This article is transferred from the WeChat public account "Chutian Metropolis Daily"
Some people say that the nervousness when opening the physical examination report is comparable to checking the college entrance examination results, and after plucking up the courage to open the office, it immediately "wailed", "thyroid nodules", "liver cysts", "cervical erosions"... Sounds scary, can these diseases become cancerous?
A woman in Wuhan accidentally found "cervical erosion" in a physical examination a few years ago, and she was frightened and blindly performed surgery, which buried a lot of hidden dangers...
The woman had three consecutive miscarriages after marriage
Ms. Wang, 29, lives in DongxiHu. After more than two years of marriage, Ms. Wang and Her Husband have always wanted a child, but both pregnancies have miscarried without warning. Because of her young age and good health, she did not pay special attention. In January this year, Ms. Wang became pregnant again, and the family took good care of her, but a month ago, Ms. Wang, who had resigned to raise a fetus at home, had another sign of miscarriage, and her family sent her to the hospital for treatment, but still failed to keep the fetus.
Examination reveals cervical insufficiency
Last week, Ms. Wang came to wuhan Fourth Hospital for treatment, hoping to find out the cause of the miscarriage. After a detailed examination, the obstetrician-gynecologist of the hospital found that Ms. Wang's cervical dysfunction was incomplete, which led to repeated miscarriages. "It's like a bag upside down, and without tightening the mouth of the bag, you can't hold it when you have too many things." Huang Lihong, director of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Wuhan Fourth Hospital, explained that Ms. Wang's cervix cannot be completely closed, and as the fetus grows, the cervix cannot "pocket" the fetus, and there will naturally be miscarriage.
I had an operation at a specialist hospital 5 years ago
After detailed questioning, Ms. Wang told the doctor that 5 years ago, she was told that she had cervical erosions during a physical examination, which made Ms. Wang, who usually pays attention to hygiene, both uneasy and embarrassed, and did not understand much, so she hurriedly performed cervical cone surgery in a specialized hospital.
Huang Lihong believes that it is this unnecessary operation that removed part of Ms. Wang's cervix, making the cervix shorter, causing cervical dysfunction, which led to today's frequent miscarriages.
Why is this surgery unnecessary? Cervical erosion is just a scary name.
The word "erosion" is very powerful, and the first time I heard the word "cervical erosion", I had already made up the terrible picture of "the cervix began to slowly fester and stink, and then spread to the entire uterus". In fact, this is just a big mistake in the history of medical terminology.
Internationally, the name "cervical erosion" has been canceled, and China's gynecological textbooks have also canceled this title and changed it to "cervical columnar epithelial ectopic". Tan Xianjie, chief physician of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, introduced that cervical erosion is a normal physiological change phenomenon in women, and cannot be called a disease, most women with cervical erosion are only affected by hormone levels and have epithelial ectopia, and the so-called "erosion" situation will be improved after the hormone level is stabilized.
According to Huang Lihong, director of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Wuhan Fourth Hospital, "Many women panic as soon as they hear about 'erosion', in fact, they have to divide the situation." Huang Lihong reminded that if "cervical erosion-like changes" are found in the physical examination, it is first necessary to check in a regular hospital to determine whether it is a physiological or pathological change. Physiological changes do not require any treatment, especially if cervical cone surgery cannot be performed blindly. If accompanied by symptoms such as increased vaginal discharge, purulent yellow color, and vaginal bleeding after intercourse, it is necessary to go to a regular hospital for gynecological examination, and if necessary, cervical TCT cancer prevention screening and HPV detection are required, and treatment is carried out under the guidance of professional doctors.
Xiaobian helped you ask the doctor, in fact, many diseases do not need treatment at all, but the name sounds terrible.
1. 95% of thyroid nodules are benign
Thyroid nodules are regular visitors to physical reports. Many people are very nervous as soon as they find out that there is a "thyroid nodule" in the physical examination, thinking that they should be treated immediately, and they are very worried about becoming "thyroid cancer"!
In fact, "thyroid nodules" under 1 cm do not need to worry at all, nor do they need to be further examined. 95% of thyroid nodules are benign and do not become "thyroid cancer".
According to Li Zhihui, director of the Department of Thyroid Surgery at West China Hospital of Sichuan University, even if it is thyroid cancer, most of them are very "gentle", growing very slowly, can lurk in the human body for several years or ten years, and are relatively stable and obedient. Even some patients in the low-risk group can be observed for a long time without surgery.
2. Uterine fibroids below 5cm are generally safe
According to statistics, about 20% of women over the age of 30 have uterine fibroids, that is, one in every five women has been recruited. The term "fibroids" is so easily reminiscent of cancer! In fact, this "tumor" is not another "tumor", and most of the tumors of uterine fibroids are benign.
According to Wang Wei, chief physician of the Gynecology Department of Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, if you are near menopause, the fibroids are small, there are no symptoms, you are pregnant, and the fibroids have not developed red degeneration, you can observe and wait, and you can repeat the examination every 3 to 6 months.
