Xue Yuanming
Today's small summer is the eleventh of the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar and the fifth solar term of summer, indicating the official beginning of the summer season. Although the summer is not the hottest season of the year, but then it is the hottest summer of the year, the folk have "small summer, steaming and cooking", the weather will become more and more sweltering and humid. On this day, in order to clear the heat and prevent heat and regulate the stomach, northerners are accustomed to drinking porridge, and fried mung bean sprouts have become the first choice for small dishes. Many places also have the custom of "eating lotus in the summer", because the lotus has an appetizing effect and is suitable for summer consumption. For calligraphers and painters, creation and appreciation of collection are the "only way to cool off".
Unconsciously, the twenty-four solar terms were more than halfway through. It also means that it is more than half a year old. Different time division standards will bring different feelings. 365 days a year, it feels a little long, once replaced by 52 weeks, or 24 solar terms, it immediately feels short. Life is a hundred years, but more than 30,000 days. Once measured in days, it feels like it's fast...
When Xiao Xia came, I suddenly thought of the poem of the Tang Dynasty poet Yuan Shu: "Suddenly the warm wind arrives, and follows Xiao Xia." Bamboo noise first felt the rain, and the mountain darkness had smelled thunder. "The small summer heralds the full arrival of the high temperature, and in three days it will fall into ambush, which is the most unbearable." But no matter how sad it is, time will not stop, it is impossible to jump over, the key is the mentality. For the calligraphers and painters, they still have to insist on creating. The cold and summer experience is part of the life experience. Only by experiencing all kinds of tastes can we better understand life. Take a look at how ancient calligraphers used their creations to cool off. Because the twenty-four solar terms are cyclical, the writers and printers of different eras will eventually "meet" in a special way.
First of all, let's talk about the book Saint Wang Xizhi. He is a native of Linyi, Shandong. After birth, he spent four years there. In the first year of Jin Yongjia (307), Wang Xizhi moved south with his entire family to Huiji, Zhejiang, and spent his childhood in Shaoxing. After becoming an adult, Wang Xizhi successively served as secretary Of TheOry, General Ningyuan, Taishou of Yongjia Commandery, and Assassin of Jiangzhou. At about the age of 48, Wang Xizhi returned to Shaoxing to serve as a general of huijian neishi and the right army, and was thus revered by the world as "Wang Right Army". In the eleventh year of Jin Yonghe (355), the 52-year-old Wang Xizhi resigned as an official, and since then indulged in landscapes and rivers, because he was attracted by the beautiful scenery of Shengxian Waterfall Mountain, so he retreated here.
Eastern Jin Dynasty Wang Xizhi "The Great Hit"
If the north and south are distinguished by the geographical dividing line of the Qinling Mountains and the Huai River, Wang Xizhi's migration will change from a northerner to a southerner. Shandong has a warm temperate monsoon climate, with concentrated precipitation, rain and heat in the same season, short spring and autumn, and longer winter and summer. In contrast, he prefers a southern environment. Lanting is mountainous, "here there are lofty mountains, lush forests and bamboo, and there are clear streams of turbulence, reflecting the left and right", it will definitely be a summer resort. Su Shi said, "It is better to eat without meat than to live without bamboo", speaking the voice of the literati. Jin Dynasty celebrities generally liked bamboo, such as the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest" is the most typical.
Eastern Jin Dynasty Wang Xizhi "Today's Hot Post"
Among Wang Xizhi's codexes, there are some codexes that describe the heat of the day, such as "The Great Hot Post", "Today's Hot Post", "The Summer Post" and so on. Each person's physiological functions are different, and their feelings are very different. For Wang Xizhi, he is very sensitive to the hot weather, such as the "Big Hot Post" wrote: "It is hot, and the foot is late." I suffer from this fever. The forces are not one by one". "Today's Hot Post" records: "Today's hot is very hot, the feet will not be left behind, I am lacking, the strength is not possessed", and "Summer Post": "Summer Fever, deep feelings." Get the book, content to get tired. Poor food? dedicated. My ear. The fruit is not the end, the force is not the same. Judging from the Three Zhen Codex, Wang Xizhi's health was not very good, "I was lacking, I did not have the strength", "I was even suffering from this heat". The contents of the Codex are trivial and trivial things in daily life, written down by hand, and preserved to this day as art treasures. The biggest feature is the real nature, which allows you to glimpse the sentimentality of the Jin people. Men also wear makeup, Eguan Bo belt, take five stone powder, it is said to be able to relieve pain and drive cold, whitening and beauty, the side effect is hallucinations, just to make themselves flutter, showing the celebrity style.
