Many people may not know where Rencheng is? Ren Cheng's fame really doesn't seem very big, it doesn't matter. You must know that the hometown of the Confucian sage Confucius is in Qufu, the hometown of Mencius is in Zoucheng, and Qufu and Zoucheng are all under the jurisdiction of Jining City in Shandong Province. Rencheng is the main city of Jining, a historical city.
Jining Is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, bordering Xuzhou City in Jiangsu Province to the south, with an area of about 11,100 square kilometers. There are many famous county-level administrative districts under Jining, in addition to Qufu and Zoucheng, there are also Yanzhou, one of the nine prefectures, Liangshan in "Water Margin", Jinxiang and Yutai are very famous. In addition, the waters of the famous Weishan Lake (Nanyang Lake, Dushan Lake, Zhaoyang Lake, Weishan Lake) are basically in jining, and Weishan County is set up.
Jining (hereinafter referred to as Rencheng, the main urban area of Jining City) is located at the northern end of Nanyang Lake, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal passes through jining city to the south. Jining's historical ownership is very interesting, in the Spring and Autumn Period it was the territory of the State of Lu, in the early period of the Warring States period it became the territory of the State of Song, and finally it became the territory of the State of Qi, and finally it was annexed by Qin.
During the Qin Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty, Jining did not have an administrative establishment, and it was not until the eastern Han Dynasty Zhang Emperor Liu Juyuan and the imperial court set up a Rencheng state (county level, with princes). However, the seat of government of the Eastern Han Dynasty was not in the current Jining Rencheng District, but east of Nanyang Lake (there was no lake at that time), where a small princely state served in the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Rencheng Commandery was established, and the seat of government was placed in the current Rencheng District of Jining.
Jining's geographical location is very important, and in ancient times it has always been a place of contention for soldiers. During the Warring States period, Jiningka was between the State of Song and the State of Lu, while to the west (south) of the State of Song there were great powers such as Chu, Wei, and Qin, and to the east of the State of Lu there was the great power of the State of Qi. Fifty miles south of Jining, there is a place called Kang Father, where the terrain is dangerous, Su Qin said that the Qin army wants to attack the State of Qi, if you take the dangerous road of Father Kang, you can't let the two horses pass in parallel. As long as a hundred men are sent to guard the danger of the father, it will be difficult for the enemy to pass even if there are tens of thousands of people.
In the era of north-south confrontation, Jining's strategic position became more prominent. Not far to the north of Jining is the Yellow River, and not far to the south is Xuzhou, the military town of the north-south confrontation. Not far south of Xuzhou is the Huai River, not far south of the Huai River is the Yangtze River, and on the south bank of the Yangtze River is Nanjing, the capital of the Southern Dynasty. If the Southern Dynasty has a Northern Expedition, it will generally take the waterway, that is, after leaving the Yangtze River, it will enter Zhongdushui (the middle section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal) to the east, then go up to Huai'an, and then go north to attack Pi (Gupi Town, Suining County, Jiangsu Province), and then attack Xuzhou.
For the Northern Dynasty, controlling Xuzhou was the key to preserving the Central Plains, and to protect Xuzhou, Jining's role was quite large. Because Jining is in the upper reaches of Surabaya, the Northern Dynasty guards Rencheng, one can support Xuzhou from the upstream, the other can jam the gate of Shandong, and Rencheng is in Shandong'an.
The capital of the Yuan Dynasty was located in Dadu (Beijing), but the economic conditions in the north were difficult to ensure the supply of grain in Dadu. In this case, the Yuan Dynasty built the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal to facilitate the transportation of money and grain from the south to the north by water. The central city in the south is Nanjing, also on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. This determined Jining's strategic positioning in the Yuan Dynasty - in the north and south, above Xuzhou (north). Let's change the perspective, Jining is not only the southern gate of most capitals, but also the southern gate of Shandong, after all, Shandong also needs money and grain from the south.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the world was in chaos, the Shandong rebel army was like a cloud, and the general Chahan Timur led an army to encircle and suppress the Shandong rebel army, the time was the twenty-first year of Zhizheng (1361). Chakhan Timur first attacked Jining, which was equivalent to severing the shandong rebels' ties with the south, and then recapturing Shandong with one drum. Chakhan Timur is very famous, and his adopted son is even more famous, that is, Timur, who was called "the first strange man in the world" by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and the Chinese name is Wang Baobao.
Zhu Yuanzhang also attached great importance to Jining. In the twenty-seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1367), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Xu Da to lead the Northern Expedition. Zhu Yuanzhang specifically told Xu Da: "First attack Jining, then Jinan, strangle its gateway, and the Yuan army east of Shandong has no way to escape, and will not attack itself." ”
Jining also has a special geographical label – sandwiched between Shandong and Henan. The Ming army wanted to attack Henan, that is, after Chang Yuchun pacified Shandong, he led his army back to Jining, and then rendezvoused with Xu Da in Jining, attacked Henan by water, and soon took Henan.
Decades later, the Yan king Zhu Di raised an army, and also regarded Jining as a throat, and the Yan army first attacked Jining, and then the imperial court army in Dezhou collapsed immediately.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Jining was only a prefecture, which seemed to be not as high as the rank of the prefecture. However, jining's geographical location is too important, the north can enter Beijing, the south can enter Ning (Nanjing), the east can enter the sea, and the west can enter the Central Plains. Until now, Jining still has such geographical advantages. Everyone knows that the central city of the Huaihai Economic Zone is Xuzhou, Jiangsu, but for a long time, Jining is also competing for the central city of the Huaihai Economic Zone, which shows the strength of Jining.
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