For more than 500 years during the Ming and Qing dynasties of China, Jingdezhen had the world's top porcelain kilns, which is the Royal Kiln Factory; in the nearly 30 years of the Qing Yongqian period, Jingdezhen had the top pottery official in ancient times, who was Tang Ying; in the eighth year of the Qianlong Dynasty, Jingdezhen gave birth to a work describing the top traditional handmade porcelain craftsmanship, which is the "Taoye Tushu" compiled by Tang Ying.
In October 2019, during the Jingdezhen International Ceramics Expo, the Tang Ying Memorial Hall prepared in the Jingdezhen Ancient Kiln Folk Customs Expo Area was grandly opened, and the painted porcelain plate of Tang Ying's "Tao Ye Tu Shu" was one of the important displays. To this end, we will further comprehensively and deeply study and study the "Tao Ye Tu Theory" to help the opening publicity of the Tang Ying Memorial Hall, help tell the story of Tang Ying, and help protect and inherit the ceramic cultural heritage of Jingdezhen.
During my tenure at the Jingdezhen Ceramic History Museum, I had the privilege of recognizing an expert leader of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage who wrote exquisite texts for the history and culture of ceramics in Jingdezhen. Recently, I read one of his masterpieces published in the China Cultural Relics Newspaper entitled "Studying the Heritage of Predecessors and Innovating Mass Archaeology". Among them, the word "study and research" made my eyes light up, in the face of Tang Ying's "Tao Ye Tu Theory", are we not both "learning" and "research"? Therefore, the word "study and research" is borrowed into the title of this article. The following four parts of this article are not only the reading and study of "Tao Ye Tu Shu", but also the exploration and research of "Tao Ye Tu Shu".
"Tao Ye Tu Shu" interprets the meaning
On the basis of reading and proofreading the Tao Ye Tu Shu, the content of this part is the original text of the Tao Ye Tu Shu after the proofreading, and the interpretation of its original meaning expressed in modern vernacular.
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Original text: Yue Ji Yu Dai Zhaoxing, Tao Zheng's official list of examination workers, detailed tao Zhen's position. It is a tool for daily use, so it should be elaborated and used to show eternity. The need to cover the porcelain is in the soil, and the fineness of the soil is in the taocheng. The soil is thin and billeted, and the stucco is combined with glaze. Mud and glaze are the first to be stored, and tao practice is especially the first. As for the storage of its materials, it is more advantageous to expect the flame to be defiled by the crystal screen, so that the luster needs to be covered, and the spare of the cassette bowl should be followed by the glaze of the soil. If the Fu Cheng material making instrument, when the left should be right, the antique is considered to be modern, and it must follow the rules of the square compass, but it is exemplary. It is about the billet tire: it is known as creation, it is repaired, and the endowment begins to have its image; for the carving, for the skeleton, and the subject is different from its own form. Therefore, the work of shihou su is suitable for being collected, and the circle is different, and the rendering is the same. The glaze is blown and dipped and cleverly presented, which is sufficient for detail and function. The clay-shaped soil is made of gold and stone; the brocade pattern is with the color of clouds. Dressed in thatch, utilized all over the Huan District. Silently contemplating God, devout the tao family's offerings, offerings to the lords, and inviting the heavenly palaces. The figures are listed sequentially, and the sequence is divided into sections.
He was the superintendent of Jiujiang Banknote Pass and tang Yinggong, a member of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Interpretation: According to research, the pottery industry began to rise during the Yu Shun period, and the "Record of Examination Workers" in the Spring and Autumn Period contains such an official position as "Tao Zheng" in ancient times, which details the work of the pottery industry. It is known from this that pottery made of clay is a necessary substance for people's daily life, so its delicate craftsmanship and principles should be fully explained for permanent demonstration and inheritance.
Porcelain clay is needed to make porcelain, and the fineness of porcelain clay lies in taotao. The porcelain clay is fine, and the blank tire can be completed; the stucco is matched, and the porcelain glaze can be completed. Mud and glaze should be stockpiled first, and panning is the first priority.
Not only to reserve the materials for making porcelain, but also to prepare the utensils for making porcelain, so that the kiln smoke flame does not tarnish the porcelain tire of the crystal screen, so that the glossy glaze has the necessary shielding, which must be prepared for the spare, which should be done after the mud glaze.
Prepare materials to make porcelain, should be at any time suitable for the use of materials, antique innovation, must follow the rules and principles, this is the norm. About the billet tire: saying "made" and "repairing" has its shape than attaching things; for "carving" and "skeletonizing", the accepted billet tire has a different image.
The process after the implementation of plain porcelain is to complete the painted decoration very well, and although the circular and the shape of the instrument are different, the method of painting and rendering is the same.
The method of applying glaze is divided into blowing glaze and dipping glaze, and the ingenuity and clumsiness of the craft can be revealed. The bottom foot of the utensil is written well, and the molding process is completed.
After being smelted in a kiln, porcelain made from earthen mud tires emits a sound of gold and stone when tapped; the beautiful ornamentation on the porcelain tires is like the color of clouds in the sky.
The porcelain packaging uses thatch, and it is convenient to transport throughout the world.
Fear the god of the kiln, and prayerfully offer the reward of the potter; supervise the pottery, and sincerely invite the emperor to the imperial inscription. The taoye diagram is arranged sequentially and arranged according to the process.