Eastern Jin Dynasty Wang Xizhi's "Han Xia Ti" (Chunhua Ge Ti Fa Ti VII)
Behind Wang Xizhi, there is a huge family, both a cultural family and a power family, which is enough to affect the fate of a country. As far as calligraphy is concerned, cattle people gather together, the stars arch the moon, and finally achieve Wang Xizhi. Wang Xizhi has no authentic handwriting, and the engraving, facsimile, and linben have become the materials for understanding and learning the wang characters, but they have also left unlimited imagination space, "the dragon sees the beginning and does not see the end", and everyone can have their own understanding and play. From a certain point of view, the existence of no authentic deeds has greatly helped Wang Xizhi to become a book saint and increased the mystery. The enlightenment is that if you don't understand their living state and psychological state, there will always be a diaphragm in the study of Jin people's calligraphy. The flow between the lines of the words can only be understood, not expressed, condensed into a "rhyme" word. To truly understand, it is easy to talk about!
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a saying that "the king and the horse share the world". The "horse" here is the "Sima ". I think that in that year, Cao Cao dreamed more than once that "three horses are in the same groove", and misjudged that it was Ma Chao's family, but in fact, Sima Yi's father and son were three, and as a result, Jiangshan was taken away by the Sima family.
Of course, the Sima royal family was prominent and honorable. There are many capable people, but the general trend is that one generation is not as good as one generation. Sima Daozi was a Hanzi, the seventh son of Sima Yu, emperor of Jin, and the half-brother of Sima Yao, emperor of Jin, but his son Sima Yuanxian was defeated by Huan Xuan and was killed immediately. At the end of 402 AD, Yushi Du Zhulin killed Sima Daozi, who was exiled to Ancheng County, at the age of 39, with the title of "King Wenxiao", so the "Strange Summer Thesis" has this word, and the opening paragraph reads: "How is the different summer restoration?" The so-called "different summer" shows that this summer is more special, coupled with the appearance of "bitter abuse", so the feeling is similar to Wang Xizhi.
Eastern Jin Dynasty Sima Daozi 《異夏帖》
The chaos of the Six Dynasties of Wei and Jin made people have the feeling of "preferring to be a peaceful dog than a chaotic world", everything is too illusory, so metaphysics has risen. Life should be happy in time. In many ways, the five generations have similarities. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is another "chaotic world" after this. The representative figure of calligraphy in this period is Yang Fengzi, who pretends to be a mad escape. Its style of writing mainly adheres to the mantle of the second king. But what is interesting is that although there are only a few works left by Yang Ningshi in his life, they are different, the style span is very large, and there is no second person in the history of calligraphy. "Leek Flower Thesis" see "Lan Ting" style posture, thesis is the right vein, "Xia Re Ti" also takes Tang Liuxu's brushwork, the gestures fly, blend into one, the posture is majestic and dangerous, the pen is smooth and straight, there is a dashing atmosphere in the solemnity, the majestic and indulgent, the sharpness is shining, showing rich changes. It reads: "Xia's hot body is good to walk, drink long crispy water, that is, want to cause the Dharma seat, bitter □□□ the offering of milk, crisp seems to be inferior." □□□□□ Sick Pen", the last two lines have been damaged. To the effect that, due to the hot weather, the monks were given a summer drink "crispy water" as a greeting. It seems that the ancients also had their own way of enjoying it.
Five Generations of Yang Ningshi "Xia Retie"
The southern crossing of the Jin Dynasty became a watershed in the development of Chinese history. At this point, the political, economic and cultural centers have all moved south.
Compared with the unity and strength of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty is only half of the country. In this regard, the Northern Song Dynasty has similarities. Although the Song Dynasty adhered to political and cultural unity, its national strength could not be compared with that of the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty scholars were all high-ranking officials and senior officials, and although the Song Dynasty scholars were also officials, they were all the most lovely literati in the evaluation perspective of posterity. Even a very popular subject like Wang Anshi rarely regards him as an official.
