Spring and Autumn with Waiting Beads
Fang Pengfei
Spring and Autumn with the Zhu Republic of China excavated in the Hanzhong City, Mian County, Shaanxi Province, Dingjun Mountain under the yellow land, bead diameter 2.46 cm, jade white, thousands of years of underground infiltration into yellow-brown, the body into a spherical shape, the whole body high relief crab pattern, holes in the shape of large in and small trumpet; Fine workmanship, exquisite skills, warm texture, delicate Huazi, take the essence of heaven, absorb the aura of the earth, noble and elegant, calm and gentle, the atmosphere is magnificent. Song Chensu's poem "厥水":
The two waters surround the corner of the city,
Gao Yi zengwen Ji Doctor;
Ninety-nine gang customs thick,
Everyone has already grasped the spirit bead.
This Spring and Autumn Waiting Bead is a national treasure orphan, and as of now, the second Spring and Autumn Jade Pearl has been unearthed at the end, and there is only one Spring and Autumn Waiting Pearl in history. According to the Hubei "Suizhou Chronicle", "When I went out on a trip, I saw a large snake wounded and broken, and I immediately felt pity for it, and people smeared it with medicine; After a month, the snake healed, and in the middle of the night he held the pearl to repay the grace of saving his life." According to the "Old Suizhou Chronicle": "The snake bead spits out outside the hall: I am the dragon prince also, feeling that the king is alive, so I have come to repay the virtue." The physical appearance of the beads overturned this myth and story, and it was convinced that the Spring and Autumn Period Suiguo did indeed have this objective entity inherent. In fact, all the myths and stories in history are the interpretation of people's worship and reverence of beautiful things, reflecting the good wishes of the masses of the people. Therefore, contemporary mythological researchers have concluded that myth is a natural and social form processed in the fantasy of the ancestors through unconscious artistic methods, and is a tortuous rather than direct refraction of ancient nature and social reality.
Suiguo, also known as Zengguo, is used together with Zeng, one country and two names, just like China and China today. Its domain is based on the "Left Transmission. The Eight Years of the Duke of Huan recorded the place names "Shen Lu", "Between Han and Huai", "Su Qi", etc., which should include the area east of present-day Hanshui, south of Tongbai Mountain, west of Guangshui, zhongxiang and north of Jingshan. Historia. Zou Yang's biography says: "The Pearl of Suihou, the Bi of heshi, the treasure of the world, and the value of the city". The old "Ci Hai" said: "The pearl of waiting, the pearl of Bian and the bi, are all the most precious treasures, so easy-going and called". During the Warring States period, Sui Houzhu once performed the idiom of "Suizhu Pin sparrow", and Heshi Bi once performed the allusion of "Complete Bi Return to Zhao".
This Hou Zhu was purchased by his father for the Republic of China from an old monk. According to the monk, "It was obtained from the yellow land next to the tomb of Zhuge Liang on the bank of the Han River under the Dingjun Mountain in the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms." However, many historical books record: Sui HouZhu and Heshi Bi disappeared early. However, according to the clues and ants of different history books, the Suihou Zhu was originally controlled by the King of suiguo in the Spring and Autumn Period, and in 706 BC, King Wu of Chu defeated Suiguo to obtain suihouzhu. Since then, he has been returning to the Chu royal family with Hou Zhu. After King Wen of Chu ordered the jade workers to make Heshi Bi, it was collectively called "Suizhu and Bi" in history, also known as "Suizhu Jingyu": it means the best of the treasures. When King Xuan of Chu arrived 350 years later, the State of Qin sent emissaries to offer to see the treasures of the State of Chu. King Xuan of Chu then summoned Yin Zixi to discuss: "Qin wants to see the treasure of Chu, and I can show it to you with Hou Zhu and Shi Bi"? From this dialogue, it can be seen that the two treasures have indeed returned to the Chu Kingdom. I don't know when, nor do I know what chance, but Waiting Zhu and Shi Bi were obtained by Wei Guo. Wei Baigui lost six cities in the battle, but he took the State of Zhongshan in one fell swoop, and made great