He ascended to the presidency of Haiti at the age of 19, the youngest president in human history.
His father was a notorious dictator in Haiti's history, but he was better than blue, turning Haiti into a "hell on earth."
In order to amass wealth by any means, he not only pocketed all the aid funds of the international community, but even treated people as commodities and openly sold the blood and corpses of his own citizens to the United States.
His desperate efforts to make money have made him hold 90% of the country's wealth, rank 6th in the global corruption rankings, and is a one-man thief in the international community.
Why did he become president at such a young age? What happened to him in the end?
Today, I would like to talk to you about the former president of Haiti, Jean Claude Duvalier
On July 3, 1951, Xiao Du was born in Port-au-Prince, the capital of Haiti, and not long after his birth, his father Lao Du became the president of Haiti, and he also became the largest "second generation official" in Haiti.
At first, Xiao Du was not too depressed, at best he could only be regarded as a playboy, and he studied at the St. Louis de Gonzaga College in Port-au-Prince and the Faculty of Law of the University of Haiti, and was regarded as a high-level intellectual.
But as the saying goes, a dragon gives birth to a dragon, a phoenix gives birth to a phoenix, and the son of a mouse will punch a hole. Lao Du was a notorious tyrant in Haiti's history, who committed various evil deeds, including but not limited to portraying himself as a religious leader, forming a secret police to oppress the people, and massacring the opposition. Under the influence of the ears, the original simple Xiao Du also gradually began to learn to use the power in his hands to seek private interests.
In 1971, it was a turning point in Xiao Du's life, because this year his presidential father Lao Du died of a heart attack. In other countries, it would be almost impossible for Du, who was only 19 years old at the time, to become president, but this is Haiti, a country known as the "bottom line of human civilization".
In order to allow Xiao Du to "legally" become president, Lao Du can be said to have taken pains, dragging his seriously ill body, and before his death, he let the parliament amend the constitution, lowered the age limit of the president from 40 to 18 years old, and did not forget to help Xiao Du clean up a wave of domestic opposition in advance.
In addition, the United States also gave Xiao Du strong support, during the transition between the old and the new, the United States moved warships to garrison the sea between the two countries to prevent the previous exiles from returning home to affect the presidential campaign.
In February 1971, the Haitian presidential election officially began, and there was only one candidate, Xiao Du. At this point, the election can be said to be ten out of ten, and as a result, haitians hate their father and son too much and are determined not to vote.
But this is not difficult for Xiao Du, you don't vote, you can't vote yourself?
Xiao Du immediately sent out his cronies, found several large trucks, and toured the polling points. Relying on this "I vote for myself" approach, Xiao Du became the president of Haiti with 99.8% approval, becoming the youngest president in human history. At this time, Xiao Du had just entered his freshman year, and at an age when everyone was still thinking about talking about love, he would have to sleep and forget to eat in order to think about how to plague Haiti.
However, before the disaster of Haiti, Xiao Du still has to solve two troubles, one is the conservative faction led by his mother Simone, also known as the "dinosaur faction", and the other is the modernist faction led by his sister Mary.
Generally speaking, when the young ruler ascended to the throne, there was a high probability that there would be infighting in the court, and Cixi defeated the Tongzhi Emperor and the Guangxu Emperor successively to become the famous "Empress Dowager Cixi". Therefore, after Xiao Du came to power, the biggest enemy was not the domestic opposition, but his mother and sister, and the reason why they wanted to compete for power in Xiao Du's hands, in addition to the inferiority of human beings, was actually partly for self-preservation.
Xiao Du's mother, Simona, was a staunch conservative, and most of the members were close associates of Lao Du, advocating the maintenance of the old order and the full inheritance of Lao Du's policies.
The reason for this is that on the one hand, Simona was a vested interest in the old order, and only in this way could she be guaranteed to continue to seek private interests, on the other hand, she had her current position after all by virtue of her status as the "widow of the first king", and only by constantly consolidating Lao Du's position could her position be more stable.
The modernist purpose represented by Mary is more pure, that is, to take revenge.
In the early years, Mary's husband was kicked out of the political center on suspicion of participating in the rebellion against Lao Du, and Mary was implicated and disqualified as an heir. Therefore, Mary advocated breaking the old policy and the old order, both to put Lao Du on the altar and to make her brother who took away his "throne" suffer a little.
Whether it is a conservative or a modernist, the strength is much stronger than that of Xiao Du, who has just taken office, so Xiao Du can be said to have a wolf before and a tiger after a tiger, and if he is not careful, he will lose everything.
But Xiao Du was a high-achieving student after all, and he quickly came up with a trick to drive away the wolf. He strongly supported his mother's conservatives and gradually dismantled the modernist forces in Haiti. Later, Mary's husband Dominic was sent to France as ambassador to France, further alienating Mary from the political center
In the summer of 1973, Mary and her husband returned to Haiti to visit their relatives, and as a result, as soon as they entered the presidential palace on the front foot, a fire broke out in the presidential palace on the back foot, and Xiao Du immediately stood up to accuse Mary and expelled her from Haiti.
We don't know who put this fire, but in the end, the leaderless modernists soon fell apart. And Xiao Du's opponent in front of him is only one, the conservative of his mother Simona.
Due to the withdrawal of the modernists, conservatives took advantage of the situation to occupy a large number of seats in the cabinet. But Du was a very patient man, spending a full decade reorganizing the cabinet 22 times, cleaning out the conservatives little by little, and Simone was soon expelled from Haiti.
In the end, this Haitian infighting ended with a great victory for Xiao Du, and his rule over Haiti once again refreshed the lower limit of human civilization, and the Mariana Trench on human nature belonged to yes.