Among the "Four Houses of Song", Su Shi was the largest official, but he and his student Huang Tingjian spent their lives either being degraded or on the way to being degraded. Mi Fu has only been a sesame petty officer. Cai Xiang's life is relatively stable, and it can also be felt from his book style. The "Jingju Thesis" wrote: "Jingju is fresh, there is no reason to write, and the first increase is the chi system." The state school is far away, and the special hand is also a banner, and the feeling is extreme! The sea is on the verge of heat, the autumn air is not clear, how can the prince move and be quiet? Sleep and eat self-respect to comfort the reverie. Make it back, just to thank you, not one by one. It can be seen that Cai Xiang greeted his friends and advised him to "sleep and eat self-respect to comfort his reverie." The irritability brought about by the summer heat turns into a breeze at the end of the pen, like the fine tea that relieves the heat, giving people a fresh and pleasant feeling, and the indifferent and open-minded disposition jumps on the paper.
Northern Song Dynasty Cai Xiang 《京居帖》
In general, Qing Dynasty calligraphers gradually diversified their roles, mainly in two categories: one is the official family, the calligraphy works in the pavilion, and the other is the scholar, addicted to the old paper pile of gold and stone evidence. On the whole, it uses the whole, especially the seal, and the style of writing is rigorous and orthodox. This fan was a collaboration between Zhao Jiyuan and Chongqi, and was jointly written to a third person, the "Three Brothers of Young Farmers in the Same Year", which is speculated to be Huang Zuluo (1837-1903) of the Ji'an people in Jiangxi Province, the third son of Huang Zantang, the governor of Guangdong in the late Qing Dynasty. Zhao Jiyuan wrote a book review: "The Book of the Song Dynasty can save the Jin Fa, but Xue Shaopeng Daozu. At the time of Gai Pi, Wu Lan Ting Miaoshi was in his home, so he wrote five pens and five pieces of poetry, pens and pens with the right military law, whether they were willing to take the Tang personality tone, that is, the Great Order was also not the same as this, deeper than the character scholars. Unfortunately, the heirs are few and true, and the heavens are purple and phoenix-eared. This volume is in the Dazai family of Lushui Village. Chongqi gave a poem: "The courtyard is deeply clear in summer, and the pomegranate is open all over the curtain." The trees are full of shade at noon, and the dream is flowing when the warblers sound. Black clouds turned over the ink and did not cover the mountains, and white rain jumped beads into the boat. The wind blows away suddenly, and the water under the lake is like the sky. Ten years of immortals collecting medicine hearts, the spring breeze is only in a quiet search. Nowadays, even if there is a meeting, it is not the peach blossom that is green. "Both authors are well-educated. Zhao Jiyuan (1828-1897) was Zhao Puchu's great-grandfather. Chongqi was the only bannerman in the Qing Dynasty. Although the two Xiaokai have traces of the pavilion, they can see the Tang Fa Song Yi from the words, and the skills are not bad, which shows that the ancients were to Han Mo, and the usual homework and rewards did not separate the family, and the temperament skills were seen. In your back-and-forth pen and ink game, the summer heat has been unconsciously forgotten.
After the late Qing Dynasty, the tendency of calligraphers to print people professionally became more and more obvious, resulting in the influence of commercialization of creations becoming more and more obvious, the most famous and most representative is the "Hai school".
Qing Zhao Jiyuan Fan Face Jia Shu Xiao Xia
Wu Changshuo is a big man of the "Hai Faction". His artistic status is established through his works and is difficult to shake. Although the trend of professionalization has emerged at this time, the focus is still on the quality of art, not on market goals. This is fundamentally different from the calligraphers and painters of later generations. Wu Changshuo is extremely diligent, and the fine prints of books continue to come out. "Chengcheng Room" is a stone drum text into the print, and it is a coarse Zhu script, which is very difficult to deal with and easy to be dull. Wu Changshuo is worthy of being a top master, and it is rare to see ethereal spirits in the thick and thick. The side paragraph reads: "The book signs the name of the tree, takes the name of The Sound of The Yin, takes yan qi room, and advises it to be the cure stone." Seventy-Seven Old Men, Gengshen Little Summer Festival". Nearly eighty years old can still carve such an imposing masterpiece, worthy of a generation of masters.
