In the production process of edible mushrooms, it may encounter the infection of red moths, which have a great impact on the production of yellow-backed fungus, with a wide range of hazards, rapid reproduction, and difficulty in prevention and control, resulting in serious losses to mushroom farmers.
What should I do if the fungus is infected with Streptomyces during the germination period?
What is Streptomyces erythrocytes?
Streptomyces, also known as pulsosporus and powdery mildew, is a common hybrid in the process of edible mushroom stick germination. On the contaminated bacteria stick culture medium, the initial growth of gray-white or yellow-white fibrous bacterial filaments, hyphae are cotton-like, and after a few days, they quickly become orange-red or pink powdery mold layers, which are fluffy and powdery, and the mold layer at the inoculation mouth of the bacteria stick or the micropores of the bag can be as thick as 1 cm.
What is Streptomyces red
Hazards of Streptomyces rediss:
Streptomyces is extremely harmful, second only to the green mold its colonies are initially white, powdery, and then hairy, the hyphae are translucent, there are branches, the separation spreads to the surroundings of the aerophytic hyphae irregularly grow in the material Conidia are initially light blue, and then gradually transform into orange-red Streptomyces suitable for high temperature and high humidity season propagation, 23 days to complete a generation of pink conidia for powder The number of large individuals floating in the air with the air flow spreads around, and can also enter the culture room with human clothing tools, and the transmission force is extremely strong.
Edible mushroom disinfectant
Wide range of hazards: in a wide temperature range of 5 °C ~ 35 °C, it can reproduce on various culture media, especially in sugar-rich culture media is the most likely to occur.
Reproduction is coming fast: under high temperature and high humidity conditions, yellow or pink conidia can be formed in a day and night, breaking through the mouth of the bag or bag, conidia spread everywhere with the wind, in the case of a low incidence of streptomyces spp., if you do not grasp the prevention and control to eliminate the source of infection, within a few days, the incidence of Streptomyces spp. may rapidly develop to 20% to 30% or even higher.
Serious loss: Where the bags contaminated with Streptomyces are contaminated, most of the high level of disease is the whole bag of pollution, resulting in batches of bags being eliminated.
Difficulty in prevention and control: It is difficult to control once it occurs in a large area. The thick-walled spores of Streptomyces can survive for many years on the floor, walls, roofs, soils and mushroom racks of culture rooms, mushroom chambers and mushroom farms, making it very difficult to eradicate. However, if it is not completely cured, the third year of the second year can still bring harm.
Prevention and control strategies of Streptomyces: According to the prevalence of Streptomyces, preventive and comprehensive control measures should be taken. If Streptomyces has already occurred in pieces, it is difficult to control it. Preventive measures refer to the elimination or cutting off of the source of primary infection. These sources of infestation are mainly in the cultivation scraps that have not been treated in time and in various culture media that have not been thoroughly sterilized; In addition, streptomyces are also present in the remnants of mushroom farms with a history of streptomyces, soil, ground, walls, roofs in the room, mushroom racks and air. Integrated control measures refer to the application of physical, chemical, biological and agricultural measures to control Streptomyces.
In the production of edible mushrooms, once the bacteria are contaminated, it will directly cause cultivation failure, so the microorganisms in each production link are strictly controlled. Although disinfection work is very important, most edible mushroom producers are not very aware of the scientific principles of disinfection and sterilization and the advantages and disadvantages of various disinfection methods, so it is impossible to formulate an effective disinfection system, resulting in daily disinfection work being more casual and the disinfection effect not ideal. Edible mushroom production and disinfection needs to first understand the disinfection requirements of each link and the advantages of disinfection methods, and then choose the most appropriate program.
Tissue Culture Laboratory:
The edible mushroom culture laboratory and the inoculation room are the most critical links, and the sterile inoculation studio and the sterile ultra-clean workbench are required, which can greatly reduce the risk of contamination during tissue culture operations and sterile culture. Spporidic work is carried out every 1-2 weeks in the laboratory and inoculation intervals, and the sporadic agent is evenly sprayed to kill mold and other bacteria in the space, and the level of colonies is controlled. Ozone and ultraviolet light are more common microbial control methods, is an effective way to control microorganisms on a daily basis, but it should be noted that these two methods are mainly controlled, which is effective for the killing efficiency of spores, and should be treated with special splericides every 1-2 weeks. About formaldehyde fumigation. Formaldehyde fumigation is a commonly used method of space disinfection, but formaldehyde is highly toxic and has a strong carcinogenic effect on the human body, so it should be used with caution. The ecological sterilization method is 3% OCTEX solution, evenly sprayed, 10 ml/m3. Can achieve the effect of complete sposporide, Octex colorless and odorless, ecological spore agent, no harm to the human body and plants.
Worktop and appliance sterilization:
Sterile operating tables, inoculation machines, vaccination guns and other utensils need to be strictly disinfected and sterilized. Currently commonly used is 75% alcohol, soaked or wiped to disinfect. Alcohol has a better bactericidal effect and no residue, is currently the most commonly used disinfection method, but alcohol only has a better disinfection effect at a concentration of 75%, alcohol is volatile, the concentration drop after the bactericidal effect is sharply reduced, so the actual use of alcohol is not ideal, storage and cost is also higher. Compared with 75% alcohol, the use of 2% Octex solution has a higher sterilization effect, and has an efficient killing effect on fungi, mold, bacteria and other miscellaneous bacteria. Octex is long-lasting and stable, the decline in composition has almost no effect on the bactericidal efficacy, and it is also ecologically residue-free and can completely replace alcohol. Octex can be disinfected by soaking, spraying, wiping and other methods, which has an advantage over alcohol in terms of sterilization efficacy, storage and cost of use.
Disinfection of pre-cooling workshops (cooling chambers):
The sterilized bottle or bag should be autoclaved and then entered the cooling chamber for cooling. The bag is easily contaminated by bacteria in the outside air during the cooling process, so the pre-cooling workshop (cooling chamber) needs to be strictly disinfected. The traditional disinfection method is formaldehyde fumigation or chlorine powder smoke disinfection, formaldehyde fumigation effect is better, but formaldehyde is highly toxic, fumigation requires a long time after ventilation, which is easy to bring secondary pollution, but also delay normal production. Can use 2% Octex solution, dose 10ml / m3, sprayed evenly, to achieve fumigation and disinfection effect, sterilization effect is better than formaldehyde and powder smoke, and Octex does not have any toxicity and residue, after disinfection can be entered and used immediately, to ensure the health and work efficiency of the staff.
Disinfection of the mushroom room:
Use 2% Octex solution, dose 10 ml/m3, spray evenly.
Hand sanitization of personnel:
Disinfect hands with 2% Octex solution and wash their hands directly or spray onto their hands.