Scenery of the Erhai Sea Zhang Cheng Zhao Jiaqi photo
Cangshan does not ink qianqiu painting, Erhai stringless wanguqin. Looking down from the air, the Erhai Sea is like a crescent moon, and the lake is crystal clear and is the "mother lake" of the Bai people. Its beautiful scenery has always made Chinese and foreign tourists yearn for it.
In fact, as early as the Han Dynasty, erhai has been recorded in the annals of history. The Ming Dynasty poet Feng Shike even said in the "Outline of Western Yunnan" that the wonder of the Erhai Sea lies in "the sun, moon and stars, which are larger and brighter than other places." If you are boating in the Erhai Sea on the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, the moon is exceptionally bright and extraordinarily round, and its scenery is intoxicating.
In March this year, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment launched the 2021 Collection of Excellent Cases of Beautiful Rivers, Lakes and Beautiful Bays. Among them, after selection, Erhai was successfully selected as an excellent case of "Beautiful River and Lake". Why can Erhai be selected as an excellent case of "beautiful rivers and lakes"?
In the governance of the Erhai Sea, the reporter noted that the local government adheres to the scientific management of the lake, prepares a special plan for protection and governance, sets up an expert consulting team, and builds a digital Erhai supervision and service platform to achieve deep integration of monitoring data, expert opinions and administrative decisions, and the governance results are remarkable.
Among them, there is no shortage of powerful practices that can be seen in the scientific management of the lake.
"We must protect the Erhai Sea!"
Erhai is the second largest plateau lake in Yunnan. All along, Erhai has seven main functions: water supply, agricultural irrigation, power generation, climate regulation, fishery, shipping and tourism.
In the 1980s, the water quality of the Erhai Sea was better. However, with the economic development of the Erhai River Basin, the aggregation of population and the changes in production and lifestyle, the impact on the environment of the Erhai Sea is increasing, and the Erhai Sea has undergone an evolution process from a nutrient-poor lake to a medium-nutrient lake to a nutrient-rich lake, and the protection and governance of the Erhai Sea is also accompanied by this.
In 1996, the Erhai Sea had its first full-lake burst of cyanobacteria, and the water quality dropped sharply; in 2003, the Erhai Sea broke out cyanobacteria again. In the face of the severe situation, the local government conscientiously summed up and learned the lessons of the two large-scale outbreaks of cyanobacteria in the Erhai Sea, established the concept of "Erhai Qing, Dalixing", and regarded the protection and governance of the Erhai Sea as the premise and foundation for the construction of the central city in western Yunnan.
At the same time, we will fully launch the implementation of the "six major projects" of urban environmental improvement and infrastructure construction, comprehensive improvement of the water environment of major rivers entering lakes and rivers, agricultural and rural non-point source pollution control, ecological restoration construction, watershed water and soil conservation, environmental management and capacity building, implement the "Hundred Villages Environmental Sanitation Comprehensive Improvement Project" and the construction of Eryuan Ecological Civilization Pilot County, and actively carry out the "three clean" environmental sanitation rectification of clean homes, clean water sources and clean countryside.
The beauty of Dali is in the Erhai Sea; the beauty of the Erhai Sea, the beauty is in the clarity. On the shore of the turquoise Erhai Sea, there is a large bluestone engraved with large red characters that are particularly eye-catching: "We must protect the Erhai Sea."
On January 20, 2015, General Secretary Xi Jinping visited Dali in Yunnan and "set up this photo" on the Erhai Sea. On that day, General Secretary Xi Jinping earnestly urged the cadres and masses to protect the Erhai Sea well, so that the natural beauty of "Cangshan Mountain Without Ink and Thousand Autumn Paintings, Erhai Stringless Wanguqin" will always reside in the world.
In January 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected Yunnan again, fully affirmed the effectiveness of the protection and governance of the Erhai Sea, and made a sincere teaching that "I hope you will guard the Erhai Sea".
Through unremitting efforts in recent years, the downward trend of Erhai sea water quality has been effectively curbed, and the protection and governance work has achieved phased results. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the water quality of the whole lake in Erhai reached Class II for 32 months, and no large-scale cyanobacterial blooms occurred, and the water quality targets set in the "13th Five-Year Plan" were successfully completed. In 2020, the comprehensive evaluation of the water quality of the Erhai state-controlled section was "excellent".