contributions to the State of Wei. Wei Wen Houli ignored the public opinion, did not listen to the rumors, and Zhongzheng Fang straightened up Bai Gui and rewarded Bai Gui with Sui Hou Zhu and Shi Bi. 400 years after King Wen of Chu, King Wei of Chu regained two treasures. In the sixth year of the reign of King Huai of Chu (323 BC), in recognition of the battle of Xiangling of Chu Wei in the Six Kingdoms of Wei, King Huai of Chu gave hou Zhu and Shi Bi to the Chu state of Yin Shangzhu Zhaoyang. Zhaoyang took it out for the guests to watch when he was traveling the Chishan Mountains with the guests, but was unexpectedly stolen by Zhang Yi, a zongheng family with poor morals. People are suspicious of Zhang Yi, but Zhang Yi would rather not admit it. During the Warring States period, he was also the prime minister of the Five Kingdoms, with outstanding rhetoric and extraordinary temperament, and the two treasures of Su Qin, the State of Yan, who had great talent and great talent. After Su Qin's death, his descendants sold these two treasures in the market, and the eunuch ling Miaoxian of the Zhao kingdom bought the two treasures with 500 taels of gold to offer to King Huiwen of Zhao. When the powerful King Qin Zhao of qin learned of this, he offered to exchange 15 cities for heshibi, so there was a Lin Xiangru complete bi return to Zhao and the subsequent Suizhu pinball idiom.
Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms and obtained two treasures. This is corroborated by Lis's Expulsion Order. Li Si wrote a letter of advice: "Your Majesty's jade to Kunshan now has the treasure of Suihe and the pearl of the falling moon, and those who count the treasures, Qin does not give birth to a single treasure, and His Majesty said, why not"? Meaning: Now That His Majesty has obtained the beautiful jade of Kunlun Mountain, has Suihou Zhu and Heshi Bi, and hangs a bright moon pearl (pearl) hanging from his body, and these treasures are not produced in the Qin Kingdom, but His Majesty likes it very much, why is this? Qin Shi Huang listened to Li Si's advice and stopped the eviction order. He also let Li Sishu "be ordained by heaven and live forever" seal book, and ordered the jade worker Sun Shou to engrave the seal as the "jade seal of the country". Since then, there have been three treasures in the world: Sui Hou Zhu, Heshi Bi, and Chuanguo Jade Seal.
After the fall of Qin and Hanxing, Liu Bang received from the Qin generals the Three Treasures of Suihou Zhu and Heshi Bi and the Chuanguo Jade Seal. And it is determined that "ordered by heaven and shou Yongchang" is the jade seal of the Han Dynasty. Book of Han. Western Chronicles. "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty displayed rare treasures such as Waiting Beads, Heshi Bi, and Chuanguo Jade Seals to show off the strength of the Han Empire to the envoys of the Western Regions." Emperor Xuan of Han built the Four Treasures Ancestral Hall and enshrined four treasures, including the Waiting Pearl, the Heshi Bi, and the Chuanguo Jade Seal. During the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, the Three Treasures were located in Changxin Palace (later renamed Changle Palace), which was managed by Empress Xiaoyuan. Wang Mang usurped the Three Treasures of Han.
In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and Sun Jian obtained the Three Treasures. Yuan Shao used both soft and hard means to repeatedly blackmail Sun Jian to hand over the Three Treasures, but he did not succeed. Sun Jian gave the Three Treasures to his wife for secret hiding. During the Three Kingdoms period, the world was even more war-torn. After Sun Jian's death, Liu Bei took Sun Jian's daughter Sun Shangxiang as his wife; Sun Jian's wife gave the Three Treasures to her daughter Sun Shangxiang. During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei was the king of Hanzhong, Dingjun Mountain was under the jurisdiction of the Shu state, Zhuge Liang was based on The City of Lecheng in Hanzhong via Xiegu Road, six out of Qishan, and the northern map was Cao Wei. Sun Shangxiang took the Three Treasures to marry Liu Bei, and it was natural for the Three Treasures to be left in Hanzhong. But how did Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang of the Shu Kingdom abandon the Yellow Land on the banks of the Han River under the Dingjun Mountain in the ancient battlefield? The history books are untested and unknown.
