The State of Jin, a vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty, was a marquis with the surname Of Jin, and the first monarch was "Tang Shuyu". The name of the country was originally "Tang", and after Tang Shuyu's son Xie took the throne, it was changed to Jin. At the height of the Jin Dynasty, the territory spanned Jin, Henan, Hebei and Shaanxi, and its territory was vast. The State of Jin was the country that dominated the spring and autumn period for the longest time, and many famous kings, famous courtiers, and famous generals emerged, and when the scholar Quan Zuwang commented on the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin even occupied four seats, namely the Duke of Jin Wen, the Duke of JinXiang, the Duke of Jinjing, and the Duke of Jin. The Jin state rose during the Jin Dynasty, expanded its territory, and gradually became stronger. The Jin Dynasty was hegemonic, and its descendants crossed the Central Plains and the Princes of Jiuhe, achieving a century-old hegemony. After the Duke of Jinping, the Jin state formed a powerful Fan, Zhongxing, Zhi, Han, Zhao, and Wei Liuqing, and the struggle between the six secretaries was fierce. During the Jin Dynasty, the Fan and Zhonghang families were the first to perish. In 453 BC, the Three Families of Han, Zhao, and Wei jointly destroyed the Zhi clan and divided the land into three parts, and the Jin State had actually been divided among the three families. In 403 BC, King Weilie of Zhou enfeoffed the three families of Han, Zhao, and Wei as princes, and the history called "three families divided into Jin". In 349 BC, the last Marquis of Jin, Duke Jing of Jin, was killed and the Jin state collapsed. #国学 #
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > mourns the princes of the first union:</h1>
The princes of Shihe saved the Song dynasty in vain, making Zhang Laoyanjun famous in the four directions and looking at the rebels. Lü Xuanzi (劉宣子卒), the Duke of Zhao Wenzi (赵文子) as Wen Ye (文也), was able to sympathize with great things and make Zuo Xinjun . For three years, the princes were united. In four years, the princes will be in the chicken hill, so they will be ordered, reinforced, repaired, and returned. Ling Huwen Zi (狐文子卒), gong (魏绛) as a prisoner, made Zuo Xinjun (佐新軍). Make Elder Zhang Sima and Fan Xianzi a waiting for the throne. Public reputation reached Yu Rong. Five years later, Zhu Rong came to ask for obedience, and Wei Zhuangzi was allied, so he began to regain hegemony. For four years, the princes of Hui were in Jiqiu, Wei Dai was the Sima of the Chinese Army, Gongzi Yang was chaotic in Quliang, and Wei Dai beheaded his servants. The duke said, "The widow belongs to the princes, and Wei Dai kills the widow's brother, so don't lose it for me." Akatsuki: "The subject wen zhizhi, who does not seek refuge in things, who does not avoid punishment when he is guilty, will resign in the future." At the end of the speech, Wei Daizhi gave the servant a book and laid down the sword. Shi Que and Zhang Lao stopped talking. The servant conferred on the public, and the public read the book: "The subject is cursed by Yanggan, and does not forget his death." The Japanese emperor lacked envoys, and the envoys were sima of the Chinese army. The subjects and the masters regard obedience as martial arts, and the military has no offense as respect, and the princes of the king, the subjects dare to disrespect, the king does not say, please die. The prince stepped out and said, "The words of the widow, the courtesy of the brothers." The curse of the Son, the affairs of the army, please do not have the fault of the widow. "Counter-service, with which to eat, order the new army."
