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今天小編為大家帶來《基于農産品供應鍊金融的物流作業承接雙邊讨價還價博弈》一文。
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Today, the editor brings the "Bilateral bargaining Game of logistics operations undertaking based on Agricultural supply chain Finance".
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1 内容摘要（Content summary）
今天小編将從“思維導圖、精讀内容、知識補充”三個闆塊，解讀分享《基于農産品供應鍊金融的物流作業承接雙邊讨價還價博弈》一文的結論部分。
Today, I will read and share the conclusion of the article "Bilateral bargaining game based on agricultural supply chain finance for logistics operation undertaking" from the three sections of "Thinking Guide, Intensive Reading, and Knowledge Supplementation".
2 思維導圖（Mind mapping）
3 精讀内容（Intensive reading content）
3.1 結論
3.1 Conclusion
（1）文章内容總結（Article Content Summary）
背景介紹（Background）：
農産品供應鍊金融在拓展金融應用的同時，面臨着農産品特性和複雜業務環境的挑戰，這要求更高的物流服務品質。為此，引入第四方物流（4PL）成為必要，以彌補僅依賴第三方物流（3PL）在方案設計、資源整合、規模效應和資訊技術應用等方面的局限。4PL的參與增強了銀行對該類業務的信心，有力推動了業務的深化。
While expanding its financial applications, agricultural supply chain finance faces the challenges of the characteristics of agricultural products and the complex business environment, which require higher quality of logistics services. For this reason, the introduction of fourth-party logistics (4PL) has become necessary to make up for the limitations of relying only on third-party logistics (3PL) in terms of program design, resource integration, scale effect and information technology application, etc. The participation of 4PL has strengthened the confidence of banks in this type of business and strongly promoted the deepening of the business.
然而，確定農産品質押融資業務長期穩健發展，關鍵問題之一在于合理确定物流作業的定價，這一問題亟待解決。
However, one of the key issues to ensure the long-term and sound development of the agricultural pledge financing business is to rationalize the pricing of logistics operations, an issue that needs to be addressed urgently.
内容（模型建立）（Content (modeling)）：
運用魯賓斯輪流讨價還價 博弈思想，建構了資訊不對稱情況下第四方物流作業承接雙邊讨價還價博弈模型，即第四方物流與銀行就物流作業委托價格的讨價還價和第四方物流把 承接的物流作業轉包給第三方物流就物流作業轉包 價格進行的讨價還價。
Using Rubens' rotational bargaining game idea, we constructed a bilateral bargaining game model for 4PL operations under information asymmetry, i.e., the bargaining between 4PL and the bank on the commissioned price of the logistics operation, and the bargaining between 4PL and 3PL on the subcontracting price of the logistics operation that the 4PL has subcontracted to the 3PL.
分為第四方物流先與第三方物流再與銀行讨價還價和先與銀行再與第三方物流讨價還價兩種情況。
There are two types of bargaining, i.e., the bargaining between the 4PL and the bank over the price of the logistics operation and the bargaining between the 4PL and the bank over the price of the logistics operation when the 4PL subcontracts the logistics operation to the 3PL.
研究結果（Findings）：
當質押物為農産品時，第四方物流在 博弈過程中給出的報價較高；
When the pledge is for agricultural products, the 4PL offers a higher price in the game;
第四方物流的報價與 其自身的耐心程度無關，銀行和第三方物流的出價 受其各自完成物流作業成本的影響及第四方物流在 未知成本情況下的報價會高于其知道成本狀況時的報價。
The price offered by the 4PL is not related to its own patience, but the price offered by the bank and the 3PL is influenced by the cost of completing the logistic operation and the price offered by the 4PL in the case of unknown cost is higher than the price offered by the 4PL in the case of known cost.
（2）相關建議
(2) Related Recommendations
- 優選穩定價值的農産品作為質押物，以降低物流作業成本。這些農産品通常價值相對穩定，不容易受市場波動影響，降低了物流環節中的風險和不确定性。這種選擇可以減少物流中的儲存、運輸和處理成本，進而提高整體效率和利潤率。
- Agricultural products of stable value are preferred as pledges to reduce logistics operation costs. These agricultural products are usually of relatively stable value and are not susceptible to market fluctuations, reducing risks and uncertainties in the logistics process. This selection reduces storage, transportation and handling costs in logistics, thereby improving overall efficiency and profitability.