The Western Han Dynasty's Huainan Zi says: "The pearl of waiting, the bi of the he clan, the rich who gain, and the poor who lose." In history, the Tang Dynasty poet Saint Li Bai recorded that he was waiting for Zhu to hide in Hanzhong. Tang Li Bai has a poem: "Bi Mei Han Dong guo, Chuanzang Mingyue Hui; Ning Zhi after the funeral, there is more - Zhu Gui." "Handongguo" is actually a name for a country that is not disclosed. Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Zhang Lu's biography says: "The people who have the land and obtain the jade seal (Qin Chuanguo Jade Seal)", everyone thinks that this is a great auspicious omen of the "will of heaven". Therefore, everyone wanted to honor Zhang Lu as the "King of Hanning" and establish the "Handong Kingdom". Zhang Lu's gong Cao Yanpu advised: "The people of Hanchuan, with more than 100,000 households, a lot of wealth and fertile land, and the terrain on all sides are dangerous, and if you can support tianzi on all sides, then you will become the Duke of Qi Huan and the Duke of Jin Wen, and the worst of them are dou Rong and the like, and they can not lose their wealth; now that they are undertaking the establishment of an official office, the power is enough to decide matters, and there is no need to be king; I hope that you will not be called king for the time being, and do not invite disasters first." Zhang Lu listened to Yan Pu's advice. He was not called the King of Hanning, nor did he play the banner of "Han Dongguo" to the outside world. It is only within the believers that they are called King Hanning and Han Dongguo. During the Republic of China, Dangtai Village on the bank of the Xiangshui River, the center of Zhanglu Wudou Rice Road Activity in Chenggu County, Hanzhong City, once unearthed cultural relics such as bronze dings and lacquerware bells of Zhang Lu Wudou Rice Road in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and each piece had a seal inscription "Dong" at the bottom, which corroborated the fact that Zhang Lu called "Han Dongguo" among the believers. Unfortunately, these unearthed treasures have spread to Japan, and in recent years, they have been auctioned at auctions related to japanese art. Mao Zedong once praised Zhang Lu, the king of Hanning, who dominated the Han Dynasty at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In December 1958, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Zhengzhou, at which the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms • Zhang Lu Biography" was issued, calling on the members of the Central Committee to study seriously. In the history of the Communist Party of China, there is no precedent for issuing ancient personal biographies as conference materials for discussion and study at the Central Committee Plenary Session, and to this day there is only the "Biography of Zhang Lu". At the sixth session of the Eighth Central Committee, Chairman Mao Zedong spoke highly of Zhang Lu, saying: "There is a Zhang Lu in Han, who has not had money for eating, and all passers-by do not need money to eat meat in the rice shop. He has been working on it for 30 years, and people are happy with that system, which has a socialist style. Our socialism has a long history." "Chuanzang" means Hanzhong Tibet. Historically, Hanzhong was Dongchuan, Sichuan was Xichuan, and "Chuanzang" was Dongchuanzang. The East and West Rivers are collectively known as the Kingdom of Heaven. How did Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty know about waiting for Zhu Chuanzang? It can be seen that there are books in the Tang Dynasty. And Li Bai also predicted: "Ning Zhi will return after the funeral, and there will be a pearl return." Li Bai is a man, not a god, and if he can know that Chuanzang is waiting for the pearl, he can predict that the Taiping Prosperous World Waiting Orb will surely come out after the war; At the same time, it also allows us to understand that the Tang Dynasty should have a clear record of waiting for zhu to be in Tibet and Hanzhong, but in the long river of time, this book does not exist.
In this dynasty, the Taiping Dynasty, the Spring and Jingming, the heavy treasure of the country with the Waiting Pearl was indeed born from Hanzhong, and it is true that "the music of all sides has been played in Khotan". The world is amazing, and the world is amazing. After going through the Tanghai Sangtian, the national treasure accompanied Hou Zhu with the hands of the emperors of successive dynasties and many generals, yingying and moist, elegant and chic, exquisite and huazi came to the world, telling the sour, sweet and bitter, frankly saying that the world was hot and cold, and narrating the soldiers and iron horses...
