The article "Shangshu Yugong", judging from the title, means "tribute in the Dayu period", in fact, the geographical scope involved in the article has long exceeded the geographical cognitive scope of the Xia and Shang dynasties, but the geography of the late Warring States period. Legend has it that after controlling the water, Dayu turned China into Kyushu, "the traces of the vast Yu, painted as Kyushu". The specific scope of this Kyushu is not known, and the later Kyushu also changed with the continuous expansion of the territory. The Zhou Li Xia Guan Zhi Fang Clan (周礼· Xiaguan Zhifang Clan) says: "Southeast Yue Yangzhou", "Zhengnan Yue Jingzhou", "Henan Yue Yu Zhou", "Zhengdong Yue QingZhou", "Hedong Yue Yan Zhou", "ZhengXi Yue Yong Zhou", "Northeast Yue Youzhou", "Hanoi Yue Ji Prefecture", "Zhengbei Yue Hezhou". It is roughly the same as in Yugong, except that there is no "hezhou" and "Youzhou" in Yugong, but more "Xuzhou" and "Liangzhou". In "Lü's Spring and Autumn, There is a Beginning, There is a Beginning", Kyushu and the geographical location of various countries are combined: "What is Kyushu? Between he and Han is Yuzhou, Zhou ye. Between the two rivers is Jizhou, Jinye. Between The River and Ji are Yanzhou and Weiye. In the east, Qingzhou, Qi also. Sishang is Xuzhou, Luye. To the southeast is Yangzhou, Yueye. To the south is Jingzhou, Chu also. In the west, Yongzhou, Qin also. To the north is Youzhou, Yan also. ”
Warring States Territory
Located west of the Yellow River, north of the Yellow River, equivalent to today's Shanxi and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, it belonged to the Jin state and the Yan state at that time.
It is loaded with pot mouth, zhiliang and qi. As for Yue Yang, qin Huaijie, and hengzhang. The soil is only white soil, the endowment is only wrong, and the field is only in the middle. Heng and Wei are subordinate, and the mainland is doing. The island is dressed in leather clothes and clips the right stone into the river.
Here from Hukou (the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi) through Liang (Lüliang Mountain) and its branches, to Taiyuan (around ancient Shanxi), Yueyang (south of Yueshan, referring to southern Shanxi), Qinhuai (today's Jiaozuo area, is the source of the Zhanghe River), and finally the North China Plain, the Hengshui River in the Hai River Basin, into the Yellow River at Jieshi (not today's Jieshi). "Lü's Spring and Autumn": "Between the two rivers is Jizhou, Jinye." The two rivers here refer to the Yellow River and Jishui, while Heng and Wei are tributaries of Zhangshui. The soil quality here belongs to the upper class, while the field is middle to middle grade.
Other versions separate the area around the Yan kingdom (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region) as Youzhou, so ancient Beijing was also called "Youyan". "Lü's Spring and Autumn": "The north is Youzhou, Yan also." ”。 "Zhou Li": "Northeast Youzhou." "During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the whole country was reduced to thirteen prefectures, of which Youzhou belonged, and the administrative scope included Yuyang, Shanggu, Youbeiping, Liaoxi, Liaodong, Xuanju, Lelang and other counties, that is, the territory of the Yan state and the Korean Peninsula. The Tang Dynasty placed Youzhou Jiedu to defend the Khitans, and during the Tang Xuanzong period, An Lushan used this as a base for rebellion. Later, Jin Shi Jingyao ceded the Khitan with youji sixteen prefectures, and the following year the Khitan took Youzhou as Nanjing. After the unification of the Song Dynasty, several important wars occurred between the Khitan and the Khitan in order to recover youxian Sixteen Prefectures, but all of them failed. After the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao, it took Yan as the capital and called it "Yanjing". After the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties until now, this is the capital.
In the Zhou Li, there is the concept of "merging states". "Due North and State". Equivalent to today's Shanxi Province. Emperor Yuanfeng of the Han Dynasty set up the Prefecture Assassin History Department in his middle age, which was one of the thirteen prefectures, leading nine counties, including Taiyuan, Shangdang, Xihe, Yunzhong, Dingxiang, Yanmen, Shuofang, Wuyuan, and Shangjun. In the Song Dynasty, it was the "Hezhou Road".