[Translation] The first meeting of the princes of the Jin Dynasty was in the void, with the purpose of rescuing the Song state. He sent Elder Zhang to various princely states to publicize the reputation of the monarch, and to observe which princes were virtuous and which princes were rebellious. After Lü Xuanzi's death, Mourning believed that Zhao Wenzi had wende and could care about the affairs of the military state, so he sent him to assist the new army. After three years of mourning, the mourning prince began to meet the princes of various countries. After four years of mourning, the princes met the alliance at Jiqiu, so they issued orders to conclude an aid treaty, strengthen friendship, reaffirm the covenant, and then return home. After the death of Fox Wenzi, Mourning believed that Wei Dai's army was disciplined and orderly, and sent him to assist the new army. Zhang Lao was appointed Sima and Fan Xianzi was appointed as Hou Xiang. The reputation of the Mourning Duke spread to the Rong tribe. In the fifth year of the Duke of Mourning, various Rong tribes came to ask for submission, and the Duke of Mourning sent Wei Zhuangzi to ally with them, so the Jin state began to regain hegemony over the princes. In the fourth year of mourning, at the time of the Jiqiu Alliance, Wei Dai was serving as the Sima of the Chinese army, and gongzi Yanggan disrupted the ranks of the army at Quliang, and Wei Dai killed his coachman. Duke Mo said to Yang Zhichi, "The widows will meet the princes, but Wei Dai has humiliated the widow's brother, arrest me, and don't let him run away." "I have heard about Wei Chen's ambition that he will not avoid danger when he encounters a crime, and that he will not avoid punishment when he has committed a crime, so I am afraid that he will explain the situation himself." As soon as he finished speaking, Wei Dai arrived, and he handed the letter to the servant and prepared to draw his sword and kill himself. Shi Qu and Zhang Laoyi dissuaded him together. The servant handed the letter to the mourner, who read his letter and said, "I punish Yanggan, knowing that I have committed a capital crime." A few days ago, the monarch lacked envoys, so he made me the sima of the Chinese army. I have heard that the army can show its strength only if it obeys orders, and it is better to die than to violate military law. How dare I disrespect my duties when the monarchs meet the princes? The monarch is not happy about this, and I would like to ask for death. Mourning Gong quickly ran out barefoot and said, "What the widow said was out of the gift of brotherhood." Your punishment of Yanggan is in accordance with military law, and please do not aggravate the faults of the widows. After returning from the League, Duke Mo hosted a banquet at the Taimiao Temple and appointed him as the deputy commander of the new army.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Qi Xi recommends meridian to replace himself:</h1>
Qi Xi resigned from the lieutenant and asked, "What is it?" "The son of the subject is meridian." There is a saying: 'Choose the subject Mo Ruojun, choose the son Mo Ruo father.' 'At noon, there are few people, gentle obedience, travel to the countryside, have everywhere, eager to learn and not play. He is strong, strong in his ambition and uses his life, and keeps his profession and does not commit adultery. Its crown is also, peaceful and respectful, gentle and small things, and calm and big things, straight and flowing, non-righteous unchanged, non-upward. If something big happens, it can be wise to its subjects. The subject please recommend what you can choose and the king is more righteous than the righteous. "Minister Qi Wu was a lieutenant, the Duke of Pingping, and the military was without a ruler.
Qi Xi asked to resign as a military lieutenant, and the Duke of Jin asked him, "Who can take your place?" Qi Xi replied, "My son Qi Wu can." People say, 'Choose your subjects as your monarch, and choose your sons as your parents.' When Qi Wu was a child, she was obedient and obedient, went out to play games to tell her parents where to go in advance, had something to stay and told the place, liked to learn, and did not like to joke. When he grew up, he had a strong sense of knowledge, obeyed the orders of his parents, and was able to stick to his studies without messing around. After the crown ceremony was held at the age of twenty, he was kind and serene, respectful and courteous, showed a benevolent attitude toward small things, calmed down in the face of major events, had a simple and upright personality without indulging himself, did not do things that did not conform to righteousness, and did not act without orders from the elders. If I ask him to deal with the major affairs of the country, I can do better than I do. Please allow the courtier to recommend his son, and it is up to the king to decide whether it is appropriate or not. Therefore, Gong Mo appointed Qi Wu as a lieutenant. Until the death of Jin Pinggong, there were no wrong decrees in the army.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Wei Dai's mourning of Zhu Rong:</h1>
For five years, Father Jia of wuxian made Meng Le because of Wei Zhuangzi's tiger and leopard skin and Zhu Rong. Gong Yue: "Rong and Di are good without relatives, but they are not as good as they are." Wei Dai said, "If you lose your talents to the masters and lose zhuhua, although you have merit, you will get the beast and lose the people, so why should you use them safely?" And Fu Rong, Di Zhan place, expensive goods and easy soil. The goods given to them and the soil are also profitable; the frontier cultivators are not appreciated, and their benefits are also two; Rong and Di Shijin, the neighbors are not shaken, and their benefits are three. Junqi Tuzhi! "Gong said, so wei dai caressed Zhu Rong, so he hu Shu bo."
