Text / Ningxia Tongxin County Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center : Shi Jinwen
In recent years, Angus beef cattle breeding has not only improved the living standards of residents in the northwest, but also promoted the rapid development of the local economy to some extent. In this realistic background, how to effectively do a good job in the breeding and management of Angus beef cattle breeding is particularly important. In order to cultivate and develop Angus beef cattle, focus on breeding technology and breeding technology as the starting point, strengthen training, widely publicize, establish an Angus beef cattle industrial belt, improve the economic benefits of breeding, and ensure that industrial poverty alleviation does not return.
1. Overview of Angus beef cattle, Angus beef cattle originated in the United Kingdom of small beef cattle breeds, the most significant feature is the black back hair and hornless, with extremely good meat performance, early ripening and meat, the quality of the carcass is also very good, with strong adaptability, cold resistance, disease resistance is ideal. It is precisely because of this that many countries around the world are breeding this breed of beef cattle.
2． Angus beef cattle breeding management technology: Due to the high cost of introduction of purebred Angus beef cattle and the relatively high technical requirements, it is often used to improve the local beef cattle breed by hybridization to obtain a more ideal beef cattle breed.
The First Angus beef cattle were local breeds of meat.
It is characterized by strong consistency in body shape, high production performance and relatively stable genetic performance. In order to achieve the effective improvement of its production performance, in order to promote its body shape and appearance to be more consistent, purebred breeding has become a good choice, the main purpose is to achieve the consolidation and improvement of some excellent performance. Such as China's excellent local breeds of Qinchuan cattle, Nanyang cattle and so on. It is through purebred breeding to gradually correct some shortcomings in the appearance structure and improve its production performance.
The Second Angus beef cattle are excellent breeds of beef cattle.
This type of breed has been cultivated by people to become a specialized beef cattle breed, with ideal meat production performance and relatively stable heritability. In order to further increase the overall number of groups and ensure the continuous improvement of the characteristics and quality of varieties, it is recommended to carry out breeding work, which should be planned and targeted. Such as foreign beef cattle breeds Such as Charlotte cattle, Limousan cattle, Piedmontese cattle, Simmental cattle, Highford cattle and other fine breeds. These excellent varieties are best to use the method of pure breeding, mainly to achieve the needs of pure breeding retention, group expansion, for promotion and cross breeding, the production line is mainly to use the hybrid advantages of these excellent varieties, improve production efficiency, increase economic income.
The third Angus beef cattle are local breeds of meat.
The economic value of this type of breed is general, and even can not fully meet people's needs for beef cattle, but because they are particularly prominent in one or more aspects of adaptability, disease resistance, tolerance to rough feeding, production performance, etc., it is necessary to retain the necessary amount in a certain area as a gene pool for hybrid breeding. This method is also to preserve seeds and breed to improve production efficiency and achieve the purpose of increasing income.
The fourth Angus beef cattle are hybrids of meat. After this type of cross-fertilization enters the stage of transverse fixation, it is necessary to purposefully select and select species to fix its excellent traits, so that the quality of the whole group is further improved and tends to be neat. Breeding work at this stage, although it is not selected within a variety, but it is similar to the method of breeding within the variety, this breeding method is also called self-group breeding, breeding successfully serves the production line, the use of artificial improvement methods, large-scale demonstration and promotion, improve the efficiency of breeding.
3. Purebred breeding group rhyme mating method: kinship breeding (inbreeding) and strain breeding.
The first is kinship breeding, which refers to the mating combination between related male and heifers. Inbreeding is also called inbreeding. The parameters that reflect the degree of inbreeding are the inbreeding coefficient and the affinity coefficient. The inbreeding coefficient is a measure of a decrease in the proportion of heterozygous genes. Kinship breeding can not only purify some excellent genes, but also expose some recessive unfavorable genes, manifest as bad traits and become bad individuals, smaller physique, weaker physique, reduced production performance, deformed development, etc.
In order to effectively prevent the decline caused by inbreeding, it should be noted that one is that inbreeding is only used 1 or 2 times, and then mated with middle or distant relatives to maintain its excellent traits; the second is strict selection to prevent bull mating with common shortcomings; and the third is to eliminate those mutant and recombined poor individuals of homozygous inferior genotypes.
The second is the breeding of strains, which can be said to be an advanced stage of breeding work, which is a breeding method commonly used in pure breeding. It is characterized by differences in the type of purposefully bred cattle in order to allow the beneficial traits of the herd to continue to be maintained and expanded into the offspring. Individuals or taxa that will perform prominently in a certain aspect can maintain the excellent traits of the variety in this regard by means of homogeneous selection. Using this method, several strains are established within a breed, each of which has its own characteristics, and later through the combination (hybridization) between the crystalline lines, the entire herd can be improved in many aspects.
The third is breed improvement, the use of artificial insemination method, large-scale demonstration and promotion, to the village as a unit, the establishment of improvement points, in accordance with the unified deployment of the autonomous region's animal husbandry station, the county animal husbandry technology extension center organized the implementation, the establishment of an Angus beef cattle industrial belt, improve the efficiency of breeding.
4. Angus beef cattle breeding and management: There are many similarities with traditional beef cattle breeds in terms of breeding and management. After extensive investigation and research, it is believed that the key points of Angus beef cattle breeding management are:
First, the selected feed should be the feed produced by manufacturers with production qualifications, which meets the growth needs of Angus beef cattle and can meet the actual needs of beef cattle daily growth and development. In addition, the combination of diets should be reasonable, and reasonable feeding is particularly critical according to the different needs of nutrition at different stages of growth and development.
The second is to minimize the occurrence of various stress reactions, such as trying to avoid suddenly changing the type of feed, changing the feeding time, feeding dose, etc., and reducing the various adverse effects that may result from this.
The third is to do a good job in disinfection, and the disinfection work should be regular and comprehensive. Disinfection must be thorough to provide a good environment for the normal growth and development of beef cattle.
The fourth is to pay attention to the supplementation of trace elements and minerals, ensure the normal growth and development of beef cattle, and lay a solid and powerful foundation for achieving the expected good economic benefits.