In the middle of Jishui (present-day Yellow River) and the ancient Yellow River (present-day canal). Its main country is the Guardian State. "Lü's Spring and Autumn": Between He and Ji is Yanzhou, Wei Ye. It corresponds to today's northern Shandong and southeastern Hebei. The Yugong mentions that the tributaries here have hao and depression, and the lakes have thunder and xia. Silkworms and lacquerware are produced here.
"Jihe Wei Yanzhou." The Nine Rivers are both the way, the Leixia is the Ze, and the Hao and the Depressed are the same. Mulberry soil is both silkworm and descending mound dwelling soil. Black graves, grass, woods. Yu Tian Wei zhongxia, 厥富贞, do ten for three years is the same. 厥恭漆丝, 厥篚织文. Floating in Ji, Luo, da Yu River. ”
Yanzhou was officially established as an administrative division when Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty established the Thirteen Prefectures. The administrative office is located in Puyang, with jurisdiction over the six counties of Shanyang (汴丘, 橐县, etc.), Dong County, Chen Liu, Jiyin, Taishan, and Dongping. In the eleventh year (35) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yanzhou was seated in Changyi (present-day Changyi Town, Juye County, Heze City, Shandong), and had jurisdiction over eight counties, namely Chenliu, Dongjun, Rencheng, Taishan, Jibei, Shanyang (present-day Yanzhou, shanyang county, and the administrative seat was in the urban area of Juye County, Heze City), Jiyin, and Dongping, which were roughly in the eastern and western parts of present-day Shandong and eastern Henan. During the Three Kingdoms period, the Yanzhou region belonged to Wei. After Cao Cao took over Jizhou, in order to expand his sphere of influence, he reduced other states and incorporated them into Jizhou, but the yanzhou jurisdiction remained unchanged and still had eight counties under its jurisdiction. Only the Han Dynasty Chen Liu was changed to Chen Liuguo, and the Rencheng State was changed to Rencheng County. In the early Sui Dynasty, the previous system was followed, and emperor Wen of Sui opened the emperor for three years (583), "abolishing the system of counties and xingzhou counties". In the second year of the Sui Dynasty Emperor Daye (606), the Yan Prefecture of Flawed Hills was changed to Lu County, which led to ten counties. The Tang Dynasty restored Yanzhou, and Yanzhou was promoted to the capital of the capital. After the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, the scope of Yanzhou continued to shrink, and it was already subordinate to Jining, and after the new China, Yanzhou was reduced to a county.
Roughly the Shandong Peninsula, it belonged to the State of Qi in ancient times. "Lü's Spring and Autumn": "The east is Qingzhou, Qi Ye." It is said here that Qingzhou is located "between the sea and the dai", the sea is the sea, and the dai refers to the Taishan. Du Fu had "How about Dai Zongfu?" Qilu Qingwei. "Mount Tai is a sacred mountain sacrificed in the east in ancient times, and it is also the boundary mountain between the Qi and Lu states. The ancient Shandong Peninsula was inhabited by the Dongyi people, Ma Yue: 嵎, 海嵎也; 夷, Laiyi also. "Lai is the eastern part of the Shandong Peninsula, and in ancient times there was the State of Eastern Lai, which was destroyed by the State of Qi. Wei and Zi are two rivers that are the source of today's "Weifang" and "Zibo". Through Wenshui, you can reach Jishui (ancient Yellow River). Salt, silk fabrics, minerals are produced here. Therefore, the State of Qi has the power of fish and salt, developed industry and commerce, and is a big country.
Haidai Wei Qingzhou. Weiyi is both strategic, Wei and Ziqi. White graves, widely denounced on the seashore. The field is only up and down, and the endurance is up and down. The salt is salty, and the sea is wrong. Dai silk, orange, lead, pine, strange stone. Vegetables are pastored. □ silk. Floating in Wen, Da Yu Ji.
