The Chinese people are good Maxima, especially love the sweat and blood BMW, like its majestic body, love its daily travel thousands of miles, but also deeply fascinated by the legend of its sweating like blood, this time let us decipher the legend of the sweat and blood BMW.
Where is the sweat and blood BMW now?
Horses can be divided into four categories according to body size: type I horses are mostly produced in northwestern Europe, between 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters tall, can live in forest areas, can tolerate moisture; type II horses live in the Nordic sub-plateau region, height between 1.4 meters and 1.5 meters, strong physique, resistant to cold; type III horses live in Central Asia, the tallest, belong to the steppe horse; type IV horses are produced in West Asia, shorter in stature, drought tolerant.
Prairie horse
The scientific community generally believes that the "Akhal tejin horse" that exists in Turkmenistan (hereinafter referred to as Turkmen) today is the "sweat and blood BMW" in the population of the country, and its stock is about 3,000. The Akhaltkin horse is native to the Ahar oasis between the Turkmen Kopet Ridge and the Karakum Desert and belongs to the Type III horse. Type III horses are usually tall and fit, mostly produced in Central Asia, heat-resistant, and adult horses are about 1.5 meters tall. The sweat-blooded BMW that exists in the Akhal tekin Stallion in Turkey is tall and graceful, with a thin head and neck, slender limbs, and thin skin, which is an absolute "beautiful man" in the genus of horses.
Akhaltkin Horse
Sweat blood BMW has super endurance and instantaneous explosive power, according to Turkish experts, sweat blood BMW ran 1000 meters in only 67 seconds, there were 84 days to run 4300 kilometers of record. In 1986, in the Arc de Triomphe Cup race in Paris, the winning Akhaltkin stallion "Dansinger Brieve" was sold for $50 million, setting a record high ever. Sweat and blood BMW is fiery, full of spirit, and belongs to the hot blood horse. The warm blood, warm blood, and cold blood here do not refer to the body temperature of the horse, but are classified by the personality and temperament of the horse. Hot-blooded horses are impatient, fast, and usually can be used as racehorses. Cold-blooded horses are calm, quiet, and often used as a horsepower tool. Warm-blooded horses are somewhere between hot and cold and are the protagonists of today's equestrian performances.
The Akhalt golden horse is a national treasure of the Turkish state and is painted with the national emblem of the Turkish state. Every year on the last Sunday of April is the traditional "Horse Racing Festival" of Turkey, where horse racing enthusiasts from all over the world gather to experience the charm of sweat and blood BMW.
What are the legends about sweat and blood BMW?
The legend of the sweat and blood BMW first began in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, when Zhang Qian, the envoy of the Han Dynasty, sent two missions to the Western Regions to bring information about the countries of the Western Regions, including the legend of the Dawan BMW.
The Book of Han records that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "got Wusun Ma good, and his name was" "Tianma". And dewan sweat blood horse, Yizhuang, renamed Wusun Ma yue "West Pole Horse", Wan Ma Yue "Tianma" cloud. "Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty loved horses as he was destined, and at first he got the good horses of the Wusun Kingdom (located in the southeast of Lake Balkhash and the Ili River Valley) to call them "Tianma", and then he got the more majestic horses of the Dawan Kingdom (located in the western foothills of the Pamir, on the Syr Darya River, and in the middle reaches), so he renamed the Wusun horse the West Pole Horse, and the Dawan Horse was called the Tianma Horse. The "Pegasus" here is commonly known as the Sweat blood BMW.
Works by Yao Dixiong
The process of Emperor Wu of Han's quest for a BMW can be described as a series of twists and turns: in 113 BC, Emperor Wu's puppet was a sweat-and-blood BMW, and he composed the "Song of Taiyi" with great joy. Later, Emperor Wu heard that "Wanbeiyi has more than seventy cities, many good horses." Horse sweat blood, said that its innate horse is also", so he sent the envoy to Dawan with thousands of gold and golden horses to exchange sweat and blood BMW. King Wan coveted the treasures of the Han envoys but refused to sacrifice the BMW, causing the Han envoys to rob and kill their treasures. Emperor Wu of Han was furious and sent a large army to attack the Kingdom of Dawan twice, and the nobles of Dawan were terrified, killing the king of Wan, and sacrificing dozens of horses with sweat and blood.
Since then, legends about sweat and blood BMWs have been common.
The "Horse Flying Swallow" unearthed in modern times was created by the people of the Eastern Han Dynasty based on the sweat and blood horse, which galloped on four hooves, stepped on the dragon and finches, hissed neck and came to life, and was a treasure of ancient sculpture art in China.
"Ma Ta Fei Yan"
The "Shivachi" in the Six Horses of Zhaoling is a sweat and blood BMW. Emperor Taizong of Tang praised him as "the stream is not quiet, the axe is Shenwei, the Zhu Khan is on the foot, and the Qingjing is kaigui". Under the axe and watching Zhu Khan's feet, this heroic sweat and blood BMW was as fast as lightning in the middle of the ten thousand armies, Li Shimin was able to save his life, and Shivachi died of exhaustion after the war.