In modern times, Wu Changshuo is a room
Wu Changshuo and Da Zhi Weng had a lot of friendship, and wrote a lot of codexes for him, quite a lot of fine works. The codex that I saw read: "The rain bath is unprovoked, and the clothes are cold." The wine glass shrinks, and the mountains and seas look at it. Heaven is silent, and the day is full of sorrow. The Ming Dynasty was a good line, and the ship crossed the Xiaotan Beach. As large as Weng Shi in the car, it is also done as Yi Yun Qingzheng. Bing Yin is a little deaf. This is written by Mu Luyi Dazhi Weng Shiyun, now in Wu's hometown Huzhou Museum, the book was written in the year of Bing Yin (1926), when Wu Changshuo was 83 years old, that is, the year before his death. Although it is a small piece of scale, it has the potential to overwhelm the mountains and the sea. DaZhi Weng is Zhu Zongyuan (1875-1932), the character is strong, the word is long, do not sign Jiazhi, the late trumpet is Dazhi. Wu Changshuo met him in Suzhou in 1909, and the two of them talked about poetry very closely, and they knew each other, and they had a great sense of seeing each other and hating each other. After that, it was very close, and the poetry was frequently sung.
Modern Wu Changshuo Codex
Wu Changshuo was later elected as the first president of xiling printing society, and his reputation reached its peak. There are four founders of the society, among whom Ye Weiming, who is good at jinshi calligraphy and painting, and is proficient in seals. This Lishu Lian wrote: "Current events are difficult to ask the palace car and horse clothes, and there are birds, animals, insects and fish in the mountains and forests. "Condensed with a pen, the knot is rigorous, and the style is simple and simple."
Modern Ye Weiming Current Affairs Tour Guan Lian Jia Shu Xiao Xia
Another founder, Wang Fu'an, was also a diligent and prolific person, with a rich number of book prints and excellent quality, witnessing solid artistic skills. Here you can see the creation of One Linyi. The linzuo is Jin Wen's "Shi Yan Dun", which is meticulous, meticulous, round and thoughtful, and very emotional. The knots are flexible and varied, with curiosity, or on the side, or on the witty side, and the variety is breathtaking. Although the words are basically aligned with the words, the size, height, width and narrowness echo each other, and the concession is measured, which is the most natural and vivid. The content of the creation is Ban Gu's "Xi Du Fu": "Sui Nai is the wind lifting the clouds, floating and pu lan." Ride the Qinling Mountains in the front and cross the Nine Mountains in the back. East Bo Hehua, West Waqi Yong. The history of the palace hall has more than 100 districts, and the day and night of the line are not changed. The ceremony goes up and down to the mountains and rivers, and the use of the rest is blessed. The joy of the wandering child, the praise of the first subordinate. At the time of Yusi, they all looked at each other, and Yiyi belonged to each other. The country is based on the foundation of the tenth century, and the family inherits the inheritance of a hundred years. "Wang Fu'an Lishu often contains seal meaning, but it is a reference to the Miao Seal brushwork, and the rounded body of the Yi Seal character is square folded, and combined with the waves of the Lishu, the work is more ancient. The strokes also flutter slightly, especially the horizontal paintings and strokes, which are more old and spicy, and enhance the taste of gold and stone. The characters with fewer strokes are heavier, the pen path is thicker, and the words with dense strokes are thinner, forming a staggered and ups and downs effect. The dots in the glyphs are often processed into smaller dots, making the dense changes in the whole work extremely rich and more rhythmic.
In modern times, Wang Fu'an Shu Ban Gu "Xi Du Fu" 癸酉
In modern times, Wang Fu'an Lin", "Shi Shu Dun" Xin Wei Xiao Xia
Pan Boying, who also belongs to the "Hai School" and is a little later, finished the creation on the same day. The combination of pro-creation does not teach a day to idle. Speaking of essence, it is a truth to cultivate the land with farmers, and there must be a "good harvest" at the end of the year. For a bookkeeper, a "good harvest" is just a few satisfactory pieces, and that's it. The prologue is the Orchid Pavilion Preface. There is a sentence in the creation of the book: "The nine rounds of blindness are not a picture, and the gull friends are also long-lasting." Shame to the barbarian merchants, for the mourning of the government to pity the orphans, eight points have lost their own Amai, seven words when and the old. Career skills are all fallacious, and they need to learn nothing from the ape's den." The poetry is vast and has a compassion complex. Pan Boying has been immersed in the Erwang calligraphy style all his life, with a fresh style, refreshing and elegant style. Pan's canonical skills are the "flat painting and wide knots" of the Tang Dynasty, and all of them are incorporated into his cursive writing, and in his later period, he was mixed into zhangcao, and the development of the xionghun all the way to the style of writing, the old shen xiong into the fly, so that his later style of writing was different from the early days, and there was a major breakthrough in clumsiness.