The first division of Qingzhou was the Western Han Dynasty, which established the History of Qingzhou Thorns, one of the thirteen state histories of thorns. It has been passed down through the ages. The Tang Dynasty set up the Qingzhou Governorate to administer Qingzhou, Zizhou, Qizhou, Mizhou, Laizhou, and Dengzhou. During the Song Dynasty, the jurisdiction of Qingzhou began to shrink, under the jurisdiction of: Yidu County, Linzi County, Shouguang County, Qiancheng County, Linqu County, Boxing County, under the jurisdiction of Jingdong East Road. The Qing Dynasty changed its name to Jinan Prefecture, while the original Qingzhou continued to shrink. New China establishes Qingzhou City (county level)
Ancient Xuzhou refers to the Surabaya Basin, the Luguo region south of Mount Tai. "Lü's Spring and Autumn": "Sishang is Xuzhou, Lu Ye." "Yu Gong": "Hai, Dai and Huaiwei Xuzhou", defining the scope of Xuzhou from Mount Tai to the Huai River, which is now Lunan and northern Jiangsu. Mainly the Huai River system, Surabaya, Yishui is its tributary. Seeds can be sown around Mt. Mongsan and Hayama. Manufacture of seafood and textiles.
Hai, Dai and Huaiwei Xuzhou. Huai, Yi Qi, Meng, Yu Qiyi, Ohno both pigs, Higashihara Kihei. The soil is red and the grass and trees are gradually wrapped. Yu Tian is only in the middle, and The middle is in the middle of the fu. The five colors of the earth, Yu Gong Xia Zhai, Yiyang Gutong, Sibin Floating Chi, Huaiyi Worm Beads and Fish. 篚篚玄 fiber, 缟. Floating in Huai, Si, up to the river.
Map of Ancient Kyushu
Xuzhou people. "Interpretation of the Name" said: Xu, Shu also, earthy soothing also. Its land is east to the sea, north to Dai, south and Huai. The Zhou Dynasty destroyed yin shang, supervised the second generation and profited and lost, and the officials were divided. Xuzhou was incorporated into Qingzhou. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao moved the Xuzhou Assassin Department to Pengcheng, which was called Xuzhou from the beginning. In the early Tang Dynasty, the names of Xuzhou and Pengcheng County were exchanged many times, and in the middle and late period, they were the seats of Jiedushi. Xuzhou here is actually just a city, not a region. The scope of Xuzhou in ancient times was far larger than the scope of Xuzhou City today.
"Lü's Spring and Autumn": "The southeast is Yangzhou, Yueye." ”。 It shows that Yangzhou is mainly a southeast region, which was then a Yue state, which is today's Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas. "YuGong": "Huaihai only Yangzhou", only Yangzhou range is the Huai River to the sea. It mentions several place names, Peng Li (ancient Peng Li, not Poyang Lake, but a large lake in the north of Anqing), Sanjiang (where it is unknown, may refer to the Yangtze River, Han River, Ganjiang River, all of which join Pengli), Zhenze (Taihu Lake). It produces teeth, leather, feathers, hair, etc. Dongyi is inhabited here, with birds as totems, "Bird Yi Huifu", and also produces orange grapefruit, and there are tin mines (Wuxi actually has tin mines).
Huaihai only Yangzhou. Peng Li is both a pig and a yang bird. The three rivers are in, and the earthquake is determined. Shinobi is both shinobi, grass is only dying, and wood is only qiao. The soil is only mud. Yu Tian is only down, yu fu is down, up is wrong. Gong Wei Jin Sanpin, Yao, Kun Xiao, Zhen, Tooth, Leather, Feather, Mao Wei Wood. Bird Yi Hui suit. Obi woven shellfish, obi orange grapefruit, Sigon. Along the river and sea, up to Huaihuai and Si.