Zhaoling Liujun "Shivachi" mural
Tang Xuanzong's "Jade Flower Horse" and "Illuminated Night White" are more sought after by many literati and inkers, "The first emperor Tianma Jade Flower Horse, the painting work is as different as the mountain", these two sweat and blood BMW are immortal in the pen of the literati and inkers for thousands of years.
The Chinese people love horses, especially love sweat and blood, horses are one of the totems of the Chinese nation, the name of sweat and blood is sung from generation to generation, and the shape of the pegasus is inscribed by the world.
What is the cause of sweat and blood?
"Sweat blood" as the name suggests: sweat blood BMW will shed bright red sweat when running. Imagine the sweat and blood horse galloping in the sunset, like a bright red satin flowing freely, like a frightening, shaped like a dragon! It is no wonder that countless famous generals and emperors love this horse. Although the sweat and blood BMW still exists, the scientific community lacks a unified explanation for the sweat blood, the main reason is that "the BMW still exists, the sweat blood is no longer". Even in Turkmenistan, it is difficult to find a BMW that can still be "sweaty", so we can only glimpse one or two of them from the records of the predecessors.
The Book of History and Music records that Emperor Wu of Han "tasted the water of the god Ma Wowa again, and repeatedly thought that it was the Song of Taiyi", which said: "Taiyi Gong Is under the heavenly horse, and the sweat is wet and ochre." Chengrong and Xi Wanli, now Anpi Xilong as friends. Emperor Wu of Han described this horse as "sweating like blood on its body", and a generation of male masters will not falsify this matter, which shows that he has indeed witnessed the phenomenon of "sweat and blood". The Eastern Han Dynasty scholar Ying Shao made a detailed commentary on the sweat and blood horse in the Book of Han and the Chronicle of Emperor Wu: "Dawan used to have a pedigree species, and the sweat of the stone was sweaty, and the sweat came out of the front shoulder like blood, and the number was thousands of miles a day." Many scholars, poets, and even foreign travelers in later generations have used the idea that sweat and blood flow from the shoulders. From this, we can draw two conclusions: the phenomenon of sweat and blood does exist; sweat and blood BMW is only local "sweat blood" rather than whole body "sweat blood".
This is a very interesting phenomenon, sweat and blood are only found in a few parts of the BMW! Why is the sweat on the shoulder significantly different from other sweats? Could it be that there is some amazing secret about the shoulders of sweat and blood BMW?
1. The sick horse said
With the continuous development of science and technology, scientists have come up with an explanation. A parasite called parafilaria polyartemis is the culprit that causes sweat and blood, this parasite forms blood scabs under the host skin, round blood scabs will appear in a short period of time and quickly cause skin rupture and bleeding, the horse's running process usually speeds up this process, blood beads are similar to the shape of sweat beads, so it is called sweat diaphorosis.
Parafilaria
Pathogenic mastoid parafilaria, parasitized in the subcutaneous tissue and intermuscular connective tissue of horses, adult worms are white-lined, mature female worms in the subcutaneous tissue, with the tip of the skin puncture and damage the microvascular caused by bleeding, and then lay eggs in blood droplets, blood accumulates under the skin to form nodules, after a few hours the female worms puncture the skin at the top of the nodule and lay eggs, the eggs flow out of the small holes with the blood. After a few minutes or hours, the larvae hatch from within the eggs. When a blood-sucking fly bites a horse, it swallows the filarial larvae with the blood and infects other horses with the next bite. The onset of the disease is usually determined by the distribution of vampire flies, and transmission begins in April each year, with a high incidence period from July to August and complete disappearance in winter.
The legendary Dawan Ancient Kingdom has a sacred mountain, and there is a sacred lake under the mountain, and all the wild horses that drink water here have become sweaty and bloody pegasus. It is not difficult to imagine that it was a parasitic disease that caused the Akhal tejin horse there to be infected with "sweat and sweat disease", and the early herders had difficulty understanding the "sweat and blood" and thought that it was a miracle of heaven, and the name pegasus came from this.
2. Illusion says
In Turkmenistan, the hometown of the modern Akhal Tejin horse, there is the best sweat-blood BMW breeding team. Whenever there is a Chinese ask the Turkish experts about the truth of "sweat and blood", the answer is always due to "the horse's skin is thinner, when running, the blood flow in the blood vessels is easy to be seen, its shoulder and neck sweat glands are developed, the horse sweats often first tide and then wet, for the horse with jujube red or maroon hair, the local color will appear more vivid after sweating, giving people the illusion of 'bleeding'", in short, "you are wrong".
The answer of the Turkish experts is obviously abrupt and unthinking, how can the Chinese people's recitation of the thousand years of sweat and blood be prevaricated with a sentence of "visual error"? Did the ancestors read it wrong? The author believes that this actually just supports the "sick horse theory", only in the environment with relatively poor sanitary conditions will there be parasitic diseases, the Akhal Tejin horse of Turkey is unlikely to get "sweat diaphoresis", even if there are Turkish experts have seen "sweat diaphoresis", it is difficult for them to associate the blood beads of blood scab rupture with the "sweat like blood" in the national population. Therefore, considering the environmental and humanistic factors, the "thin skin theory" not only cannot negate the "sick horse theory", but is a strong evidence of the "sick horse theory".