At the beginning of his term of office, Xiao Du immediately announced that he would carry out economic reforms and won the assistance of the United States. Because Xiao Du has just defeated the two major forces in the country and his power is unprecedentedly strong, the political situation in the country is relatively stable, and the Haitian economy has gradually improved, and there has been a rare positive growth.
It is worth mentioning that in the 1974 World Cup qualifiers, Haiti also defeated Mexico to qualify for the World Cup.
All kinds of signs seem to indicate that Haiti seems to be getting better, but soon XiaoDu proved with practical actions that the so-called economic recovery is not a bottoming out, but a return to the light.
After taking power, Xiao Du inherited the full team left by Lao Du, the most important of which was the "secret police" unit of tens of thousands of people - Tongton Makut.
Since then, he has hunted down the opposition in the country, and if caught, he can be imprisoned or executed on the spot. For a time, Haiti's territory was full of noise, and the economy and industry that had begun to rise also fell to the bottom again due to the loss of foreign trade.
Since Haiti has not built water conservancy facilities, Haitian farmers can only increase their agricultural productivity by cutting down trees. Over time, soil erosion caused by the felling of trees has left Haiti with less and less land to cultivate, and finally it has reached a state of unsustainability.
Haitians without food were forced to eat a biscuit made of yellow clay, which is characteristic of the region.
In addition to the dictatorship, Xiao Du also has a fatherly style in accumulating wealth, not only inheriting the tradition of sending policemen to collect "protection fees", but also creating a new wealth collection business.
Originally, haitians had already run out of oil and water under the continuous exhaustion of fishing, but in Xiao Du's view, aren't people themselves commodities? So he physically "sucked blood" on Haitians, and every once in a while, he organized blood donations throughout the country and sold the blood to a medical institution in the United States.
On January 28, 1972, a New York Times report exposed the incident, saying that the medical institution had signed a 10-year contract with Haiti, and the Haitian government promised to export 5,000 to 6,000 liters of plasma to the United States every month, with a profit of $4 to 5 per liter.
The most frustrating thing is that these instruments for blood draw are never sterilized, so infectious diseases such as AIDS, syphilis, and tuberculosis can be said to be unscrupulous in Haiti, directly turning Haiti into an encyclopedia of viruses.
In 1980, the Haitian government's foreign exchange was completely gone, and the International Monetary Fund assisted Haiti with $22 million in a humanitarian spirit. As a result, after this money reached Xiao Du's hands, it directly shrank by 90%, leaving only 2 million yuan for the poor Haitian people.
It was also in this year that Xiao Du held the world's most luxurious wedding for himself that year, costing more than $7 million in total, and the fireworks alone cost $100,000.
According to the United Nations, the Haitian government spent only $3.44 on health care for everyone in 1985, and the raging disease left Haiti's average life expectancy at only 47 years. At the same time, only $3.70 is available per person for education, and the illiteracy rate is as high as 75 per cent. As a result of food insecurity, the malnutrition rate of newborns is as high as 87 per cent and the mortality rate is as high as 18 per cent.
Xiao Du's personal assets reached 900 million US dollars, holding 90% of the country's wealth in his hands.
But all dictatorships cannot escape an end, that is, they will be overthrown by the ocean of people, and Xiao Du, who exterminated humanity, will soon pay the due price for his actions.
On July 22, 1985, Xiao Du was confirmed as haiti's president for life with 99.98% of the vote, which became the last straw that overwhelmed Haitians.
Four months later, the students of Gonaïves took the lead in setting off a wave of resistance, and various Haitian resistance groups responded, and the march to overthrow Xiao Du quickly swept the country.
Xiao Du thought that this was another demonstration that came and went quickly, but he still ordered the troops to suppress it by force, and soon thousands of people fell on the road to justice. But he was wrong, he did not know that there is a sentence in Lao Tzu:
The people are not afraid of death, but they are afraid of death.
In January 1986, the revolt intensified, and the few tons of People's Tonton Markut were quickly crushed in front of hundreds of times larger than their people due to a flat boat in the ocean. Haitians hold up a sign with an empty coffin that reads: "Jean Claude Duvalier, this is where you belong!" ”
A month later, the United States saw that Xiao Dujiu could not quell the domestic riots, and feared that the Soviet Union would use this to meddle in Haiti's affairs, so it had to let Xiao Du quickly step down.
On February 7, 1986, the desperate Du was exiled to France with more than $100 million in cash in a transport plane provided by the US military, and the Duvalier dynasty that had plagued Haiti for twenty-nine years collapsed.
After escaping from Haiti, Xiao Du spent a period of time drinking and drinking with the cash he brought out, but his wife saw that Xiao Du had no hope of recovering the country, so she fled with all of Xiao Du's savings one night. In addition, Xiao Du's deposits in Swiss banks were also frozen. This once-invincible one-man thief eventually lived in poverty, and could only survive on a little help from his old subordinates.
In 2011, desperate, Du returned to Haiti for an hour-long conversation with Haitian officials. In the end, the Haitian government did not arrest him, but let him stay in Haiti like an ordinary person.
On October 4, 2014, Haiti, like his father, died of a heart attack at the age of 63.
However, the departure of Xiao Du did not make the Haitian people live a good life, in the last work we said that the history of Haiti is a tragedy, although they can overthrow a small Du, but then every leader in Haiti, in the end, has become Xiao Du.
Finally, to summarize the Haitian government with a passage from the Deputy Representative of China to the United Nations, that is:
The political factions are fighting endlessly
Politicians do nothing
Abuse of power and corruption have been repeatedly prohibited
National governance is almost a failure!
This episode is over, if you also hate Xiao Du, then "yawn" and go again
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