weight can reach more than 70% of adult cows. Speaking of the cow's initial age should not be too early to say that the first pair of cows are not in heat problem, some cows 2 years old or even 3 years old have not yet estrus, in this case, first need to find an experienced veterinarian or breeder to check whether their ovarian development is normal, abnormal development and difficult to treat should be eliminated, if the development is normal and the cow physique is better, you can inject pregnant horse serum gonadotropin, chloroprostol, luteinizing hormone and ovulation promotion no. 3 and other drugs to promote estrus and ovulation, The first estrus after medication will not ovulate normally, but can be mated when estrus is resumed. In addition, when the cow is first matched, it is not advisable to use an oversized breeding bull or high-quality frozen semen, otherwise the fetus cow is prone to difficult childbirth and other problems.
4. Cow estrus identification and breeding timing
Timely detection of estrus cows and mastering the best breeding time to prevent missed or mismatched mating helps to improve the fetal rate of cows. Cows are excited and restless at the beginning of estrus, loudly mooing, loss of appetite, constantly swimming, watergate swelling and redness, out of the egg white mucus, at this time mating is still early; in the middle of estrus, the cow's hind limbs open, begin to accept climbing, the watergate swelling is obvious, become shiny, the mucus becomes thick, and the mating is best after 10 to 12 hours; the cow gradually becomes quiet at the end of estrus, the watergate redness and swelling basically disappear and wrinkles, the mucus decreases and becomes turbid, and the breeding is just right at this time; the cow's watergate redness and mucus completely disappear, refusing the bull to climb across, At this time, it proves that the cow's estrus period has passed and the best breeding time has been missed. Experienced breeders can determine the best mating time through rectal examination, the follicles of cows begin to enlarge in the early stage of estrus, the follicles in the middle of estrus are significantly enlarged, and the follicles at the end of estrus are significantly enlarged to touch the ripe grape feeling, and the mating and conception rate is the highest at this time. If the time of estrus of the cow cannot be accurately determined, the compounding method can be used, that is, the mating method can be used when the cow receives the climb span, and then the compounding is carried out again 8 to 12 hours after mating to improve the mating conception rate.
5. Key points of feeding and management of cows during pregnancy
The quality of calves is closely related to the feeding management of cows during pregnancy, and the breeding management should be strengthened after the cow breeding is conceived. Cows become quiet after pregnancy, and their appetite will increase, so it is necessary to appropriately increase the feed supply to meet their nutritional needs. Cows after breeding 2 months to wean the calves, at this time the calves have reached 4 to 5 months of age can be weaned, after weaning can reduce the nutritional consumption of the cow to provide sufficient nutrition for the growth of the fetal cow, after the cow stops lactation need to reduce the feed supply appropriately, so as not to overweight the cow and affect their own physique and the growth and development of the fetal cow. The growth rate of fetal cattle will be significantly accelerated at the beginning of 5 to 6 months of pregnancy in cows, and the nutrients required at this time will also be greatly increased, and the feed supply needs to be appropriately increased, and it is also necessary to pay attention to the supplementation of minerals, trace elements and vitamins to meet the nutritional needs of fetal cattle growth and development. Cows entering the middle and third trimester of pregnancy need to appropriately increase the amount of exercise and light time, which is very helpful for improving the physique of cows and reducing the rate of dystocia. In addition, during the pregnancy of the cow, it is necessary to keep the barn quiet, hygienic and clean, well ventilated, suitable temperature, etc., which can improve the quality of the calf to varying degrees. #谷丰计划 #