The formal establishment of administrative districts in Yangzhou also began with emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty setting up thirteen prefectures, and Yangzhou administered Lujiang County, Jiujiang County, Huiji County, Danyang County, Yuzhang County, and Lu'an Guo south of the Huai River. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the scope of Yangzhou continued to shrink. In the eighth year (625) of Tang Gaozu Wude, he moved the yangzhou seat from Danyang to Jiangbei, thus completing the basic unification of the name division and geographical location of the historical Yangzhou and today's Yangzhou. In the first year of Emperor Taizong of Tang's reign (627), the country was divided into 10 provinces, and Yangzhou belonged to Huainan Province. In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (742), Yangzhou was renamed Guangling Commandery (廣陵郡). In the first year of Emperor Suzong's reign (758), Guangling County was restored to Yangzhou.
"Lü's Spring and Autumn": "The south is Jingzhou, Chu ye." In ancient times, the State of Chu was also called jingguo, Jingchu, which is said in the Book of Poetry and Shang Ode, "Jingchu, a wei woman, lives in the south of the country." Jing, now known as Mu Jing, was also known as Chu in ancient times, and was used to do torture and whip prisoners. The Chu state originated in Jingshan (probably rich in Vitex). "YuGong": "Jing and Hengyang only Jingzhou", from Jingshan to the south of Hengshan as Jingzhou. In fact, in ancient times, Hengshan mountain was Henan Funiu Mountain, and during the Warring States period, Hengshan was already the Hengshan Mountain in today's Hunan, which may be related to the southward migration of the Miao barbarian people. The main rivers are the Yangtze River, Han River, Tuo River and Qianjiang River. There is a large lake Yun Mengze, in today's Wuhan area, although it has disappeared, but there are still many remains, so Wuhan is the city of a thousand lakes. The production is similar to that of Yangzhou, but there is a famous "Bao Zai Jing Mao", which is a planted quilt of sacrifice, and the Chu State attacked the King of Lu. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the excuse for the State of Qi guan zhong to attack the State of Chu was that "Ergong Baomao did not enter, the king sacrifice was not shared, there was no way to shrink the wine, and the widow was a sign."
Jing and Hengyang are the only Jingzhou. Jiang, Han Dynasty Zong Yu Hai, Jiujiang Kong Yin, Tuo, Qianjie Dao, Yun Tu, Dream Trick. The soil is only smeared with mud, the field is only in the middle, and the soil is only in the middle, and the soil is only in the middle. 厥gong feather, hair, tooth, ge wei jin three products, 杶, dried, 栝, cypress, 砺, 砥, 砮, Dan Wei fungus□, 楛, Three States Gong Gong 厥名. Bao Zai Jingmao, Jie Gui Xuan Jie Group, Jiujiang Naxi Big Turtle. Floating in the river, Tuo, qian, Han, more than Luo, as for the South River.
The territory of the late Chu State
In the fifth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (106 BC), he established the Jingzhou Thorn History Department. It administers Nanyang County, Changsha County, Jiangxia County, Nan County, Wuling County, Lingling County, and Guiyang County. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jingzhou had jurisdiction over seven counties and one hundred and seventeen counties. He was the seat of Hanshou (present-day northern Hanshou County, Hunan). At the end of the Han Dynasty, he moved to Xiangyang (present-day Xiangyang, Hubei). In the fourteenth year of Jian'an, Liu Bei led Jingzhou Mu and moved to the administration of Public Security (present-day northwest of Hubei Province). After "borrowing Jingzhou", he moved to Jiangling. After the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan divided Jingzhou: Cao Cao occupied the two counties of Nanyang and Nan Commandery, Liu Bei occupied the four counties of Lingling, Guiyang, Wuling, and Changsha south of the Yangtze River, and Sun Quan occupied Jiangxia County. In the fourteenth year of Jian'an (209), Zhou Yu defeated Cao Ren and captured Nan Commandery (南郡), and Sun Quan made Zhou Yu a partial general, leading Nan Commandery Taishou (南郡太守) and stationed in Jiangling (南郡治所). In the fifteenth year of Jian'an (210), after Zhou Yu's death, Sun Quan Narusu "lent" the part of his stronghold (only Guide County) to Liu Bei, and Liu Bei occupied most of Jingzhou. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Sun Cao jointly defeated Guan Yu and divided Jingzhou. In the eighth year of Jin Yonghe (352), Jingzhou Dingzhi Jiangling. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Emperor Qihe, Emperor Yuan of Liang, Later Liang, and Xiao Milling all made Jingzhou the capital of the country. During this period, the area of Jingzhou continued to shrink. By the Sui and Tang dynasties, Jingzhou was limited to the western part of present-day Hubei, known as Jiangling, and belonged to Shannan Province. Later, the area of Jingzhou was equivalent to today's Jingzhou City.