At the end of the Warring States period, "Mozi" said: "The Bi of the Heshi Clan, the Pearl of Suihou, the Three Thorns and Six Differences, the Good Treasure of this Prince" also." Unfortunately, apart from the well-known Heshi Bi, SuiHou Zhu is little known. Therefore, the beads need to be distinguished from the material, and there are five kinds of speculations in future generations!
One is the snake bead. The pearl of snake vomiting is called a bead. Far less than pearls, it is called a. Southern Dynasty Liang Renfang 's Book of Differences" says: "Wherever the pearl has a dragon ball, the dragon spits; the dragon spits; the pearl, the snake spits; the South China Sea proverb cloud: a thousand beads, not as good as the rose, the words of the pearl are also low." Roses are also beautiful pearls also". Suihou Zhu is also known as the "Pearl of the Spirit Snake"; according to the "Old Suizhou Chronicle", "The snake bead spits out outside the hall: I am the Dragon Prince, and I feel that the king is alive, so I have come to repay the virtue." Suiguo was a princely state in the Western Zhou Dynasty, holding the Eastern Gate, from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the destruction of the Chu State, before and after the existence of nearly 700 years, and then by the powerful Chu State to attack the capital and destroy the country, but the Suiguo monarch Suihou is not a tyrant! He is a virtuous and benevolent monarch, "who travels with hou, sees the great serpent wounded, and suddenly has compassion, so that people can apply medicine to it, and the snake heals, and in the night he holds the pearl to repay the hou's grace for saving his life." The beads spit out by the snake are called "xue zhu", few people have seen it, the quality of the beads is relatively poor, much worse than the quality of the pearls, Song Qianyi's "New Book of the South" said: "Xishi Hu people noble clam beads and cheap beads, the beads, the snake so turr, only the Hu people discern it." Translated into the vernacular: The Hu people in the West believe that the clam beads are much more precious than the clam beads, and the clam beads are the beads spit out by the snake, not rare treasures, but only the Hu people can distinguish it, and the Han people use the principle that rarity is precious, and believes that the beads are more precious than the mussel beads. It can be seen that Suihou Zhu can exist as one of the two treasures of Spring and Autumn, and it is naturally not an ordinary bead. A large number of ancient books have relevant records, saying that "the beads can shine like a pearl of the night, and can even be hung as a candle fire." It can be seen that this is a myth and legend that has been born and gone, and it is a follow-up pearl that comes out of the interpretation! People who understand the principle of optics know that the orb that can emit light does not exist in the world, that is, the principle of diamond luminescence is also in the sun or boiling water heating in the dark to emit crystal light.
The second is pearls. Ancient orbs also had mussel beads according to their material, also known as pearls, which are substances that have existed on the earth for 200 million years. The Han "History of Gui Celie" says: "The pearl of the bright moon, out of the rivers and seas, is hidden in the mussels." Therefore, some people think that the waiting bead is a pearl; but the pearl is not true! Freshwater pearls generally cannot be too large. Pearls are originally calcium carbonate particles, which grow in shellfish and finally form a bright round bead; if the mussels ingest other special substances, pearls of different colors may also appear, which is very beautiful; but the myths and legends of the beads can shine like night pearls! Some pearls in nature can indeed look glowing, the reason is that the pearl contains a small amount of organic matter and very fine water molecules, with good refractive index, so that the pearl seems to be able to shine as brightly, this is indeed not the pearl itself glows! All the world's rubies, sapphires, emeralds and other gemstones emit light, just like pearls, and are good refracted light. It should be noted that the preservation of pearls and beads is a problem! Pearls and beads are about the same composition, both contain organic matter, storage time is no more than 100 years, there will be color yellowing, natural degradation changes, the idiom "human old pearl yellow" is this truth, in the soil will not exceed 200 years on the natural dissolution; moreover, pearls and beads in the war is easy to be destroyed, easy to flow away in the war, all of which is an irreversible process of self-destruction.