[Translation] Five years after the Mourning Of the Jin Dynasty, the Emperor Jiafu of the Ultimate Kingdom sent Meng Le to sacrifice tiger and leopard skins through Wei Chen's relationship, and asked the Jin State to reconcile with the various tribes of the Rong tribe. The Mourners said, "If the Rong and Di people are not related to us and are greedy for goods, it is better to crusade against them." Wei Dai said, "What is the use of using troops against the Rong people and losing the countries of the Central Plains, even if it is successful, just like gaining beasts and losing people, what is the use?" Moreover, the Rong and Di people live in groups, valuing goods and despising land. It is the first benefit to give them goods and obtain their land; it is the second advantage for the peasants who cultivate along the border to no longer be wary of worry; the Rong and Di people serve the Jin dynasty, and the neighboring countries of the four sides have nothing not to fear, which is the third benefit. Ask the king to think carefully. Duke Mo was very happy to hear this, so he sent Wei Dai to appease the various tribes of the Rong clan, so he dominated the world.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Mourning Minister Han Muzi palm Gong Dafu:</h1>
Han Xianzi was old, and muzi of the Gong clan was subjected to the dynasty. Words: "In the rebellion of li gong, there is no taboo to prepare the public clan, and it is impossible to die." The courtiers said: 'Those who have no merit do not dare to occupy a high position. 'Now there is no scruples, wisdom cannot be Kuang Jun, so that as far as it is difficult, Ren cannot be saved, Yong cannot die, dare to insult the King' Dynasty to Qiao Hanzong, please retreat. "I don't stand still. Mourning the public heard, it is said: "Although it is difficult not to be able to die, it cannot be allowed, and it must not be rewarded." "Make the Grand Master of the Gong Clan."
[Translation] Han Xianzi resigned at an old age, and the Duke of Jin mourned the Duke Muzi to succeed him to the throne and take charge of political affairs in the middle of the dynasty. Mu Zi retorted, "When Li Gong was killed, as a Gong clan doctor, I could not be martyred with my body. I heard, 'Those who have no merit dare not occupy a high position.' Now that I cannot correct the monarch with wisdom and cause him calamity, and benevolence and righteousness cannot save the king, and courage cannot martyr the country with one's body, how dare I insult the monarchy and insult the Han clan again? Allow me to resign. "Repeatedly resigned but refused to take office. When the Mourning Father heard about it, he said, "Although you cannot be martyred for the king, you can be humble and you cannot fail to reward." "Let him be in charge of the Gong Clan Doctor."
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > mourning minister Wei Daizuo's new army:</h1>
The mourning minister Zhang Laowei was a secretary of state, and resigned: "The subject is not as good as Wei Chen." Fu Dai's wisdom governs the great officials, his benevolence can benefit the office and not forget, his courage is not guilty of punishment, and his learning does not abolish the office of the ancestors. If you are in the throne, the outside and the inside will be peaceful. And the meeting of the chicken hill, its officials do not commit crimes and resign, must not fail to reward. "The five lives of the gong, the stubborn words, are the messengers of Sima Sima ." Make Wei Daizo a new army.
The Duke of Jin appointed Zhang Lao as Qing, and Zhang Lao xie said, "I am not as good as Wei Chen." Wei Chen's wisdom can be qualified for such a high official as Qing, his benevolence can not forget to benefit the country, his bravery and decisiveness are worthy of law enforcement, and he loves to learn and not abandon the ministry of his ancestors. If he holds the position of secretary of state, he will be safe both inside and outside. Moreover, at the meeting of the Chicken Hill, he was able to enforce the law strictly by the officials, but his words were very submissive, so he had to be rewarded. The Duke of Mourning appointed Zhang Lao as a secretary five times, but he resolutely resigned, so he made him sima of the Chinese army. Wei Dai was appointed deputy commander of the New Army.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > mourning gong to give Wei Dainu music song bell:</h1>
In the twelfth year, zheng was cut down, and the army was in Xiaoyu. Zheng Bojia came to take 30 women, workers, and concubines, female music 28, song bell 2, and Bao Zhong, and 15 cars. Gong Xi Wei Lady Le 18 and Song Zhong Yi Huang said: "The Son teaches the widow and Zhu Rong, Di Erzheng Zhuhua, in this eight years, the seven princes, the widows have no ambitions, please enjoy with the son." Wei Dai resigned, "Fu He Rong, Di, Jun Zhi Xingye." In eight years, the seven princes and the spirit of the king also. The labor of the second and third sons, the subjects? Gong Yue: "Micro son, the widow has no way to wait, there is no way to help the river, the second and third sons are He Laoyan!" The Son receives it. Gentleman: "Noh Chi Zenya." ”
