早在1931年,Osterv首先提出尿液中枸橼酸濃度的降低可促進含鈣結石的形成。1934年,Boothby and Adams發現兩例結石患者的尿液枸橼酸鹽排洩減少。但這些在此後的近50年内沒有引起足夠的重視,研究者認為低枸橼酸鹽尿僅出現在尿路感染的患者,把低枸橼酸尿歸結為細菌感染的結果[3]。1983年Rudman等重新發現腎結石患者尿液的枸橼酸鹽排洩減少。1985年7月,美國食品藥物管理局準許枸橼酸鉀作為單味藥治療低枸橼酸尿性草酸鈣結石、尿酸結石及輕中度高尿酸尿性草酸鈣結石[10]。枸橼酸主要通過腎髒排洩,在腎中大約65%-90%的枸橼酸被腎小管重吸收,進入細胞後枸橼酸完全代謝成Co2和H20,為腎髒氧化代謝提供10%的能量。其餘10%-35%的枸橼酸在尿液中以原形形式存在[2]。
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