Let the "city flower" camellia bloom all over Kunming (series of reports below)
The first live broadcast of the first Spring City Kunming Family Flower Raising Competition in 2020 - "Let the 'City Flower' Camellia Bloom All Over Kunming" Experts teach you to plant Yunnan Camellia will be broadcast live online at 20:00 on April 28 (Tuesday) through the Kunming Information Harbor Cailong Community, and Li Suo, director of kunming garden research institute, is invited to share with you the yunnan camellia family cultivation method. Before the live broadcast, let's first understand the City of Kunming City Flower Yunnan Camellia.
"Dianqian Red" Nine Hearts Eighteen Petals Variety of Yunnan Camellia.
Kunming's well-known tea garden
As a national 4A-level scenic spot and a national key cultural relics protection unit, Kunming Jindian Scenic Area is famous for its camellias. The camellia garden here covers an area of more than 200 acres, cultivating more than 20,000 camellia plants and more than 400 varieties, which is the largest camellia special park in the country, cultivating Yunnan camellia varieties and the largest number.
From 1989 to the present, the Golden Temple has held the Yunnan Camellia Exhibition every year, and "Mingfeng Camellia" has become one of the new sixteen scenic spots in Kunming. In January 2013, the Kunming Yunnan Camellia Research Center in Jindian was officially opened.
The ancient Camellia tree in Yunnan, which grows in front of the Bronze Hall of the Golden Temple, is known as the "red in front of the temple" by the folk as the variety of nine hearts and eighteen petals.
In February 2016, the closing ceremony of the "2016 Dali International Camellia Conference and the 10th China Camellia Expo" was held in Dali Ancient City. At the closing ceremony, Kunming Jindian Scenic Area won the unanimous vote of 30 directors from 15 regions of the world's camellia distribution, and successfully won the honorary title of "International Outstanding Tea Garden". Dali Yu'er Garden was also awarded the title of "International Outstanding Tea Garden" at this event. At this point, together with the Kunming Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which has previously won this honor, Yunnan Province has become the province with the most "international outstanding tea gardens" in the country. At that time, there were more than 30 international outstanding tea gardens in the world, and Yunnan occupied 3 seats. "International Outstanding Tea Garden" is also the highest honor of the International Camellia Association.
Golden Temple Scenic Area receives international outstanding tea garden.
In addition, Kunming Botanical Garden is also an excellent place to enjoy camellias. Kunming Botanical Garden Tea Garden is one of the earliest camellia special garden in China, which has carried out relevant scientific research for more than 60 years, and is the special garden with the largest collection of Yunnan camellia varieties in the world. In February 2012, the park has passed the "International Outstanding Tea Garden" certification, and was also rated as "Kunming Flower (Yunnan Camellia) Science Popularization Boutique Base".
When you come to Kunming Botanical Garden, be sure to see more than 50 new varieties cultivated or named by the garden. For example, morning camellia 'Red Xia Yingchun', 'Youtang Spring Show' and other varieties. Yunnan camellia varieties 'early peach red', 'Xuejiao', 'Red Xia Yingchun', 'Golden Lotus Hibiscus', camellia varieties 'Rock Root Strand', 'Eighteen Bachelors', hybrids 'Valentine's Day', 'Confused Spring' and so on are also worth watching. In this garden, you can also enjoy the golden flower tea known as the giant panda of the plant kingdom, rare native species Chongzuo golden flower tea, rhododendron red camellia and rare plants such as pig blood wood, which is extremely precious in the camellia family. The more than 800 70-year-old Yunnan Camellia trees are even more spectacular.
This white variety is 'White Snow Tower'.
This yellow variety is 'Golden Flower Tea'.
Yunnan Fengzeyuan Botanical Garden in Baiyi also has 4 camellia theme parks, planting more than 100,000 camellia varieties of more than 300 camellia varieties of different colors, such as Yunnan camellia, East China camellia, Sichuan camellia, rhododendron camellia, golden flower tea, tea plum and so on. Fortress Garden also has some camellia varieties cultivated independently. Purple, black, green, and blue camellias are rare to see, and you can also see camellias in several colors symbiotic on a single flower.
In addition, most of Kunming's large parks and green spaces are planted with different amounts of Yunnan camellias. Many people with courtyards in Kunming also prefer Yunnan camellia more and more, planting camellia flowers in front of and behind the house. In Dali, Yunnan, the phenomenon of widespread cultivation of Yunnan camellia is more common.
Nine hearts and eighteen petals of Yunnan camellia.
Tips for growing a piece of camellia at home
Generally speaking, the ecological habits of Yunnan camellia are suitable for warm and humid climate, and the cultivation should be combined with the habits to provide an aboveground environment and soil environment suitable for camellia peanuts. Yunnan camellia has "three fears": fear of high winds, fear of water fishing, fear of exposure to the sun, so the above problems should be avoided when planting. In addition, due to its deep roots, the planting soil layer is as thick as possible. It is best to choose weakly acidic soil with good drainage and air permeability and rich in organic matter.
When it comes to Yunnan camellia, it is necessary to mention the traditional ten famous species, namely: hate tiangao, boy face, purple robe, nine heart purple robe, cinnabar purple robe, Baozhu tea, peony tea, pine nut scales, lion head, crane top red. Imagine if you could cultivate this kind of camellia at home, what kind of spring breeze would it be? Here are some tips for breeding:
About reproduction:
Yunnan camellia is not easy to root due to cuttings and pressed strips, and is mainly propagated by grafting.
The grafting time is from March to July every year, and the rootstock for grafting can be selected from East China Camellia, Safflower Oil Tea, Winter-resistant and so on. The grafting method can be used to connect, leather, cut, split and other methods.
Yunnan camellia can also be propagated by sowing, but because many heavy-petal varieties cannot bear fruit normally, coupled with the fact that Yunnan camellia is a cross-pollinating plant, the plants obtained by sowing and propagating are mostly mutated, and the flowering time of adult seedlings is longer, so it is only used when cultivating rootstocks or hybrid breeding.
About fertilization:
To fertilize Yunnan camellia, the principle of thin fertilizer and diligent application should be followed, and the number of fertilization and fertilization concentration should be determined according to the growth of the plant and different seasons.
First of all, when transplanting camellias, plantar fertilizer should be applied, and no fertilizer should be applied within 2 months after transplanting. Spring and summer are the growing seasons of camellia flowers, which can be applied diligently and thinly, and less in autumn and winter. Robust plants are appropriately applied more, and weak plants are applied less or no.
About pruning:
Camellia flowers should not be pruned with intensity to meet aesthetic needs and plant growth needs, and to ensure a better tree shape. Its flowers, leaves, buds develop for a long time, the canopy formation is more uniform, basically do not need special pruning, as long as the cut off of diseased insect branches, over-dense branches, weak branches and truncated long branches on the line.
Newly harvested Yunnan camellia seedlings, usually in the first 2 years, do not rush to enjoy the flowers, but should be just the size of mung bean buds for artificial removal, to promote the growth of the entire plant.
After the plant has grown for 2 years, when the flowering period arrives, bud picking is an important part of cultivation management, and it is advisable to leave 1 bud on each branch, up to only 2, and maintain a certain distance. Especially on plants with weak growth, if the buds are dense, they will consume too much nutrients, which is not good for plant growth. Picking flowers that are close to withering in time is also of great benefit to reducing nutrient consumption and enhancing tree potential. (Kunming Information Harbor reporter Yang Yan Courtesy photo: Li Ruoyou, Li Suo)