High-grade pearls
The third is fluorescence beads. Fluorite is a mineral that can really emit light naturally, commonly known as the night pearl, this is because during the formation process, the inside of the fluorite crystal is stimulated by volcanic magma, the gap is filled with electrons, after the stimulation stops, it is exposed to the sun for a long time or heated in water, and the electron energy released in the dark will release natural light. Whether the principle of luminescence with Hou Zhu is consistent with fluorite, the world does not know for the time being.
Fluorite beads
The fourth is glass beads. Glass beads are also material beads, glass beads, the Eastern Han Dynasty Wang Chong "On Balance. Willfulness" records: "With medicine as a bead, the essence is as true, the teachings of the Taoists are supreme, and the meaning of knowing is added to the meaning." Clearly mentioned: artificially processed! During the Warring States period, Suiguo was good at firing glass beads. In recent years, 173 warring states glass beads have been excavated from the tomb of Zeng Houyi, and the surface is covered with circle patterns, commonly known as "dragonfly eyes" glass beads, the largest diameter of 2.3 cm. Some people think that it is the Suihou Zhu mentioned in the literature. But at the excavation site, it was unanimously denied by archaeologists and experts that it was not Suihou Zhu! Reason: First of all, the era does not match, it is the Warring States and not the Spring and Autumn Period! The second is the synthetic volcanic beads instead of the naturally generated orbs! In addition, the beads will not be so much and the material will not be so low.
Warring States glass beads
Fifth, jade beads. SuiHou Zhu wrote in the "Yu Gong" at the end of the war and the beginning of the Han Dynasty: "All true jade pearls also". Myths and legends aside, jade is naturally the best material for waiting beads! Because jade has been monopolized by the royal family since ancient times, it is recognized as a rare treasure and the best jade! There are many rare jewels in the world, their size, shape, material, and color are different, but the common point is to beautify human life; excluding the four types of beads, the biggest possibility of following Hou Zhu is the beautiful stone "Psychic Treasure Jade" monopolized by the imperial family of successive dynasties, the essence of jade gathering heaven and earth, absorbing the brilliance of the sun and the moon, it is very likely that the emperor made a bead, and there is no second material that can replace its supreme status! Of course, some people speculate that Suihou Zhu may be martyred by Qin Shi Huang and "replace the anointing candle" in the tomb! But so far, the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang has not been excavated, if it is a snake spitting out a bead or a pearl inside the mussel, it has long been gone! If it is fluorite or material beads, the quality is too poor, and it is not the same as jade, even if you can't compare with the Suihou beads made of jade! Suihou Zhu and Heshi Bi are called "Spring and Autumn Two Treasures", is a very precious treasure, if one day, archaeologists finally opened the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, and found three beads of fluorite material, glass material, jade material, the world still thinks that the jade material beads will be Suihou beads! And rejoice in this, and recognize it as a national treasure! Because there are too many stories in the background of jade, the value of a jade artifact is not only a rare raw material, but also a noble royal family, or a superb skill, which carries rich history, thick heritage, royal treasures, and national treasures.