[Translation] In the twelfth year of the Jin Dynasty, the Duke of Mourning rebelled against Zheng Guo, and the army was stationed in Xiaoyu. Zheng Jian Gongjia sent thirty beauties, musicians, and concubines, sixteen female musicians, two song bells, and fifteen precious cadmiums and reeds. The Duke of Mourning gave Wei Dai's eight female musicians a song bell and said, "You taught the widows to make peace with the Rong and Di tribes, and rectified the countries of the Central Plains, and within eight years now, seven times have met with the princes, and the widows have not been unhappy, please share these gifts with you." Wei Dai said, "It is the king's good fortune to make peace with the Rong and Di tribes." In the middle of eight years, seven meetings with the princes, this is due to the merits of the king's Welling, and the merits of the other masters, how can I get these gifts? Duke Mo said, "Without you, the widows would not be able to carry Rou Rong and Di, nor would they be able to cross the Yellow River to conquer Zheng Guo, and what merit would the other doctors have?" You still accept it. The gentleman commented: "Mourning can remember the benefits of others." ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Sima Hou recommended uncle Xiang:</h1>
Duke Mo and Sima Hou ascended to the throne and looked at each other: "Lefu! Right: "The joy of the coming down is happy, and the joy of virtue and righteousness is not." "What is virtue and righteousness?" "The deeds of the princes, the sun on the side of the king, with their good deeds, with their evil precepts, can be described as virtue and righteousness." Gong Yue: "Who can?" "The tongue of the sheep is used in the Spring and Autumn Period." "Nai summoned Uncle Fu to the envoy Prince Fu Biao.
The Duke of Jin and Sima Hou climbed up to the high platform together and looked out, saying, "What a joy! Sima Hou said: "The joy of condescending viewing is happiness, but the happiness of Deyi cannot be said." The mourner asked, "What is virtue and righteousness?" Sima Hou replied, "The deeds of the princes, who are beside the monarch every day, take their good deeds as an example to emulate, and take their evil deeds as their own precepts, which can be called virtue and righteousness." Mourner asked, "How can this be done?" Sima Hou replied, "Shu Xiang is familiar with history books. So The Duke of Mourning summoned Shu Xiang and asked him to counsel Prince Biao.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Yangping sect Pinggong extinguished luan clan:</h1>
In the sixth year of the PingGong, Ji Yi, Huang Yuan, and Jia Father rebelled and died. Gong Sui chased after group of thieves, saying that Yang Bi said: "Since Mu Hou to the present, the chaotic soldiers have not quit, the people are not tired, and the disaster is endless." If you are away from the people and are afraid of my body, what if? Yang Bi said to him: "The root is a tree, the branches and leaves are long, and the roots are long, and the roots are long, and it is difficult to do so." Now if you are big, go to its branches and leaves, and get rid of its roots, you can have less leisure. Gong Yue: "Zi Shi Tu Zhi." "The figure is in Mingxun, the Mingxun is in authoritarianism, and the authority is in Jun." After the sages of the king, there are those who are always in the country, and those who are determined to lose the king and go after the country are chaotic, which is the power to be far away. The people fear their might, and with their virtue, they cannot obey it. If they follow, the hearts and minds of the people can be animals. The beast knows its desires and evil in its heart, and who steals life? If you don't steal your life, you'll be in chaos. And fu luan clan slander Jin Guo Jiuye, Luan Shu Shi covered the sect, kill li gong to thicken his family, if you destroy the Luan clan, then the people are mighty, and if I am flawed, original, Han, and Wei and rewarded, then the people will cherish it. Wei and Huai should be their own place, then the country is safe, the monarch is ruled and the country is security, who is with whom those who want to cause trouble? Jun Yue: "Luan Shu Li Wu Xianjun, Luan Ying is not guilty, how?" Yang Bi said: "Those who are righteous in the country must not be suspended from power, and the exercise of power cannot be hidden from selfishness." If power is obscured, the people will not guide; if the exercise of power is hidden in private, the government will not work. If the government does not work, why guide the people? If the people do not guide, and there is no king, then they are obscure and hidden, and they are harmful and diligent. Junqi Tuzhi. If you love Luan Ying, then you will chase the thieves one by one, and send them according to the number of the country, and wait for them with a thick precept. If he seeks to fulfill his will and repay the king, the sin will be great, and the destruction will be few. If he does not dare to flee, he will be generous to his diplomacy and encouragement, so as to repay his virtue, will he not care? "The public promises, as far as the group of thieves are chased, qi wu and Yang Bi Shi qu wo will chase Luan Ying, and Luan Ying will come out of Ben Chu." He then ordered yu guoren to say: "Those who have been powerful than the ancestors since the WenGong and whose descendants have not been established will be granted and rewarded." "After living for three years, Luan Ying entered the day and became a thief." Fan Xuanzi entered the palace of Xianggong as a public, Luan Ying did not ke, out of Ben Quwo, then stabbed Luan Ying, and destroyed the Luan clan. It is also the absence of civil unrest in the body of the unequal public.