- 促使第四方物流參與業務，通過資源整合能力減少交易成本、降低信貸風險，并穩定第三方物流的業務量和收益。 通過第四方物流的參與，銀行能夠減少質押物的價值評估、運輸路線的選擇等方面的工作量，進而降低信貸風險。
- Involving fourth-party logistics in the business reduces transaction costs, lowers credit risk, and stabilizes the business volume and revenue of third-party logistics through the ability to integrate resources. Through the participation of fourth-party logistics, banks are able to reduce the workload in terms of value assessment of pledges and selection of transportation routes, thereby reducing credit risks.
- 第四方物流應先與第三方物流達成協定，確定在與銀行讨價還價時有利潤空間，以提高交易成功的機率。這樣可以避免在讨價還價時給出過低的價格，保證了交易的成功機率。通過與第三方物流的協商，第四方物流可以更好地了解自己的成本情況，進而在與銀行讨價時給出更合理的價格。
- The fourth party logistics should first reach an agreement with the third party logistics to ensure that there is a profit margin when bargaining with the bank in order to increase the probability of a successful transaction. This avoids giving too low a price during bargaining and ensures the probability of a successful transaction. By negotiating with 3PLs, 4PLs can have a better understanding of their own costs and thus give more reasonable prices when bargaining with banks.
- 銀行和第三方物流應努力降低自己的作業成本。可以通過進行系統教育訓練，提升員工的專業水準；招聘經驗豐富的人員，提高業務處理效率；改善裝置和資訊平台建設，提高作業效率和精準度等方式實作。
- Banks and 3PLs should strive to reduce their own operating costs. This can be achieved by conducting systematic training to enhance the professionalism of their employees; recruiting experienced personnel to improve the efficiency of business processing; and improving the construction of equipment and information platforms to increase operational efficiency and accuracy.
4 知識補充（Knowledge supplement）
第四方物流和第三方物流的合作模式有哪些？（What are the modes of cooperation between 4PL and 3PL?）
1.子承包模式：第四方物流将部分業務委托給第三方物流執行，第三方物流負責具體的物流操作，而第四方物流負責整體的物流規劃、協調和管理。
1. Sub-contracting mode: The fourth party logistics entrusts part of its business to the third party logistics for execution. The third party logistics is responsible for the specific logistics operation, while the fourth party logistics is responsible for the overall logistics planning, coordination and management.
2.平台對接模式：第四方物流通過建立物流資訊平台或者利用第三方平台，與第三方物流進行資訊對接和資源共享，以實作物流資源的整合和優化。
2. Platform docking mode: The fourth party logistics carries out information docking and resource sharing with the third party logistics through the establishment of logistics information platform or the use of the third party platform, in order to realize the integration and optimization of logistics resources.
3.聯合營運模式：第四方物流與第三方物流進行聯合營運，共同承擔物流服務的提供和營運管理，共享資源和收益。
3. Joint Operation Mode: Fourth party logistics and third party logistics carry out joint operation, jointly undertake the provision of logistics services and operation and management, and share resources and benefits.
4.服務外包模式：第四方物流将物流服務的全部或部分外包給第三方物流，第三方物流負責執行具體的物流任務，而第四方物流負責監督和管理。
4. Service Outsourcing Mode: The fourth party logistics will outsource all or part of the logistics services to the third party logistics, which is responsible for the implementation of specific logistics tasks, while the fourth party logistics is responsible for supervision and management.
5.混合模式：結合以上多種合作方式，根據具體業務需求和情況，靈活選擇合作模式，以實作最佳的物流效益和服務品質。
5. Hybrid Mode: Combining the above multiple modes of cooperation, we flexibly choose the mode of cooperation according to the specific business needs and situation, in order to realize the best logistics benefits and service quality.
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參考資料：ChatGPT
參考文獻：
徐鵬, 陳曉旭, 黃勝忠.基于農産品供應鍊金融的物流作業承接雙邊讨價還價博弈 [J]. 系統管理學報, 2019, 28(3): 569-578.
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