The Chess Olympiad Team Tournament, also known as the "World Chess Olympiad Team Championship", is referred to as the "Olympiad" or "Olympiad". It is the largest world competition organized by fide chess federations.
The name Olympiad is given in view of the history of chess associated with the Olympic Games. The 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm and the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris both featured chess. But the chess field is not eager to distinguish amateur players from professional chess players, and the Olympic Games stipulate that only amateur players can participate. Therefore, after the establishment of the FIDE in 1924, it was replaced by the direct organization of the Olympic Chess Tournament.
The first official Chess Olympiad team tournament was held in London in 1927 with 16 teams, with the Hungarian team winning the championship and winning the "International Hamilton Russell Mobile Gold Cup" named after him donated by an English duke, which has been held every other year or biennial. There were eight tournaments before World War II, all of which had no connection to the Olympic Games, but the 1936 Olympics were held in Berlin, and the German Chess Association, which was not a member of the FIDE at the time, organized a team chess tournament in Munich as a complement to the Games. Each national team consists of 8 players.
In 1960, the first post-war Olympic Chess Tournament was held in Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, and since then, every two years, the number of participating countries (regions) has gradually increased, and by the twenty-ninth session held in Novi Sad, Yugoslavia in 1990, the number of participating countries (regions) has reached 108.
Members of the men's team championship at the 1982 Chess Olympiad (from left): Kasparov, Belyavsky, Karpov, Borogaevsky, Yusupov, Tal.
In the first nine Olympiads, the United States won four championships, Hungary won two championships, and Poland, Germany and Yugoslavia won one each. Since the 10th Olympiad in 1952, the Soviet team has won the "International Hamilton Russell Mobile Gold Cup" in 18 of the 20 tournaments, and the two cups lost were the 22nd in 1976 and the 23rd in 1978. The 22nd Ussrica did not participate due to a boycott of the host country, Israel, and the championship was won by the United States team. The 23rd championship was won by the Hungarian team.
The Olympic Chess Tournament originally adopted a round-robin system, but as the number of participating teams increased, a two-stage group round robin was adopted, divided into preliminaries and finals. First of all, according to the level of the preliminary round, the four groups of A, B, C and D entered the finals, and then the current competition in addition to the ranking, but also decided the promotion and fall of the next group, and the winner of the A group of each competition won the cup. In view of the fact that it is difficult to distribute the seeded teams evenly, the strong teams often meet with the weak teams, plus some teams do not participate in each session, and some teams have a large change in strength each session, and it is difficult to be reasonable in grouping. To change this, the tournament switched to a 14-round Swiss format in 1976. All FIDE member countries (regions) can send teams to participate, each team consists of 4 regular players and 2 substitute players, and the first to sixth players are listed according to the strength. Each game has 4 players, arranged in the order of stages, and must not be reversed. In addition to the champion team winning the Mobile Gold Cup, the top 3 team members of the team were also awarded gold, silver and bronze medals. Since 1984, years with multiples of every 4 (e.g. 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996...) The Olympic Chess Tournament is also a qualifier for the quadrennial World Chess Team Championship, and the top 5 teams are eligible for selection.
Members of the Soviet team (from left), the women's team champion of the 1980 Chess Olympiad: Gaprindashvili, Aleksandria, Cibuldanidze, Josheriani.
Since 1957, FIDE has added the Women's Chess Olympiad Team Tournament, which was initially held irregularly and later played concurrently with the Men's Olympiad. There are 3 official members of each team and 1 substitute team, and the first to fourth players are listed according to their strength. There are 3 players in each game, arranged in order of stage. The champion team won the "Vera Minchik Mobile Trophy". By the 14th edition of Novi Sad in 1990, there were 64 participating national (regional) teams. In the first twelve tournaments, the Soviet team won 11 championships, the only one missed cup was due to the boycott of Israel and did not participate in the seventh Olympiad of L976, and finally won the cup for Israel. However, in the thirteenth and fourteenth Olympiads, both trophies were won by the Hungarian women's team dominated by the three Polgar sisters, and the Soviet team was runners-up.
At the Thirtieth (Women's XV) Olympic Chess Tournament held in Manila in June 1992, due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the domestic changes in Yugoslavia, the European and American powers had fewer chances of winning the rankings. The British team, listed as the men's No. 2 seed, finished only tenth, with Russia taking the place of the former Soviet Union, uzbekistan and Armenia winning silver and bronze medals respectively. In this women's Olympiad, the three Polgar sisters did not play for the Hungarian women's team, and the Georgian and Ukrainian women's teams won the championship and runner-up.
1992 Olympiad in Manila Georgia won the women's team championship (from right to left): Chiburdanidze, Gaprindashvili, Josheriani, Guriyari.
Women's team runners-up Ukraine (from left to right): Semyonova, Litinskaya, Cherushkina, Galia mova.
The Chinese men's team has participated in the Chess Olympiad team competition since 1978. Tied for eighteenth to twentieth place in the XXIII Olympiad. Among them, the Chinese chess player Liu Wenzhe defeated the Dutch international grandmaster Donner's game of chess, using only 20 moves, and the last 6 steps of abandonment were even more wonderful, which caused a sensation in the entire competition hall. This game of chess is known as "like a beautiful poem, like a beautiful song", and has become a good story in the chess world. The last five rankings of the Chinese men's team are: tied for the 8th to 13th places in the 26th session in 1984, 7th in the 27th session in 1986, 8th in the 28th session in 1988, 29th to 6th place in 1990, and 16th place in the 30th session in 1992. Among them, the team composed of Xu Jun, Ye Jiangchuan, Ye Rongguang, Liang Jinrong, Lin Ta and Wang Zili won the best place in the 29th Olympic Games as the best place in China and Asian countries (regions) in history.
The Chinese team won the third place in the women's team (from left to right) Wang Lei, Xie Jun, Peng Zhaoqin, Qin Kanying
The Chinese women's team, composed of Xie Jun, Peng Zhaoqin, Qin Kanying and Wang Lei, won the third place in the 1990 Chess Olympiad team, making the five-star red flag raised for the first time in the World Chess Competition.
The Chinese women's team has participated in the women's chess Olympiad team competition since 1980. In the ninth edition, he was tied for fifth to sixth place, and the four players at that time were Liu Shilan, Wu Minxi, An Yanfeng and Zhao Lan, with an average age of less than 18 years old. Since then, the ranking has steadily increased, and in 1982 the tenth tied for the fourth to sixth places, in 1984 the eleventh session tied for the fourth to fifth place, in 1986 the twelfth session ranked fourth, in 1988 the thirteenth class ranked fourth, in 1990 the fourteenth ranked third. In 1992, the fifteenth edition ranked third. The team composed of Xie Jun, Peng Zhaoqin, Qin Kanying and Wang Lei (average age 18 years old) won the bronze medal in the 14th Olympic Games, which was not only the best result of the Chinese team in the previous Olympic Games, but also the first medal won by an Asian country in the more than 60 years since the history of the Olympic Games was created.
In terms of the individual achievements of the Chinese team in the Olympic Chess Tournament, the taiwan awards were: Ye Jiangchuan won the fourth silver medal of the 25th women's congress in 1982, Liu Shilan won the first bronze medal of the 11th women's congress in 1984, Xu Jun won the first bronze medal of the 27th women's congress in 1986, Peng Zhaoqin won the third gold medal of the 13th women's championship in 1988, Xie Jun won the bronze medal of the 14th women's first table in 1990, and Qin Kanying won the bronze medal of the 15th women's fourth table in 1992. In other words, in the six Olympiads since 1982, each Chinese chess player has won a medal.