What is the true meaning of sweat and blood?
There are long records of sweating in China, and tang zonghai's book "Blood Evidence" in the Qing Dynasty believes that "sweating" is caused by overwork. In the 1940s, De xiaoqian's "Book of the Former Han Dynasty of Ban Gu Shou Xiu" also recorded "sweat and sweat disease", and he believed that sweat and blood horses were only caused by horse diseases. De Xiaoqian is an American Chinese language scholar, this old beauty has quite an ambition, not only to win the title of Chinese language scholar, but also to proofread Ban Gu's "Book of Han", but also inadvertently, dragonfly like a little water to unveil the mystery of the "sweat and blood BMW", puncture the lie of the Chinese for more than 2,000 years, and its profound Deeds can be seen.
The author consulted many materials, but all the documents that revealed the sweat and blood horse could not but quote the original text in Lao De's "Book of the Former Han Dynasty repaired by Bangu", which attributed the sweat and blood BMW to a sick horse, which was the blind worship of the ancients. However, the author can't help but ask: In the past, it is not only the Akhalter golden horse that has been plagued by "sweat and sweat disease", a large number of cattle, horses and livestock are the hosts of parafilaria, why has there not been a legend of "sweat blood cattle" and "sweat blood Mongolian horse"? Why is it that only the "sweat and blood BMW" will be popular and loved by civilian generals and heroic emperors? Why is it that only Chinese BMWs have "sweat blood", while other countries do not know the term "sweat blood"? Did Lao De, who was devoted to the cultivation of the Book of Han, ever think about these questions?
The author believes that there are three reasons:
1. The Akhal Tejin Horse has a beautiful posture and conforms to the aesthetics of the Chinese people.
A tall, long-necked horse with three or two faint blood stains has a shocking magnificence in itself, which can attract countless heroes to bend their waists. Imagine a Mongolian short-legged horse or an old cattle, with blood stains on its skin and no beauty to speak of, where will anyone pursue it? It is even more impossible to enter the eyes of those literati rioters. Therefore, it is an eternal truth that human beings yearn for good things.
Xu Beihong's "Eight Juntu"
2. Cater to the preferences of the emperor and come to the dynasty from all directions.
Emperor Wu of Han loved the Heavenly Horse, and just after divination, "the Divine Horse Came from the Northwest", someone immediately offered a Heavenly Horse, this horse is not enough to be majestic and mighty, it is best to match it with some strangeness, then the skill of "sweat and blood" comes in handy. Since Emperor Wudi of han liked it, no one would risk killing his head and say to the emperor, "My family's pigs are also sweaty and bloody", and if they don't die, they won't die, and the old ancestors also understand. Since Emperor Wu of Han liked it, the scholar had one more way to offer treasures to the emperor, so the scholar also liked it. Sweat and blood BMW can not only make the emperor experience the happiness of coming from all directions, but also enhance national self-esteem, once the gears of interests turn, how can it be stopped?
Deterrence
3. Literati rioters rush to sing, and their words are straight and direct.
Emperor Wu of Han first made "Song of Taiyi" and then "Song of Heavenly Horse" to express his chest, and the heroic Emperor Wudi revealed a rather humanistic side in front of the sweat and blood horse. Since then, a number of famous artists such as Li Du of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Zhongsu of the Song Dynasty, and Zhang Li of the Southern Dynasty have written poems describing sweat and blood BMW, and there are countless Chinese painting ink treasures about sweat and blood BMW. Whether the famous artists have seen sweat and blood is unknown, but the author can be sure that they do not need to examine the evidence and are not rare in the truth, the important thing is the fake lyricism, the important thing is to shout out their voice under the pretext of sweat and blood BMW. The sky is full of horses, the spirit of dragon horses, and the sweat and blood BMW have long been integrated into the soul of the nation, so the voice of horse disease has been ignored intentionally or unintentionally for thousands of years.
After half a day of examination, I found that the problem returned to the original point, a beautiful misunderstanding caused a thousand years of legend, the ancestors have long discovered the truth of the story, but they just smiled and recited the legend. The true meaning of this needs to be inherited by blood, and can a foreign Chinese linguist make up his mind lightly? Sometimes, revealing phenomena does not necessarily touch the essence. When reading history, we must not only read stories, we must not only criticize the people and fools in the revision of history, and later generations of literati should not blindly follow the trend by quoting classics. When we forget the evidence, forget the pathology, silently recite the name of sweat and blood, and outline in our hearts the exuberant posture of Ma Ta Feiyan, the loyalty of the red rabbit crying blood hunger strike, and the bravery and fearlessness of Shiva's naked body who died of several arrows, you will find that the sweat and blood BMW is not only Akhal tegin, but also a collection of the beautiful qualities of the Chinese people over the past thousand years.
Sweat and blood BMW is a totem, but also ourselves.
Author: Wang Ye