Of course, is this bead indeed made by the monarch of suiguo? Suspicion should be reasonable. But this jade bead is indeed a Spring and Autumn jade bead! Could there be a second jade bead in the Spring and Autumn Period? In addition, some people will wonder: Why did the waiting beads unearthed from Hanzhong? The "Zhang Lu Biography" entry in the Three Kingdoms Chronicle, the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, and the Huayang Guozhi all record "those who have the land of the people to obtain the jade seal". Qin Shi Huang's "ordered by heaven and shou Yongchang" was also unearthed during the Three Kingdoms of Hanzhong, and later Obtained by Zhang Lufeng treasure house Cao Cao, these three treasures of the Eastern Han Dynasty were gathered together, and ancient historians recorded it without error. Since the "National Jade Seal" can be unearthed in Hanzhong during the Three Kingdoms, the waiting jade beads will naturally be unearthed in Hanzhong. Two of the most famous three treasures in Chinese history were unearthed in Hanzhong, and perhaps Heshibi will be unearthed from Hanzhong one year. In addition, the "Book of Searching Gods" says: "The diameter is inching, pure white and luminous, and can be a candle room." In the Spring and Autumn Period, the ruler of weights and measures was small, one inch was about equal to 2.33 centimeters today, and the diameter of the Spring and Autumn Jade Beads was 2.46 centimeters, just "inch", which coincided with the historical records; secondly, "pure white", the color of this jade bead was indeed pure white, but in the physical and chemical action of more than two thousand years underground, and the simmering of the moon, the jade color became the brown spot of the okra color belt, which also coincided with the historical records. The Western Han Dynasty 'Huainan Zi' remembers Hou Zhu in great detail: in the Spring and Autumn Period, when he was accompanied by a broken snake hill in the country, he traveled with Hou, saw that the big snake was broken in two, saw that his snake had some spiritual powers, and ordered the accompanying people to use medicine to treat it, and the snake could immediately move. Here it is called "Broken Snake Hill"; a year later, the snake pearl came to repay Suihou, "The pearl is full of diameter, pure white, and there is light in the night, such as the light of the moon, it can be a candle room, so it is called Suihou Zhu, also known as the Spirit Snake Pearl, also known as the Bright Moon Pearl; Qiu Nan has Sui Ji Liang (Liang) Doctor Pool." In what form does the snake send the pearl? Folk one says that when riding a boat with Hou Hou, he suddenly encountered wind and waves, and a large snake was offered in the water; the other said that he dreamed of a large snake in the middle of the night to repay the favor of the pearl, and when he woke up, he saw a pearl that illuminated the room like daylight. Bead glow illumination is obviously a myth and legend! Abandoning the luminous illumination with Hou Zhu is naturally a jade bead.
The idiom "with the beads" is an allusion. With the pearl bullet sparrow: The metaphor does not know how to weigh the weight, and to obtain small benefits at a very high cost, which is extremely more than worth the loss. Source: Warring States, Song, Zhuang Zhou, "Zhuangzi, Let the King": "Now there are people here, with the pearl of the Marquis, the bird of the thousands, the world will laugh." Why? He who uses it is heavy, and what he wants is lighter." Translated into the vernacular: Once upon a time there was a man who liked to beat a bird, and with a precious bead, he beat a sparrow in the sky; The world will laugh at him, why? Because what he uses is too expensive, but what he wants is too light.
Idiomatic story: First, the combination of pearls: describe the most beautiful things in the world are together. Second, Suizhu and Bi (or Suizhu Jingyu): Describe the best of the treasures. Third, when Duke Lu Ai heard that Yan Que was very wise, he sent someone to send him a gift to invite him out of the mountain, and the poor Yan Que did not accept it; Zhuangzi expressed his feelings on this matter: Yan Que had no intention of being rich and noble, and he did not welcome the gift of rich money, such a person is rare, and those who do not hesitate to sacrifice their lives to pursue wealth and wealth are just like "the pearl of the prince and the bird that plays a thousand birds" It is not worth comparing with some party and government leaders today, comparing their own party spirit, principles, beliefs, and lofty purpose of serving the country and the people, abandoning one side and corrupting, and skillfully taking advantage of it. In the end, losing everything is no different from "waiting for the pearl and playing a thousand birds", even if it is hundreds of millions and billions, it is not worth it.
November 9, 2021
About the author: Fang Pengfei, a member of the Shaanxi Provincial Writers Association, a member of the Shaanxi Children's Literature Research Association, and a member of the China Collectors Association, has published more than 2,000 essays, reportages, short stories, etc. in relevant newspapers and magazines at home and abroad, and won more than 20 first, second, and third prizes and excellent awards in various essays of relevant newspapers and magazines in China, the province and the city; and published and distributed a collection of essays with 540,000 words, "Qin Ba Lancui".
Address: Shaanxi Chenggu County Party Committee Propaganda Department (retired civil servants)