In the sixth year of the Jin Ping Gong, Ji Yi, Huang Yuan, and Jia Fu launched a rebellion and were killed without success. Pinggong then expelled their party and said to Yang Bi: "Since Muhou to the present, the rebellion has not stopped, the people's hearts are insufficient, and disasters are continuous. What if the people turn their backs on the people will summon external troubles, and I am afraid that they will fall on me. Yang Bi replied, "The root of the calamity is still there, and the longer the branches and leaves, the more lush the root will be, so it is difficult to stop the calamity." Now if you use a large axe to cut off its branches and leaves, and cut off its roots, you can calm down a little. Ping Gong said, "Please try to plot this." Yang Bi replied, "The key to planning lies in having a clear teaching order, and a clear teaching lies in whether there is authority, and the authority is in the hands of the monarch." The monarch must select the descendants of the sages who have made meritorious contributions to the Jin dynasty for generations, and also select the descendants of those who wantonly harm the monarch and the country and expel them, so as to extend the authority of the monarch and make the regime last forever. The people feared the authority of the monarch and remembered his thoughts, and there was no disobedience. If they all obey, then the will of the people can cultivate teaching. Cultivate and teach the hearts of the people and know their desires likes and dislikes, then who will be reckless and steal life? If you do not live in secret, then the people's hearts will not be confused. Moreover, luan had been deceiving the Jin state for a long time, and Luan Shu subverted the Emperor of the Jin state and killed Li Gong to increase his own power. If the Luan clan is eliminated, then the people will be afraid of the authority of the monarch. Now, if the descendants of Flawed Jia, Yuan Yi, Han Wan, and Bi Wan are revived and rewarded and supported, then the people will miss the king's kindness. If authority and Wynne get what they want, then the country will be stable, you will rule the country and the country will be stable, although there are people who want to rebel, who will go along with him? Ping Gong said, "Luan Shu once supported my ancestors, and Luan Ying herself did not commit a crime, so how can we exterminate the Luan clan?" Yang Bi replied, "Those who govern the country cannot only seek the expedient measures in front of them and plan the major affairs of the country, and they must not hide their sins because of their personal favors." If only the expedient measures in front of them are taken, the people will not be disciplined; because of private favors, they will conceal their sins, and government affairs will not be carried out. If political affairs cannot be carried out, then what is used to discipline the people? The people are not disciplined, just as there is no monarch. The mere attempt at the moment and the concealment of sins by private favor harm the country and the hardships of the monarch. Think about it. If you like Luan Ying, then openly expel his comrades, explain his sins with the great principle of governing the country, and then send him away, severely admonishing him and preventing him from plotting against wrongdoing. If Luan Ying wantonly wants to get revenge on you, then the crime is no greater than it is, even if it is not enough to exterminate his clan. If he does not dare to flee to a distant place, then give him more gifts to the country he fled to, and ask them to take care of him, so as to repay his kindness. Duke Ping agreed to Yang Bi's suggestion, expelled all of Luan's henchmen, and sent Qi Wu and Yang Bi to Quwo to expel Luan Ying, who ran out to the Chu state. The Duke of Ping then ordered the people of the country: "Since the Duke Wen of Jin, anyone who has meritorious service to the ancestors and his descendants who have not been officials will be awarded knighthood and official positions, and those who can visit the descendants of those who have meritorious service will be rewarded." After three years, Luan Ying entered the Jin Dynasty in broad daylight and went to the capital City to rebel. Fan Xuanzi sent Pinggong to Xianggong's temple for refuge, but Luan Ying did not succeed and fled to Quwo, so the Jin army killed Luan Ying and destroyed Luan's clan party. Therefore, until the death of Ping Gong, there was no civil unrest in the Jin state.