Yuzhou roughly corresponds to present-day Henan Province. "Lü's Spring and Autumn": "Between the river and the Han Dynasty is Yuzhou, Zhou Ye." "In the Spring and Autumn of the Lü Dynasty, it is said that Yuzhou is south of the Yellow River and north of the Han River, and the main country is the State of Zhou, and in fact there are wei, Han and other countries. "Yugong": "Jinghe only Yuzhou", "Yugong" in the scope of Yuzhou is more explicit, referring to the north of Jingshan and south of the Yellow River. Roughly today's Henan region except Nanyang and Xinyang. The main rivers are Yi, Luo, Ying and Jian, all of which flow into the Yellow River. There were lakes for Heze (not today's Heze), which produced silk fabrics and lacquerware.
Jinghe is only yuzhou. Yi, Luo, Ying, and Jian both enter the river, and Xingbo is a pig. Guide Heze, by Meng Pig. The soil is only soil, and the lower earthen grave is mounded. Yu Tian is only in the middle, and the wrong is in the middle. 厥gong lacquer, 枲, 絺, 紵, 厥篚纤, 纩, Xigong 磬錯. Floating in Lo, da Yu River.
During the Western Han Dynasty, the History of The Thorns of Yuzhou was set up, one of the Thirteen Prefectures of Thorn History, with jurisdiction over Yingchuan County, Runan County, Pei County, and the State of Liang. The seat of the Eastern Han Dynasty Yuzhou Assassination History was Yu (Bozhou). During the Cao Wei period of the Three Kingdoms, the seat of yuzhou was ancheng, and during the Western Jin Dynasty, the seat of governance of Yuzhou was in Chen County (Huaiyang). During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the area under the jurisdiction of Yuzhou was reduced, and the Sui Dynasty abolished the history of Yuzhou. Today Yu became the abbreviation of Henan.
YuGong: "Huayang, Heishui Wei Liangzhou", Liangzhou is located in the south of Mount Hua (Qinling, Zhongnan Mountain) and north of Heishui (Jinsha River). Equivalent to today's Sichuan, Chongqing, Hanzhong region. The main rivers originate in the Minshan area. There are rivers such as the Min River, the Tuo River, and the Qian River, which can be navigated with the Jianghan River. Rich in minerals, such as iron and silver. Animals are abundant.
Huayang, Heishui WeiliangZhou. Min and Min are both art, Tuo and Qian are both Dao. Cai, Meng Luping, and Yi Jie. Tu Tu Qing Li, Yu Tian Wei down, Yu Fu lower middle, three mistakes. Gong Xuan, iron, silver, skeleton, gong, bear, fox, fox, weaver, west tilt because huan is coming, floating in the submerged, more than the pool, into the Wei, chaotic in the river.
In the Western Han Dynasty, the extent of Liang Prefecture was the scope of Yizhou, one of the thirteen prefectures, and its scope was to govern the entire southwest region, including the Yunnan-Guizhou-Chongqing region, and the seat of Yizhou was designated as Luo County (present-day Guanghan, Sichuan). In 191, Yizhou Mu Liu Yan migrated to rule Mianzhu. In 194, the prefecture was moved to Chengdu, and since then Yizhou has also included the meaning of Chengdu's alias. This title was almost always used until the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. But the name of Chengdu's city has never changed. During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei occupied Yizhou and established the Shu Han Dynasty. The Western Jin Dynasty destroyed the Shu Han Dynasty, divided YiZhou, and set up Liang Prefecture separately. Two states appear here. In the third year of the Sui Kai Emperor (583), the counties under the heavens were abolished, and the prefecture was unified as a county, and at this time Yizhou was only a county, and the scope was roughly equivalent to the scope of Chengdu. During the Tang Dynasty, Yizhou became one of the most developed cities in the south, and was called "Yang Yi Yi Er" along with Yangzhou. In the first year of Tianbao (742), the prefecture was changed to a county, Yizhou was changed to Shu County, and Yizhou was removed.