Contemporary Pan Boying Pro "Orchid Pavilion Preface" Gengyin Xiaoxia
Contemporary Pan Boying "Using Chen To Recite Luo Jun" A gengyin xiaoxia
In addition to creation, appreciating and collecting is also the "only way to cool off". Wu Hufan's collection is numerous and exquisite, and it is also the most atmospheric. Wu Hufan is the grandson of Wu Dayi, whose grandson is handed over and envied by the viewer. Born in a family of eunuchs, Wu Da Yi was a qing dynasty official, and his collection of ji jin, ancient jade, calligraphy and paintings in his "Shu Zhai" was very rich, and he was a literary and artistic leader in the Jiangnan area. Wu Hufan has completely inherited the collection of Wu Dashi's Jinshi calligraphy and paintings, and built the "Meijing Book House", which has incisive identification, unique vision, disciples, and talents, and is a giant of the Chinese Jinshi Calligraphy and Painting Collection in recent times. It is worth mentioning that some of Wu Hufan's collections were completed together with his red pink confidant Zhou Junxia, with red sleeves adding incense and beads combined. What I saw was Wu Hufan's collection of Ouyang Inquiry's "Huadu Temple Stele", which was inscribed: "The translator of the stele will have his pen path exposed and stagnant, godless, and its erosion will be stronger." Although the true one is as vague as a cage and a light moon, he also has his own soul burning on the paper."
"Gengwu June obscure day and summer, looking at Li Chunhu Zang Weng Bao's "Huadu Temple Stele" two, feel that the dot painting spots are unnatural, out of this is a big difference to the god of light, I don't know what Mr. Qin Xi saw that day. The original manuscript of the new Yu Yongxing Book Zhencao "Thousand Character Text" is also a trace of the Hai Nei drama. Remembering this, the ink edge is not shallow. Ugly". The reason why there is "Four Opel Flutes" today is precisely thanks to Wu Hufan. The so-called "Four Ou Bao Di" refers to four representative works written by Ouyang Inquiry, such as "Huadu Temple Pagoda Inscription", "Jiucheng Palace Liquan Inscription", "Emperor Fu's Birthday Monument", and "Yu Gong Gong Monument". Without Wu Hufan's giant eyes, the "Huadu Temple Stele" is still "Song Tuo's engraving". As early as a hundred years ago, it had been judged "untrue" by Weng Fanggang, the largest authority in the Field of Qing Dynasty inscriptions, and it was Wu Hufan who made him "rehabilitate Zhaoxue".
Contemporary Wuhu Fan Ouyang Inquiry "Huadu Temple Stele"
Tan Zemin also belongs to the "Hai Sect", more accurately, "Sea Drift". The masthead of Wen Wei Po was written by Tan Shi and is still in use today. His brother Tan Yangui is the chairman of the National Government, but he does not want to be naked, he only wants to be a professional calligrapher and painter, not seeking fame and fortune, and the two styles of writing are also harmonious and different, which is really rare. At this point, the personality of the book writer does not need to be overemphasized at all, as long as he sticks to his own position, pays attention to his own preferences and mentality, and then writes out his true feelings. Easier said than done. The key is persistence. He Shaoji's lifelong copying has fully proved this point, and he has been in hundreds of posts in his lifetime, and each of them is still a pass, and more than a hundred passes. Tan Kunzhong has great respect for He Shaoji, a former sage. At the time of YingYin's small summer, Tan Zemin wrote the inscription of the "HengFang Monument", which reads: "Although Yu Treasure has this ink edge, he did not dare to keep it secret." As soon as this book is published, the learner borrows it as Tsuryō, and Shu can directly build Tokyo, without the loss of the wrong way? ”
Modern Tan Zemin Inscription He Shaoji Lin"HengFang Stele
It is better to enjoy the summer than to be afraid of the heat, it is better to fade the impetuousness, find a quiet place, and the heart is quiet and naturally cool. If the heart is quiet, the impetuousness is gone. The calligrapher's little summer can be different, even if it is extraordinary, it may not be quiet. Quiet efforts, quiet harvests.
Editor-in-Charge: Li Mei
Proofreader: Luan Meng