Wisdom supervision, scientific governance of the lake has a basis
In the governance of the Erhai Sea, the concept of scientific lake governance has been deeply practiced. In order to comprehensively supervise the water quality of the Erhai Sea, Dalizhou invited more than 10 domestic first-class scientific research units such as the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University to form a scientific research team and expert consultation system for the protection and governance of the Erhai Sea, providing scientific evaluation system and technical support for the governance and protection of the Erhai Sea, and developing and constructing the Dali Erhai Sea monitoring and early warning system.
The Erhai monitoring and early warning platform has built an integrated intelligent monitoring network covering the entire basin of the Erhai Sea, and initially realized the functional positioning of data sharing, analysis and early warning and decision-making supervision of the system. At the same time, Dalizhou has also built 155 new 24-hour automated monitoring stations, including sewage treatment plants and Erhai Lake Bay, etc., and every 4 hours the monitoring stations will automatically sample and analyze and upload relevant data.
Erhai Monitoring and Early Warning System Yunnan News Broadcast Courtesy of The map
Through the Erhai monitoring and early warning platform, the water quality, water level, meteorology, rainfall and other information of the Erhai Sea can be monitored in real time, and the whole process of sewage and garbage treatment can be supervised online, providing a basis for scientific governance.
Nowadays, walking in the erhai ecological corridor is like being in a beautiful picture. After years of difficult governance, transformation and development, the determination of the people here to protect the green waters and mountains is more determined.
Nine lakes clear, then Yunnan Xing
Over the years, Yunnan has always adhered to the concept of "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains", always regarded the governance of the Nine Lakes as the top priority, insisted on jointly grasping great protection, not engaging in large-scale development, and strictly abided by the red line of ecological protection, the bottom line of environmental quality, the upper line of resource utilization and the negative list of environmental access.
After a long period of governance exploration, the governance of lakes in Yunnan is undergoing a profound revolutionary change from people entering the lake to retreating into the lake. According to practice, the governance of plateau lakes in Yunnan today has completely abandoned the original development model of "building a city around the lake and laying out around the lake". From the "rule of one lake" to the "rule of the river basin", from the simple control of pollution to the restoration and construction of the entire ecosystem.
Fuxian Lake "Fishing Season" Ding Lijie photo
During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the water quality targets of the nine plateau lakes in Yunnan were fully completed. The inferior class V water bodies in the Nine Lakes have been reduced from 4 in 2015 to 1, and the water quality of Fuxian Lake and Lugu Lake has maintained Class I water quality; the water quality of Erhai, Yangzonghai and Dianchi Cao has been Class III., the water quality of the sea outside Dianchi Lake has been upgraded to Class IV., and the water quality of Cheng Lake has been stable and maintained class IV( except pH value and fluoride), achieving the goal of stable and good water quality protection; the water quality of Xingyun Lake, Yilong Lake and Qilu Lake is Class V., and the eutrophication level of the lake has improved.
Dianchi Lake, Fuxian Lake, Erhai and the surrounding areas have become more and more beautiful, and have also spawned a lot of ecological products full of ecological, cultural and economic values, bringing "Golden Mountains and Silver Mountains" to the residents around the waters.
Look, this is Yunnan!
Open the map of Yunnan, you will see that on the land of Yunling, Dianchi Lake, Erhai, Fuxian Lake, Chenghai, Lugu Lake, Qilu Lake, Yilong Lake, Xingyun Lake, Yangzonghai 9 plateau lakes, like embedded in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, shining pearls, dotted with stars.
Fuxian Lake Photo by Yang Zheng
Dianchi Lake Fishing Festival Propaganda Department of Jinning District CPC Committee Courtesy of
The biodiversity here ranks first in the country, and it is the "animal kingdom", "plant kingdom" and "world garden". In this magical land, the six major water systems of Jinsha River, Lancang River, Nu River, Pearl River, Red River and Irrawaddy River run through the province; the distance between north and south is only 900 kilometers, and there are cold, warm and hot (including subtropical) three-belt climates, showing a three-dimensional climate type of "one mountain divided into four seasons, ten miles and different days".
All this confirms that Yunnan is a veritable "animal and plant kingdom", reflecting Yunnan's good natural ecological environment and rich biodiversity.
At present, Yunnan Province will seize the major opportunity of COP15 held in Kunming, take the project implementation as the support, actively explore, and jointly promote the mainstream of biodiversity conservation through multi-party cooperation between government departments, international organizations, scientific research departments, enterprises, and communities.
Looking forward to the future, Yunnan is full of confidence!
Curator: Lee Sing-yu
Reporter: Xia Fanghai
Editor: Qian Yang
Poster Design: Li Xue