However, when a patient with uterine fibroids is preparing to become pregnant, if the fibroids are ≥ 4 cm in diameter, it is best to surgically remove them in time.
3. Liver calcification foci generally do not require treatment
Intrahepatic calcification foci have a high detection rate in patients with liver disease, which may be related to congenital development, calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders and other factors, or it may be tissue fibrosis during the healing process of liver trauma, scarring, calcium salt deposition formation.
According to Dr. Liu Chang, a liver surgeon at West China Hospital of Sichuan University, liver calcification foci do not subside on their own, nor do they rarely continue to develop, generally have no symptoms, and will not cause obvious adverse effects on the body, so there is no need for treatment.
However, some calcification foci are close to the intrahepatic bile ducts, and ultrasonography is easily confused with intrahepatic bile duct stones, which requires further CT or MRCP identification.
4. Bone spurs are the self-protection of the human body
Most people often associate it with "bone fracture" and worry about whether it is a small "bone spur" caused by "bone fracture"? In fact, everyone was completely deceived by the name of "Bone Spur".
Bone spurs are bone hyperplasia, a self-protective response of the human body. Bone spurs grow in various places, such as the cervical spine/lumbar spine/knee joint.
If it is only the bone spur found by the physical examination, there are no discomfort symptoms in life, no pain or discomfort, there is no need to be nervous.
According to Zhang Wencai, chief physician of the Third Department of Orthopedic Injury of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, bone spurs, that is, bone hyperplasia, are a self-protection response of the human body, and are not the main cause of pain, and most bone spurs do not need treatment, if you want to treat them, you can only treat the primary disease that causes bone spurs - osteoarthritis, such as weight loss, choosing the right exercise method, and drug pain relief.
5. Breast hyperplasia, normal physiological phenomenon
After a physical examination, 8 out of 10 women had the problem of "breast hyperplasia". "Will breast hyperplasia turn into breast cancer?" " What medicine can cure hyperplasia " ? The answer to these questions is often: no treatment.
According to Dr. Chen Jie, Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, breast hyperplasia does not increase the incidence of breast cancer and does not lead to breast cancer.
Breast hyperplasia is common in women in their 20s who have not given birth and in women around menopause. During these two periods, women will have pain in their breasts due to changes in hormones in the body, sometimes they will touch some lumps, and sometimes their breasts will become larger, which are actually normal physiological processes.
As long as you maintain a good attitude every day, eat less foods with higher hormones, and adhere to the right amount of exercise, you can effectively alleviate breast hyperplasia.
6. Pelvic effusion below 3 cm does not need to be treated
"Pelvic effusion" sounds very scary, in fact, the human body's pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity is not all solid tissue, peritoneum, large omentum, intestinal tubes, etc. will secrete some fluids, these fluids usually play a role in lubricating and protecting pelvic abdominal organs and tissues.
Zhang Yi, director of the Department of Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, said that almost every woman will have different degrees of pelvic effusion, and the average woman is under 3 centimeters. Less than 3 cm can be considered a normal range, and if there are no other uncomfortable symptoms, it does not require treatment.
If it is ovulation, menstruation, or just after menstruation, the effusion may increase slightly, but if there is no other abnormality, even if it is slightly more than 3 cm, there is no need to make a fuss.
7. Simple hepatic cysts less than 5 cm do not need to be treated
Many people have examined the "liver cyst" and think that they are as desperate as liver cancer, but in fact, they do not have to.
Liver cysts are mostly congenital, i.e. "in the womb", and grow very, very slowly, and most people have no obvious symptoms. If it is not accidentally discovered during a physical examination, some people will not even find it for a lifetime.
According to Dr. Peng Wei, a surgeon in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery at West China Hospital of Sichuan University, most of them do not have to worry about liver cysts on physical examination. The vast majority of liver cysts do not require medication or surgery and require regular follow-up observation.
Only a small proportion of people require surgery, including: cysts >8.0 cm in diameter and clinical symptoms; cysts with bleeding and infection; cysts that cannot be distinguished from hepatobiliary adenomas; and polycystic liver disease that causes portal hypertension and functional impairment.
8. Cardiac early Bo has no symptoms without treatment
When the heart is beating normally, if there is some beating in advance, it is like playing a dance music with a chaotic rhythm, which is called "premature heartbeat".
Many people think that the detection of "premature heart beats" is often associated with heart disease, in fact, early heart beats themselves are not diseases, mostly accompanied by other problems of the heart.
According to Liu Jianxiong, chief physician of the Department of Cardiology of the Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, early beats are generally benign, and most of the early beats do not cause heart disease, and occasionally there is panic or the heart "clucks", do not be too nervous.
However, if you often have similar discomfort, it is better to go to the cardiology department of the hospital as soon as possible to consult a doctor.
What other indicators were you also intimidated by on your medical report?