"Lü's Spring and Autumn": "The west is Yongzhou, Qin ye." Han Jiayi's "Treatise on Passing the Qin": "Qin Xiaogong according to the solidity of Kun Han, embraced the land of Yongzhou. "Yu Gong": "Black Water, West River Wei YongZhou." ”。 The West River is the Yellow River area between Qin and Jin, indicating that the scope of Yongzhou is west of the Yellow River and east of Heishui. Blackwater is difficult to define, but the overall scope is the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region. The main rivers are Jing, and Wei all flow into the Yellow River, while weak water flows westward. It is also mentioned that the important geographical concept is the Three Dangers Mountain, which should be a large mountain in the northwest, and the Shangshu Shundian contains: "Channeling three seedlings in the three dangers". The captives who had once exiled Sanmiao to the Three Dangers area. Mainly loess land (Loess Plateau). It produces jade, such as Qinghai jade, Gong Wei Qiu, Lin, and Lang Jie. The main ethnic groups are the Xirong, which is now the Qiang, Tibetan, and so on.
Blackwater, West River Weiyong Prefecture. Weak water is both west, Jing belongs to Wei Wei, lacquer depression is from, and feng shui is the same. Jing, Qi, both the brigade, the final south, the relic, as for the birds and mice. Hara, as for ino. Three dangers are both houses, three miao Pi Shu. The soil is only yellow soil, the field is only up, and the endowment is up and down. Gong Wei Qiu, Lin, Lang Jie. Floating in the rocks, as for the Longmen and West River, it will be in Weiwei. Weaving Skin Kunlun, Analysis Branch, Canal Search, Xi Rong is Narration.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Yongzhou (雍州), one of the thirteen prefectures, but changed yongzhou to Liangzhou (梁州), the prefecture of Guzang (present-day Wuwei City, Gansu), and the four counties of Wuwei, Jiuquan, Zhangye, and Dunhuang. Emperor Wu placed Shuo Fang and ordered shi jianzhi not to be limited to the thirteen states. Combining the systems of Xu, Liang, You, Xia, and Zhou, changing Yong Yue Liang, changing Liang Yue Yi, Fan Thirteen, and Placing The History of Thorns. "In the second year of the Han Dynasty (121 BC), Huo Wentyi defeated the Xiongnu, and in order to show the martial arts military might of the Han Empire, the Western Han government set up Wuwei County in the former Xiutu King's territory, and Wuwei got its name. The Eastern Han Dynasty changed its name to Yongzhou, and the State of Wei changed back to Liangzhou. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, this area established the regimes of Xiliang, Nanliang, and Houliang, until the Tang Dynasty, when the Great Liang State of Li Rail was destroyed by Li Yuan in the second year of Tang Wude (619). The Tang Dynasty abolished Wuwei County, set up the Governor of LiangZhou, and ruled Guzang. In the first year of Emperor Taizong of Tang's reign (627), the country was divided into 10 provinces, and Liangzhou belonged to Longyou Province, and the jurisdiction of Liangzhou was thus reduced. During the Song Dynasty, the Liangzhou region was the territory of the Western Xia Kingdom.
Judging from the scope of the above Kyushu, the scope of Kyushu in Yugong is "gradually east of the sea, west of the quicksand, Shuonan and Shengjiao in the four seas." "Basically Qin, Chu, Qi, Yan, Jin, and Yue, should be the geographical situation at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, because the Jin state has not yet split during this period, and the Yue state has already destroyed the Wu state." Outside of these countries, the Pearl River Basin is not well understood. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, after the expansion of the territory, it was gradually discovered and developed in the two broad, northeast and western regions.
History of the Thirteen States of the Han Dynasty