Author: Ren Yan, our special guest author
In 1960, after a vote by all members of the International Olympic Committee, Japan's "judo" was listed as an Olympic event. In 1964, judo officially appeared at the 18th Summer Olympic Games as a new competition. Jigoro Kano, who made a special contribution to judo, is revered by the Japanese as the "Father of Judo". But judo, Japan's "national treasure", its real "originator" is a Chinese, his name is Chen Yuanyun.
1. Slash Youth
Chen Yuanyun was born in the fifteenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1587 AD), the character Yidu, the number of Zhishan, Sheng'an, Jiebaishan people, etc., is a native of Yuhang, Zhejiang. When he was a child, he was wise and wise, hard-working, reading a lot of books, not only learning classics and history, calligraphy, painting, poetry, etc. were deeply studied, and when he grew up, he was versatile, and it was not an exaggeration to call him a "slash youth". (Contemporary refers to young people who are not satisfied with a single occupation, but have multiple occupations and identities.) These people will use slashes to distinguish themselves in self-introduction, for example: Li Moumou, photographer/actor/writer. ）
Like the readers in ancient times, Chen Yuanyun originally planned to "learn and excel", but his science field luck was not bad, when he was 18 years old, he did not pass the county school examination, and he did not even pass the show talent, let alone the career path, and the disheartened Chen Yuanyun decided to give up the examination.
Chen Yuanyun's neighboring villages are famous for making pottery and celadon porcelain, and in order to make a living, he began to learn pottery from his teachers. Smart and studious, within a few years, he learned a good pottery craft. Full of economics and good craftsmanship, Chen Yuanyun was not willing to stay in his hometown for a lifetime, and wanted to go out to see the outside world, so he bid farewell to his hometown and embarked on a study tour.
At the age of 27, Chen Yuanyun walked to the Dengfeng Shaolin Temple in Henan Province. This crepe reader formed a fate with the Shaolin Temple, which also laid the groundwork for his later life encounters. After entering the Shaolin Temple, Chen Yuanyun managed the pottery and Chinese medicinal herbs in the temple. Pottery, Chen Yuanyun is very familiar, but he still studied pottery techniques more deeply. Chinese medicinal materials stimulated Chen Yuanyun's interest in medicine, and as soon as he had time, he read the medical texts in the temple and studied medicine.
In this way, among the many strengths of the slash youth Chen Yuanyun, he "covered" the fields of traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion. More crucially, this weak scholar also studied Shaolin boxing and the art of catching people in the Shaolin Temple. The versatile Chen Yuanyun became a man of both culture and martial arts.
2. East crossing to Japan
After "further study" in the Shaolin Temple, chen Yuanyun, who was diligent and studious, had profound achievements in medicine, pottery and martial arts. After that, Chen Yuanyun bid farewell to the Shaolin Temple and continued to wander everywhere. At the end of the Wanli Calendar, Nurhaci in the north had created the "Great Gold" and was ambitious and expanding, while the Ming Dynasty was at the end of its rope and the people's livelihood was poor. Forced by the chaos of the world, Chen Yuanyun traveled east with a merchant ship to Japan.
Unexpectedly, as soon as he arrived in Japan, Chen Yuanyun suffered from dysentery and was bedridden, and had no choice but to stay. After staying in Japan, Chen Yuanyun recuperated from his illness and made a living teaching calligraphy. Over time, he became acquainted with some Japanese sinologists, and because of his common hobbies, he often sang poems and sang together, which became famous for a while and also attracted the attention of Japanese society.
Chen Yuanyun was first hired as a staff member by the lord of Nagato Domain, compiled into the Nagato Kuniji, and then because of his medical skills, he was directly hired as a medical minister by Tokugawa Yoshinori, the lord of Owari Domain. In 1644, Chen Yuanyun, who had to stay in Japan, learned that Daming had died, and his homeland could not be looked back, and he did not want to live under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and he was determined to stay in Japan.
Chen Yuanyun, who lived in Japan, vigorously spread Chinese culture, not only leaving many works, but also introducing Chinese calligraphy, pottery making techniques and tea ceremony to the Japanese. In Japan, there are technical terms such as "Motoyun yaki" and "Chen's Tea Ceremony" that have been passed down and have influenced them to this day. But the most significant and influential one is that he combined Chinese martial arts to create a new martial art, jujutsu, or judo.
3. Pioneering Jiu-Jitsu
At the same time, Chen Yuanyun traveled all over Japan, combined and improved the Chinese Shaolin boxing method, more integrated Lao Zhuang thought and medical taoism, took softness as the most precious, paid attention to the strategic thinking of attacking people with soft kegang, and created a set of boxing techniques such as "being in the body" and "killing life". You can use fists, elbows, and toes to slam into the opponent's key points (important acupuncture points), and even fatally, because of its "soft" characteristics, called jiu-jitsu.
Later, when Chen Yuanyun came to Edo and lived in a temple, he taught his own set of boxing to the monks in the temple. At that time, there happened to be a Japanese ronin Masakatsu Fukuno, Miura Yoshitsu, and Jiro Isobe living in the temple, and when they saw that Chen Yuanyun's boxing technique was novel and unique, powerful and mysterious, he worshiped him as a teacher. These three disciples studied diligently and studied day and night, and they made great progress.
After the apprentice Fukuno Masakatsu and the other three learned, they began to receive their own disciples to teach boxing, and became their own genres - Fukuno Stream, Miura Stream, Isobe Stream, and the influence became more and more influential, so that jiu-jitsu spread throughout Japan. In particular, one of Fukuno's apprentices, Teradaira, was particularly diligent and studious, and in the process of studying, he continued to rub the characteristics of various schools of martial arts taught by Chen Yuanyun, and after research and exploration, he founded the famous "up and down" jiu-jitsu.
Therefore, the Japanese still call Chen Yuanzan the ancestor of "rising and falling" jiu-jitsu. As the Japanese scholar Tao Komatsubara said in his book "Chen Yuanyun Research": "My state did not have a boxing technique in the past, and the naturalized chen yuanyun was good at this skill, and passed it on to the people of the state, so this technique was based on Yuanyun as the originator." ”
In the chaotic era of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, although Chen Yuanyun wandered to other countries, he never forgot the motherland, never changed his integrity from beginning to end, and regarded himself as a relic of Daming, and in the inscriptions everywhere, he often called himself "Daming Wulin" ("Wulin" is another name for Hangzhou), and also used the name of his hometown Zhishan to express his strong patriotic feelings. In order to carry forward Chinese culture and vigorously disseminate it, it has made outstanding contributions to Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges and has had a major impact on Japanese culture. Therefore, Chen Yuanyun is respected by the Japanese academic community and other circles as one of the "sages" of Japan, and is respected and respected.
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